Series Preface |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
About the Companion Website |
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xix | |
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1 Fundamentals of Ray Tracing |
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1 | (28) |
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1.1 Rays and Ray Segments |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Mathematical Preliminaries |
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2 | (9) |
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1.4 Ideal Models for Emission, Reflection, and Absorption of Rays |
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11 | (6) |
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1.5 Scattering and Refraction |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (11) |
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21 | (7) |
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28 | (1) |
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2 Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation |
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29 | (38) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3 Intensity of Radiation (Radiance) |
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32 | (2) |
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2.4 Directional Spectral Emissive Power |
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34 | (1) |
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2.5 Hemispherical Spectral Emissive Power |
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34 | (1) |
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2.6 Hemispherical Total Emissive Power |
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34 | (1) |
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2.7 The Blackbody Radiation Distribution Function |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (2) |
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2.9 Emission and Absorption Mechanisms |
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40 | (2) |
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2.10 Definition of Models for Emission, Absorption, and Reflection |
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42 | (10) |
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2.11 Introduction to the Radiation Behavior of Surfaces |
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52 | (2) |
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2.12 Radiation Behavior of Surfaces Composed of Electrical Non-Conductors (Dielectrics) |
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54 | (5) |
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2.13 Radiation Behavior of Surfaces Composed of Electrical Conductors (Metals) |
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59 | (8) |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (2) |
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3 The Radiation Distribution Factor for Diffuse-Specular Gray Surfaces |
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67 | (36) |
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3.1 The Monte Carlo Ray-Trace (MCRT) Method and the Radiation Distribution Factor |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2 Properties of the Total Radiation Distribution Factor |
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68 | (1) |
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3.3 Estimation of the Distribution Factor Matrix Using the MCRT Method |
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69 | (14) |
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3.4 Binning of Rays on a Surface Element; Illustrative Example |
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83 | (2) |
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3.5 Case Study: Thermal and Optical Analysis of a Radiometric Instrument |
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85 | (9) |
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3.6 Use of Radiation Distribution Factors for the Case of Specified Surface Temperatures |
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94 | (2) |
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3.7 Use of Radiation Distribution Factors When Some Surface Net Heat Fluxes Are Specified |
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96 | (7) |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (2) |
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4 Extension of the MCRT Method to Non-Diffuse, Non-Gray Enclosures |
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103 | (40) |
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4.1 Bidirectional Spectral Surfaces |
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103 | (3) |
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4.2 Principles Underlying a Practical Bidirectional Reflection Model |
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106 | (3) |
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4.3 First Example: A Highly Absorptive Surface Whose Reflectivity is Strongly Specular |
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109 | (10) |
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4.4 Second Example: A Highly Reflective Surface Whose Reflectivity is Strongly Diffuse |
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119 | (8) |
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4.5 The Band-Averaged Spectral Radiation Distribution Factor |
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127 | (6) |
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4.6 Use of the Band-Averaged Spectral Radiation Distribution Factor for the Case of Specified Surface Temperatures |
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133 | (1) |
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4.7 Use of the Band-Averaged Spectral Radiation Distribution Factor for the Case of One or More Specified Surface Net Heat Fluxes |
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134 | (9) |
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138 | (4) |
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142 | (1) |
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5 The MCRT Method for Participating Media |
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143 | (40) |
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5.1 Radiation in a Participating Medium |
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143 | (3) |
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5.2 Example: The Absorption Filter |
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146 | (8) |
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5.3 Ray Tracing in a Participating Medium |
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154 | (17) |
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5.4 Estimating the Radiation Distribution Factors in Participating Media |
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171 | (1) |
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5.5 Using the Radiation Distribution Factors When All Temperatures are Specified |
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172 | (1) |
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5.6 Using the Radiation Distribution Factors for a Mixture of Specified Temperatures and Specified Heat Transfer Rates |
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173 | (2) |
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5.7 Simulating Infrared Images |
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175 | (8) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (4) |
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6 Extension of the MCRT Method to Physical Optics |
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183 | (30) |
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6.1 Some Ideas from Physical Optics |
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183 | (2) |
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6.2 Geometrical Versus Physical Optics |
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185 | (1) |
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6.3 Anatomy of a Ray Suitable for Physical Optics Applications |
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186 | (1) |
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6.4 Modeling of Polarization Effects: A Case Study |
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187 | (8) |
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6.5 Diffraction and Interference Effects: A Case Study |
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195 | (3) |
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6.6 Monte Carlo Ray-Trace Diffraction Based on the Huygens-Fresnel Principle |
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198 | (15) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (3) |
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7 Statistical Estimation of Uncertainty in the MCRT Method |
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213 | (28) |
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7.1 Statement of the Problem |
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213 | (1) |
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7.2 Statistical Inference |
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214 | (4) |
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7.3 Hypothesis Testing for Population Means |
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218 | (2) |
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7.4 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions |
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220 | (4) |
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7.5 Effects of Uncertainties in the Enclosure Geometry and Surface Models |
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224 | (1) |
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7.6 Single-Sample Versus Multiple-Sample Experiments |
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225 | (1) |
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7.7 Evaluation of Aggravated Uncertainty |
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226 | (1) |
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7.8 Uncertainty in Temperature and Heat Transfer Results |
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227 | (2) |
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7.9 Application to the Case of Specified Surface Temperatures |
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229 | (3) |
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7.10 Experimental Design of MCRT Algorithms |
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232 | (9) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (2) |
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A Random Number Generators and Autoregression Analysis |
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241 | (14) |
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A.1 Pseudo-Random Number Generators |
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242 | (1) |
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A.2 Properties of a "Good" Pseudo-Random Number Generator |
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242 | (3) |
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A.3 A "Minimal Standard" Pseudo-Random Number Generator |
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245 | (2) |
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A.4 Autoregression Analysis |
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247 | (8) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
Index |
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255 | |