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1 | (14) |
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1.1 Introduction: Motivation for Nanowires |
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1 | (5) |
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1.1.1 Importance of One-Dimensional Materials |
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2 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Synthetic Challenges and Initial Design |
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4 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Nanotechnology |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2 Micron-Scale Whiskers: VLS Concept |
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6 | (2) |
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1.2.1 Concept and Key Results |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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1.3.1 Top-Down Lithography-Based Si Nanopillars |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Nanowiskers by Vapor Phase Epitaxy |
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9 | (1) |
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1.4 Beginning of Rapid Growth: Vapor-Phase Nanocluster Catalyzed Growth |
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10 | (5) |
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11 | (4) |
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2 General Synthetic Methods |
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15 | (24) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Laser-Assisted Catalytic Growth |
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16 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition |
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18 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Chemical Vapor Transport |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Molecular Beam Epitaxy |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Vapor-Solid-Solid Growth |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2.7 Oxide-Assisted Growth |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
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2.3.1 Formation Inside Nanopores |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Templating Against Self-assembled Structures |
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25 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Construction on Existing Nanostructures |
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25 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Superlattice Nanowire Pattern Transfer |
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26 | (1) |
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2.4 Solution-Based Methods |
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27 | (4) |
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2.4.1 Solution-Liquid-Solid Growth |
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27 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Supercritical Fluid-Liquid-Solid Growth |
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28 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Solvothermal/Hydrothermal Synthesis |
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29 | (1) |
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2.4.4 Directed Solution Phase Growth |
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30 | (1) |
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2.5 Future Directions and Challenges |
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31 | (8) |
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32 | (7) |
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3 Structure-Controlled Synthesis |
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39 | (30) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2 Homogeneous Nanowires |
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40 | (2) |
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3.3 Axial Modulated Structures |
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42 | (6) |
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42 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Semiconductor Heterojunctions |
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43 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Metal-Semiconductor Heterostructures |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (3) |
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3.3.5 Ultrashort Morphology Features |
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48 | (1) |
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3.4 Radial/Coaxial Modulated Structures |
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48 | (5) |
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3.4.1 Semiconductor Radial Structures |
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49 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Coaxial Modulated Structures |
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52 | (1) |
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3.5 Branched/Tree-Like Structures |
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53 | (7) |
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3.5.1 Sequential Catalyst-Assisted Growth |
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54 | (2) |
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3.5.2 Solution Growth on Existing Nanowires |
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56 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Phase Transition Induced Branching |
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56 | (2) |
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3.5.4 One-Step Self-catalytic Growth |
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58 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Screw Dislocation Driven Growth |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (3) |
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3.6.1 Undersaturation/Supersaturation-Induced Kinking |
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60 | (2) |
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3.6.2 Confinement-Guided Kinking |
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62 | (1) |
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3.7 Future Directions and Challenges |
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63 | (6) |
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64 | (5) |
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4 Hierarchical Organization in Two and Three Dimensions |
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69 | (34) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (20) |
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70 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Langmuir-Blodgett Method |
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72 | (5) |
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4.2.3 Blown Bubble Method |
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77 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Chemical Interactions for Assembly |
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78 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Assembly at Interfaces |
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79 | (2) |
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4.2.6 Electric/Magnetic Field-Based Methods |
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81 | (1) |
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4.2.7 PDMS Transfer Method |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (2) |
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4.2.9 Nanocombing-Based Assembly |
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87 | (2) |
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4.2.10 Other Assembly Methods |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (7) |
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4.3.1 Epitaxial Growth from Patterned Nanocluster Catalysts |
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90 | (5) |
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4.3.2 Substrate-Step-Directed Growth |
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95 | (2) |
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4.4 Future Directions and Challenges |
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97 | (6) |
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97 | (6) |
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5 Nanoelectronics, Circuits and Nanoprocessors |
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103 | (40) |
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5.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective |
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103 | (1) |
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5.2 Basic Nanoelectronic Devices |
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104 | (11) |
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5.2.1 Field-Effect Transistors |
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104 | (8) |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (14) |
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115 | (5) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (7) |
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129 | (7) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (3) |
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5.5 Future Directions and Challenges |
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136 | (7) |
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137 | (6) |
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143 | (34) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (8) |
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6.2.1 Photoluminescence from Nanowire Structures |
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144 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Nonlinear Processes |
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146 | (6) |
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152 | (16) |
