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xiii | |
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xxi | |
Preface |
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xxiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxvii | |
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1 | (12) |
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Statement of the Boundary Value Problem |
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2 | (1) |
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Ritz Finite Element Method |
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2 | (2) |
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Petrov-Galerkin's Finite Element Method |
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4 | (1) |
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Time-Harmonic Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions |
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4 | (4) |
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Boundary conditions at material interfaces |
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5 | (1) |
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Boundary conditions at the enclosing boundary |
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6 | (1) |
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Uniqueness in the presence of impedance boundaries |
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7 | (1) |
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Present and Future Challenges in Finite Element Modeling |
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8 | (5) |
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Hierarchical Basis Functions for Triangles and Tetrahedra |
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13 | (48) |
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The Importance of Proper Choice of Finite Element Bases |
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14 | (5) |
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Two-Dimensional Finite Element Spaces |
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19 | (5) |
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Two-dimensional potential space |
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19 | (1) |
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Two-dimensional field space |
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20 | (3) |
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Two-dimensional flux space |
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23 | (1) |
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Two-dimensional charge space |
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24 | (1) |
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Relationship Among 2D Finite Element Spaces |
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24 | (2) |
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Gradient, Curl and Divergence Matrices for 2D Finite Element Spaces |
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26 | (1) |
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Three-Dimensional Finite Element Spaces |
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27 | (22) |
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Three-dimensional potential space |
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28 | (3) |
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Three-dimensional field space |
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31 | (8) |
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Three-dimensional flux space |
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39 | (9) |
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Three-dimensional charge space |
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48 | (1) |
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Relationship Among 3D Finite Element Spaces |
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49 | (2) |
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Gradient, Curl and Divergence Matrices for 3D Finite Element Spaces |
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51 | (1) |
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The Spaces HP(curl) and HP(div) |
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52 | (2) |
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The Issue of Orthogonality in Hierarchical Bases |
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54 | (7) |
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Finite Element Formulations of Electromagnetic BVPs |
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61 | (50) |
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Electrostatic Boundary Value Problems |
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63 | (8) |
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Governing equations and boundary conditions |
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63 | (2) |
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Weak statement of the electrostatic BVP |
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65 | (3) |
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The case of unbounded domains |
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68 | (3) |
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Magnetostatic Boundary Value Problems |
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71 | (14) |
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Governing equations and boundary conditions |
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71 | (3) |
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Weak statement of the magnetostatic BVP |
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74 | (3) |
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Existence of solution (solvability) |
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77 | (5) |
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82 | (3) |
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Magneto-Quasi-Static (Eddy-Current) Problems |
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85 | (6) |
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Governing equations and boundary conditions |
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86 | (1) |
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Electric field formulation |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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Full-Wave Boundary Value Problems |
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91 | (5) |
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Governing equations and boundary conditions |
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91 | (1) |
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Electric field formulation |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Model |
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96 | (15) |
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Electric field integral equation |
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96 | (3) |
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Development of the PEEC model |
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99 | (2) |
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The case of surface current flow |
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101 | (2) |
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Low-frequency numerical instability |
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103 | (8) |
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Iterative Methods, Preconditioners, and Multigrid |
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111 | (34) |
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112 | (4) |
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Vector space, inner product, and norm |
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112 | (1) |
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Matrix eigenvalues and eigenvectors |
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113 | (1) |
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Properties of Hermitian matrices |
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114 | (1) |
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Positive definite matrices |
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115 | (1) |
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Independence, invariant subspaces, and similarity transformations |
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115 | (1) |
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Iterative Methods for the Solution of Large Matrices |
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116 | (3) |
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117 | (1) |
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Convergence of iterative methods |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Generalized Minimum Residual Method |
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119 | (4) |
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Conjugate Gradient Method |
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123 | (5) |
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The Preconditioner Matrix |
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128 | (3) |
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The Jacobi preconditioner |
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128 | (1) |
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The symmetric Gauss-Seidel preconditioner |
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129 | (1) |
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Incomplete LU factorization |
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130 | (1) |
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Multigrid Process and Its Use as a Preconditioner |
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131 | (14) |
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133 | (5) |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (4) |
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Nested Multigrid Preconditioner |
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145 | (14) |
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Weak Statement of the Two-Dimensional Helmholtz Equation |
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145 | (3) |
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146 | (1) |
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Scattered field formulation |
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147 | (1) |
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Development of the Finite Element System |
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148 | (1) |
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Nested Multigrid Preconditioner |
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149 | (1) |
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Intergrid Transfer Operators |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (6) |
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Plane wave scattering by a PEC cylinder |
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153 | (1) |
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Plane wave scattering by dielectric cylinder |
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154 | (1) |
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Plane wave scattering by electrically large cylinders |
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155 | (4) |
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Nested Multigrid Vector and Scalar Potential Preconditioner |
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159 | (56) |
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Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Scattering |
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161 | (18) |
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Two-dimensional field formulation -- TEz case |
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161 | (2) |
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The finite element matrix and its properties |
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163 | (3) |
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Two-dimensional potential formulation |
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166 | (3) |
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Nested multigrid potential preconditioner |
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169 | (2) |
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Two-dimensional intergrid transfer operators |
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171 | (4) |
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175 | (4) |
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Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Scattering |
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179 | (16) |
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Three-dimensional field formulation |
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179 | (2) |
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Three-dimensional potential formulation |
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181 | (1) |
