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El. knyga: More Urban Less Poor: An Introduction to Urban Development and Management

  • Formatas: 192 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-May-2012
  • Leidėjas: Earthscan Ltd
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781136561054
  • Formatas: 192 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-May-2012
  • Leidėjas: Earthscan Ltd
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781136561054

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A world more urban...The world is undergoing massive urbanization, and is projected to increase from three to over four billion city dwellers, mostly in the developing world, within 15 years. This historic shift is producing dramatic effects on human well-being and the environment....but less poorUnplanned shanty-towns without basic services are not an inevitable consequence of urbanization and slums are not explained by poverty alone. Urban misery also stems from misguided policies, inappropriate legal frameworks, dysfunctional markets, poor governance, and not least, lack of political will.Urbanization and economic development go hand-in-hand and the productivity of the urban economy can and should benefit everyone. Living conditions for the urban poor can be dramatically improved with proper solutions, backed by decisive, concerted action.More Urban - Less Poor brings order to the complex and important field of urban development in developing and transitional countries. Written in an accessible style, the book examines how cities grow, their economic development, urban poverty, housing and environmental problems. It also examines how to face these challenges through governance and management of urban growth, the finance and delivery of services, and finding a role for development cooperation. This is essential reading for development professionals, researchers, students and others working on any facet of urban development and management in our rapidly urbanizing world. Published with SIDA

First Published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Recenzijos

'A small book for big problems' Built Environment, 2006

' [ A] pithy, attractively produced volume [ that] has a lot to say about how to get urbanisation right.'

'The authors...have decades of experience in implementing international cooperation programmes in the urban sector, notable among them some highly innovative efforts to make cities safe and liveable for the urban poor.'

'The chief strength of the book is that it lays out in a straightforward way the evidence suggesting that in a world that is now more than half urban and likely to become increasingly so, poverty-alleviation efforts need to focus on urban settlements.'

'Thisintroduction to urban development and management will be an excellent addition to the reference collections of domestic and international development NGOs, as well as CSOs not generally involved in urban development.' (All above) Development in Practice, Volume 17, Number 3, June 2007

'This is an excellent book, well-written and the authors have can see the big picture of human development. They offer much on planning and on governance.' Livestock Science

FOREWORD 5(6)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11(1)
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 12(6)
1. AN URBANIZING WORLD 18(20)
Urban growth continues
19(8)
Most people will soon live in urban areas
19(2)
Unprecedented urban growth in developing countries
21(1)
Regional differentials
22(5)
Understanding urbanization
27(8)
Why do cities grow?
27(2)
Urbanization and economic development go together
29(2)
Megacities
31(1)
Can urban growth be controlled?
32(3)
Urban-rural linkages
35(3)
Household linkages
35(1)
Economic linkages
35(3)
2. URBAN POVERTY 38(14)
Nature of urban poverty
39(5)
What is urban poverty?
39(2)
The urban poor are never safe
41(3)
Who are the poor?
44(4)
Urban poverty is underestimated
44(1)
Urban poverty is increasing
45(1)
Women and children are a majority of the poor
46(2)
Earning a living
48(4)
'Formal' and 'informal' economies
48(2)
Urban agriculture
50(2)
3. CITIES AND TOWNS FACING PROBLEMS 52(30)
Slums, favelas, shantytowns
53(9)
Poor housing conditions
53(1)
Lack of secure tenure
54(4)
The land issue
58(1)
"Only bankers can get mortgages"
58(1)
Basic services
59(3)
Environment and health
62(5)
The environmental 'footprint' — a misleading concept?
62(2)
Local health impacts are most serious
64(1)
Global and regional impacts
65(2)
Development obstacles
67(10)
Weak urban governance
67(1)
Poor municipalities
67(2)
Inadequate infrastructure
69(2)
Distorted land and housing markets
71(1)
Inappropriate regulatory framework
72(2)
HIV/AIDS
74(3)
Urban challenges in the transition countries
77(5)
Urban situation
77(1)
Municipalities in transition
78(1)
Housing and infrastructure
79(3)
4. MANAGING URBAN GROWTH 82(56)
Critical issues
83(1)
Governance
84(12)
Empowerment of local authorities
84(2)
The key role of central government
86(2)
Civil society participation is essential
88(1)
Human rights
88(4)
Accountability and transparency
92(2)
Corruption
94(2)
Urban management
96(13)
Inclusive city development strategies
96(1)
Land management
97(1)
Providing security of tenure
98(1)
Urban transport – more harm than good for the poor?
99(3)
Managing the urban environment
102(4)
Cultural heritage and the historic environment
106(3)
Improving municipal finances
109(5)
Transfers and taxes
109(2)
Tariff policies
111(1)
Municipalities in the capital market
112(2)
Enhancing service delivery
114(9)
The need for reform and new concepts
114(1)
PPP with international firms
115(2)
Private local service providers
117(2)
Community-based alternatives
119(4)
Creating functioning housing finance services
123(7)
The role of the formal finance sector
123(1)
Micro-finance for housing
124(4)
Subsidies for housing
128(2)
Enabling a livelihood
130(6)
Informal is Normal
130(2)
Pro-poor policies
132(1)
Financial services for the poor
133(3)
Key areas in pro-poor urban development
136(2)
5. THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION 138(27)
Rationale for support to urban development
139(4)
A vision of hope
139(1)
Strategic reasons for urban development cooperation
140(3)
Policy framework
143(5)
International commitments
143(1)
Changing paradigms in development cooperation
143(2)
Failure and success of urban policies
145(3)
Objective and approaches
148(4)
Objective for urban development cooperation
148(1)
Perspectives and approaches
149(3)
Strategic focus
152(9)
Urban issues and national policies
152(1)
Reaching impact at the local level
153(1)
Donor harmonization
154(1)
Key areas
155(2)
Tool box
157(4)
Funding needs
161(2)
Total needs and current investments
161(1)
ODA contributions
161(2)
A final word
163(2)
ANNEXES
Tables
165(15)
Urban population by regions
165(3)
A1 Percentage of urban population
A2 Average annual urban growth rate (per cent)
A3 Urban population (thousands)
Urban population in selected countries
168(8)
A4 Percentage of urban population
A5 Average annual urban growth rate (per cent)
A6 Urban population (thousands)
A7 The largest urban agglomerations in selected countries 2005
Megacities and fast growing cities
176(2)
A8 Population of the 15 largest cities
A9 The 10 largest urban agglomerations 1950-2015
A10 The world's fastest growing large cities 1950-2000
Municipal finance
178(2)
A11 Sub-national governments' share of total government revenues and expenditures.
Definitions 180(2)
Acronyms 182(2)
References 184(6)
About the authors 190


Goran Tanerfeldt, Architect SAR/MSA, is a senior advisor on urban development with more than forty years of international experience and has been the initiator and head of the Urban Division of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Per Ljung is Chairman and CEO of PM Global Infrastructure, a firm that specializes in infrastructure reform and financing, and he has been head of the World Bank's operational division dealing with urban development in North Africa and the Middle East as well as chief of its central unit for policy development and research in urban development.