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6.3.1 Nanowire Waveguides |
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152 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Nanoscale Light-Emitting Diodes |
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153 | (3) |
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6.3.3 Optically-Pumped Nanowire Lasers |
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156 | (10) |
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6.3.4 Electrically-Pumped Nanowire Lasers |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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6.4 Future Directions and Challenges |
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168 | (9) |
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169 | (8) |
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177 | (26) |
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177 | (2) |
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7.2 Quantum Dot Systems in Semiconductor Nanowires |
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179 | (13) |
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7.2.1 Configurations of Quantum Dot Systems in Nanowires |
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179 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Basic Electronic Properties of Quantum Dots |
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181 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Single Quantum Dots in Nanowires |
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182 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Coupled Quantum Dots in Nanowires |
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184 | (3) |
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7.2.5 g-Factor and Spin-Orbit Interaction |
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187 | (5) |
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7.3 Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Devices |
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192 | (4) |
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7.3.1 Josephson Junctions |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (2) |
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7.4 Topological Insulators |
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196 | (1) |
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7.5 Future Directions and Challenges |
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197 | (6) |
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198 | (5) |
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8 Nanowire-Enabled Energy Storage |
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203 | (24) |
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203 | (1) |
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8.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries |
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204 | (10) |
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205 | (6) |
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211 | (3) |
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8.3 Electrochemical Capacitors |
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214 | (5) |
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219 | (1) |
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8.5 Future Directions and Challenges |
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219 | (8) |
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220 | (7) |
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9 Nanowire-Enabled Energy Conversion |
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227 | (28) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (10) |
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9.2.1 Nanowire Arrays for Enhanced Light Absorption |
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229 | (4) |
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9.2.2 Radial Junction Nanowires for Enhanced Carrier Separation |
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233 | (3) |
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9.2.3 Tuning Band Gaps of III-V Compounds |
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236 | (2) |
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9.3 Photoelectrochemical Conversion/Photocatalysis |
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238 | (6) |
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9.3.1 Si Nanowire-Based Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting |
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239 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Dual-Band Gap Artificial Photosynthesis |
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240 | (4) |
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244 | (2) |
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9.5 Piezoelectric Effects |
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246 | (2) |
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9.6 Future Directions and Challenges |
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248 | (7) |
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248 | (7) |
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10 Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Sensors |
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255 | (22) |
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255 | (1) |
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10.2 Fundamental Principles of Field-Effect Transistor Sensors |
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256 | (2) |
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10.3 Examples of Nanoelectronic Sensors |
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258 | (5) |
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258 | (2) |
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10.3.2 Nucleic Acid Detection |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Small Molecule Detection |
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262 | (1) |
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10.4 Methods for Enhancing the Sensitivity of Nanowire Sensors |
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263 | (8) |
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10.4.1 3D Branched Nanowires for Enhanced Analyte Capture Efficiency |
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263 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Detection in the Subthreshold Regime |
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263 | (2) |
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10.4.3 Reducing the Debye Screening Effect |
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265 | (2) |
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10.4.4 Electrokinetic Enhancement |
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267 | (1) |
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10.4.5 Frequency Domain Measurement |
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267 | (2) |
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10.4.6 Nanowire--Nanopore Sensors |
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269 | (1) |
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10.4.7 Double-Gate Nanowire Sensors |
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270 | (1) |
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10.4.8 Detection of Biomolecules in Physiological Fluids |
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270 | (1) |
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10.5 Future Directions and Challenges |
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271 | (6) |
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272 | (5) |
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11 Nanowire Interfaces to Cells and Tissue |
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277 | (30) |
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277 | (1) |
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11.2 Nanowire/Cell Interfaces and Electrophysiological Recording |
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278 | (12) |
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11.2.1 Traditional Extracellular Electrophysiological Recording |
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278 | (2) |
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11.2.2 Nanowire Transistors for Extracellular Recording |
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280 | (4) |
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11.2.3 Intracellular and Intracellular-like Electrophysiological Recording |
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284 | (6) |
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11.3 Nanowire-Tissue Interfaces and Electrophysiological Recording |
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290 | (10) |
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11.3.1 Acute Brain Slice Studies with Nanowire Transistors |
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291 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Cardiac Tissue Studies with Nanowire Transistors |
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291 | (2) |
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11.3.3 3D Nano--Bioelectronic Hybrids |
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293 | (5) |
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11.3.4 Injectable Electronics |
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298 | (2) |
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11.4 Future Directions and Challenges |
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300 | (7) |
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301 | (6) |
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12 Conclusions and Outlook |
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307 | (4) |
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309 | (2) |
Curriculum Vitae |
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311 | (4) |
Index |
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315 | |