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El. knyga: Muscular and Skeletal Anomalies in Human Trisomy in an Evo-Devo Context: Description of a T18 Cyclopic Fetus and Comparison Between Edwards (T18), Patau (T13) and Down (T21) Syndromes Using 3-D Imaging and Anatomical Illustrations

, (Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA), , (Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA), (Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA), (Johns Hopkins University, Washington, District of Colum), ,
  • Formatas: 222 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Feb-2015
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498711388
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Muscular and Skeletal Anomalies in Human Trisomy in an Evo-Devo Context: Description of a T18 Cyclopic Fetus and Comparison Between Edwards (T18), Patau (T13) and Down (T21) Syndromes Using 3-D Imaging and Anatomical IllustrationsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 222 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Feb-2015
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498711388
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This book focuses on human anatomy and medicine and specifically on both muscular and skeletal birth defects in humans with trisomy. Moreover, this book also deals with Down syndrome, which is one of the most studied human syndromes and, due to its high incidence and the fact that individuals with this syndrome often live until adulthood, is of special interest to the scientific and medical community.





This new line of inquiry is addressed to a wide audience, including medical researchers, physicians, surgeons, medical and dental students, pathologists, and pediatricians, among others, while also being of interest to developmental and evolutionary biologists, anatomists, functional morphologists, and zoologists.
Preface v
Acknowledgements vii
1 Topics and Purpose of this Book
1(8)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The ontology, phylogeny and clinical importance of muscle variation seen in the light of the myology of human aneuploid syndromes
1(2)
1.3 Table 1---Examples of muscle variations and their clinical correlations in karyotypically normal humans
3(2)
1.4 Trisomies 18, 13, and 21, cyclopia, and lack of comparative myological studies
5(1)
1.5 Order versus randomness in evolution and birth defects
6(1)
1.6 Serial homology, integration, forelimbs and hindlimbs
6(1)
1.7 Developmental constraints, muscle attachments, facial muscles, and the present study
7(2)
2 The Musculoskeletal System of a 28-week Human Trisomy 18 Cyclopia Fetus
9(17)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Back, shoulder and arm
9(1)
2.3 Left forearm/hand
10(1)
2.4 Right forearm/hand
11(1)
2.5 Legs and feet
11(1)
2.6 Neck and head, including extraocular muscles
12(1)
2.7 Bones of the cranium
13(1)
2.8 Table 2---Muscular anomalies in 28-week Trisomy 18 cyclopic fetus compared with documented cases of Trisomies 18, 13, and 21
14(12)
3 Comparative Anatomy of Muscular Anomalies in Trisomies 13, 18, and 21
26(33)
3.1 Introduction
26(1)
3.2 Head and neck
26(1)
3.3 Back and pectoral region
27(1)
3.4 Upper limb
28(1)
3.5 Lower limb
29(1)
3.6 Table 3---Muscular anomalies reported by other authors in Trisomies 18, 13 and 21
30(29)
4 Cyclopia, Trisomic Anomalies, and Order versus Chaos in Development and Evolution
59(8)
4.1 Introduction
59(1)
4.2 Cyclopia and eye musculature
59(1)
4.3 Development, trisomy, cyclopia, and muscles
60(2)
4.4 Integration and limb serial homology
62(1)
4.5 Facial muscles and topological position versus developmental anlage in the cyclopic head
63(1)
4.6 "Logic of monsters", homeostasis, and order versus chaos in development and evolution
64(3)
5 Digits and Muscles: Topology-Directed Muscle Attachment
67(5)
5.1 Introduction
67(2)
5.2 Tetrapod limbs, digits, muscles, and homeotic transformations
69(1)
5.3 Birth defects, limb muscles, non-pentadactyly, and implications for human medicine
70(2)
6 Evolutionary Mechanisms and Mouse Models for Down Syndrome
72(9)
6.1 Introduction
72(1)
6.2 Evolutionary reversions, Dollo's law, and human evolution
73(1)
6.3 Atavisms, birth defects, "recapitulation", adaptive plasticity, and developmental constraints
74(2)
6.4 Future directions: Down syndrome, muscle dysfunction, mouse models, genetics, and apoptosis
76(5)
Illustrations 81(62)
References 143(10)
Appendix A Dissection Photographs of Trisomy 18 Human Cyclopia Fetus 153(24)
Appendix B 3-D Renders of Trisomy 18 Human Cyclopia Fetus CT Scan Data 177(8)
Index 185(3)
About the Authors 188(3)
Color Plate Section 191
Diogo, Rui; Smith, Christopher M.; Ziermann, Janine M.; Molnar, Julia; Gondre-Lewis, Marjorie C.; Sandone, Corinne; Bersu, Edward T.; Aziz, Mohammed Ashraf
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