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El. knyga: Multilingualism in the Andes: Policies, Politics, Power

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"This illuminating book critically examines multicultural language politics and policymaking in the Andean-Amazonian countries of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, demonstrating how issues of language and power throw light on the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state. Based on the author's research in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia over several decades, Howard draws comparisons over time and space. With due attention to history, the book's focus is situated in the years following the turn of the millennium, a period in which ideological shifts have affected continuity in official policy delivery even as processes of language shift from Indigenous languages such as Aymara and Quechua, to Spanish, have accelerated. The book combines in-depth description and analysis of state-level activity with ethnographic description of responses to policy on the ground. The author works with concepts of technologies of power and language regimentation to draw out the hegemonic workings of power as exercised through language policy creation at multiple scales. This book will be key reading for students and scholars of critical sociolinguistic ethnography, the history, society and politics of the Andean region, and linguistic anthropology, language policy and planning, and Latin American studies more broadly"--

This illuminating book critically examines multicultural language politics and policymaking in the Andean-Amazonian countries of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, demonstrating how issues of language and power throw light on the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state.

Based on the author’s research in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia over several decades, Howard draws comparisons over time and space. With due attention to history, the book’s focus is situated in the years following the turn of the millennium, a period in which ideological shifts have affected continuity in official policy delivery even as processes of language shift from Indigenous languages such as Aymara and Quechua, to Spanish, have accelerated. The book combines in-depth description and analysis of state-level activity with ethnographic description of responses to policy on the ground. The author works with concepts of technologies of power and language regimentation to draw out the hegemonic workings of power as exercised through language policy creation at multiple scales.

This book will be key reading for students and scholars of critical sociolinguistic ethnography, the history, society and politics of the Andean region, and linguistic anthropology, language policy and planning, and Latin American studies more broadly.



This illuminating book critically examines multicultural language politics and policymaking in the Andean-Amazonian countries of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, demonstrating how issues of language and power throw light on the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state.

Recenzijos

"This is an excellent book, rich in insights and socio-linguistic and educational analysis of Andean contexts...and it challenges educationalists to look beyond the formal education sector to the language work of Indigenous youth and new educational spaces for the validation and promotion of Indigenous languages in a digital age." - Sheila Aikman, University of East Anglia, UK, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education

List of Figures
viii
List of tables
ix
Preface xi
Luis Enrique Lopez
Acknowledgements xiv
List of acronyms
xvi
PART I Setting the scene
1(82)
1 Introduction
3(15)
A colonial prelude
3(2)
The multilingual states of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
5(1)
The scope of my research in the Andean region
6(2)
The ethnographic and cross-disciplinary nature of the research
8(4)
Historical roots of Indigenous language policy in the Andes
12(2)
Indigenous social movements in Latin America and scholarly responses
14(1)
Indigenous language policy in the Andes today
15(1)
The view of language guiding my research
15(2)
The structure of the book
17(1)
2 Languages, peoples, places
18(27)
Introduction
18(3)
The cultural positioning of the self in the Andes
21(9)
Languages and peoples: a geographical view
30(11)
Final remarks: Indigenous people, language, and the environment
41(4)
3 Language policies, politics, and power
45(38)
Introduction
45(2)
The field of language policy research
47(2)
Language and power
49(2)
Institutional arrangements for the governance of the plural state
51(2)
Legislative instruments for the regimentation of Indigenous languages
53(10)
Paradigms of diversity: shifting discourses of the plural state
63(8)
Language policy and the technologies of power
71(7)
Final remarks
78(5)
PART II Language and power in the education sphere
83(94)
Indigenous education in the Andes: Comparative introduction
84(3)
4 The policies and politics of Indigenous education in Ecuador
87(28)
Introduction
87(1)
1940s-1960s: Dolores Cacuango and the clandestine schools
87(1)
1960s-1988: Agrarian Reform and the path to Indigenous mobilisation
88(1)
1988-2006: The peak years of IBE in Ecuador
89(6)
2007-2017: IBE in the Citizen Revolution years
95(13)
IBE teacher training programmes and Indigenous Universities
108(3)
Indigenous education in Ecuador since 2017
111(1)
Final remarks
112(3)
5 The policies and politics of Indigenous education in Peru
115(25)
Introduction
115(1)
1900-1930: Indigenismo, education and the "civilising" process
116(1)
1930-1970: Expanding westernisation and Hispanisation
117(1)
1970-1990: Education policy for a multilingual and pluricultural reality
118(2)
1990-2006: Neoliberalism meets the politics of identity
120(1)
2006-2011: An anti-Indigenous turn
121(1)
2011-2020: Envisioning a multilingual state
122(2)
Managing sociolinguistic diversity in policy and practice
124(12)
Final remarks
136(4)
6 The policies and politics of Indigenous education in Bolivia
140(37)
Introduction
140(1)
The twentieth century up until the 1952
Revolution
141(2)
1952 to 1982 including periods of military rule
143(1)
1982 return to democracy until 2005
144(5)
Evo Morales's presidency 2006-2019
149(16)
Final remarks
165(3)
Indigenous education in the Andes: Comparative summary
168(9)
PART III Language in (post-)colonial spaces
177(70)
7 Literacy, textualisation, and mediatisation
179(36)
Introduction
179(2)
Literacy in the colonial period
181(2)
Ideologies of literacy and symbolic power
183(2)
Graphisation of Andean Indigenous languages
185(15)
Vernacular literacies in present times
200(6)
Andean Indigenous languages in literature, popular culture, and media
206(4)
Final remarks
210(5)
8 Translation and interpreting: From past to present
215(28)
Introduction
215(1)
Theoretical considerations and the Andean context
216(1)
Interpreting, translation, and asymmetries of power: Three vignettes
217(4)
Interpreting and translation in historical perspective
221(5)
Translation and interpreting in the post-millennial period
226(13)
Final remarks
239(4)
9 Concluding reflections: Paradoxes of diversity
243(4)
Glossary of terms 247(2)
List of legislative instruments 249(3)
References 252(27)
Index 279
Rosaleen Howard is Professor Emerita in the School of Modern Languages at Newcastle University with specialism in Latin American Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Anthropology. Editor of Creating Context in Andean Cultures (Oxford University Press, 1997) and co-editor of Knowledge and Learning in the Andes: Ethnographic Perspectives (Liverpool University Press, 2002). Author of Por los linderos de la lengua: ideologķas lingüķsticas en los Andes (Institute of Peruvian Studies, Lima, 2007) and Beyond the lexicon of difference: Discursive Performance of Identity in the Andes, Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, 4 (1): 1746, 2009.
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