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Nested multigrid potential preconditioner |
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182 | (1) |
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Three-dimensional intergrid transfer operators |
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183 | (6) |
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Grid truncation via a boundary integral operator |
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189 | (2) |
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Approximate boundary integral equation preconditioner |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (2) |
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Finite Element Modeling of Passive Microwave Components |
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195 | (13) |
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Electromagnetic ports and associated boundary condition |
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195 | (4) |
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Transfinite-element boundary truncation |
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199 | (5) |
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Nested multigrid potential TFE preconditioner |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (2) |
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Symmetry of the Nested Multigrid Potential Preconditioner |
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208 | (7) |
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Potential smoothing operators |
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209 | (1) |
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Symmetric nested two-grid potential preconditioner |
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210 | (5) |
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Hierarchical Multilevel and Hybrid Potential Preconditioners |
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215 | (20) |
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Higher-Order Field Formulation |
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216 | (2) |
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Higher-Order Potential Formulation |
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218 | (3) |
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Hierarchical Multilevel Potential Preconditioner |
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221 | (1) |
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Hybrid Multilevel/Multigrid Potential Preconditioner |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (6) |
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Symmetric Hierarchical Multilevel Potential Preconditioner |
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230 | (2) |
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Potential smoothing operations |
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230 | (1) |
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Symmetric hierarchical two-level potential preconditioner |
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231 | (1) |
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Key Attributes of Multigrid and Multilevel Potential Preconditioners |
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232 | (3) |
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Krylov-Subspace Based Eigenvalue Analysis |
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235 | (18) |
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235 | (2) |
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Methods Based on Krylov Subspace Projection |
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237 | (3) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (4) |
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Deflation techniques for symmetric matrices |
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240 | (2) |
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Deflation techniques for non-symmetric matrices |
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242 | (2) |
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Non-standard Eigenvalue Problems |
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244 | (6) |
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Generalized eigenvalue problems |
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244 | (5) |
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Quadratic eigenvalue problems |
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249 | (1) |
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Shift-and-Invert Preconditioner |
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250 | (3) |
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Two-Dimensional Eigenvalue Analysis of Waveguides |
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253 | (42) |
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FEM Formulations of the Two-Dimensional Eigenvalue Problem |
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254 | (4) |
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Mathematical statement of the 2D vector eigenvalue problem |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (3) |
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Transverse-Longitudinal-Field Methods |
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261 | (13) |
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261 | (2) |
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Potential TLF formulation |
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263 | (4) |
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Computer algorithms for eigenvalue calculation |
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267 | (4) |
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271 | (3) |
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Transverse-Transverse-Field Method |
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274 | (10) |
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Finite element formulation |
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274 | (6) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (3) |
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Equivalent Transmission-Line Formalism for Planar Waveguides |
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284 | (11) |
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Multi-conductor transmission line theory |
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285 | (5) |
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S-parameter representation of a section of an MTL |
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290 | (5) |
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Three-Dimensional Eigenvalue Analysis of Resonators |
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295 | (26) |
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FEM Formulation of the Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Eigenvalue Problem |
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296 | (7) |
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Finite element approximation: The case of symmetric material tensors |
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297 | (2) |
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Finite element approximation: The case of Hermitian material tensors |
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299 | (3) |
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Lumped parallel resonant circuit |
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302 | (1) |
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Eigensolver for Lossless Media |
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303 | (4) |
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Elimination of spurious DC modes |
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304 | (1) |
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Extraction of multiple modes |
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305 | (2) |
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Eigensolver for Lossy Media |
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307 | (6) |
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Elimination of spurious DC modes |
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309 | (2) |
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Extraction of multiple modes |
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311 | (2) |
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Multigrid/Multilevel Eigenvalue Analysis |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (8) |
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Model Order Reduction of Electromagnetic Systems |
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321 | (44) |
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Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation |
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324 | (4) |
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Krylov Subspace-Based Model Order Reduction |
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328 | (7) |
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329 | (3) |
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Arnoldi process: SISO system |
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332 | (1) |
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Arnoldi process: MIMO system |
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333 | (2) |
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Passive Reduced-Order Interconnect Macromodeling Algorithm (PRIMA) |
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335 | (7) |
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Preservation of moments in PRIMA |
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336 | (2) |
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Preservation of passivity |
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338 | (1) |
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Error estimate in model order reduction |
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339 | (1) |
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Pole-residue representation of the reduced order model |
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340 | (2) |
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Model Order Reduction of Electric Field-Based Finite Element Models |
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342 | (5) |
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Adaptive Lanczos-Pade sweep |
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345 | (2) |
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Maxwell's Curl Equations-Based Model Order Reduction |
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347 | (6) |
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Passivity of discrete model |
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348 | (1) |
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Incorporation of lumped elements |
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349 | (2) |
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Prima-based model order reduction |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (12) |
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Finite Element Analysis of Periodic Structures |
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365 | (36) |
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Finite Element Formulation of the Scattering and Radiation Problem |
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366 | (2) |
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Computational Domain Truncation Schemes |
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368 | (9) |
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Space harmonics expansion of EM fields |
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369 | (2) |
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Grid truncation using transfinite flements |
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371 | (1) |
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Grid truncation using anisotropic perfectly matched layers |
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372 | (5) |
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Finite Element Approximation Inside the Unit Cell |
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377 | (1) |
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Periodic Boundary Condition |
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378 | (6) |
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Multilevel/Multigrid Preconditioner |
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384 | (3) |
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387 | (6) |
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Finite Element Modeling of Periodic Waveguides |
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393 | (3) |
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396 | (5) |
Appendix A: Identities and Theorems from Vector Calculus |
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401 | (3) |
Index |
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404 | |