Preface |
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I. Carotid and Vertebrobasilar Occlusive Disease |
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Overview of ultrasound in cerebrovascular disease patients |
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3 | (4) |
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Quantification of carotid stenosis: a fiction? |
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7 | (10) |
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Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of carotid occlusive disease |
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17 | (8) |
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New developments in four-dimensional ultrasonography for the assessment of carotid disease |
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25 | (6) |
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Three-dimensional ultrasound angiography (power mode) for the quantification of carotid artery atherosclerosis |
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31 | (6) |
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Plaque volume measurements of carotid artery using a magnetic sensor system |
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37 | (8) |
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Ultrasound densitometric analysis of carotid plaque composition: patho-anatomic correlation© |
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45 | (8) |
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Diurnal systolic blood pressure variability is the strongest predictor of early carotid atherosclerosis |
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53 | (6) |
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CW, PW and color Doppler for the evaluation of the carotid degree of stenosis |
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59 | (8) |
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Assessing carotid artery stenosis by Doppler- and colour-coded duplex sonography |
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67 | (6) |
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Quantification of obstructions in distal vertebral arteries or basilar artery with extracranial duplex color-flow imaging |
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73 | (6) |
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Hemodynamic factors and clinical course in patients affected by extracranial carotid occlusion |
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79 | (5) |
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Long-term hemodynamic effects of internal carotid artery dissection |
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84 | (7) |
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Course of cerebral hemodynamics in carotid occlusion |
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91 | (6) |
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Rationale of platelet pharmacology in haemodynamics |
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97 | (6) |
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Collateral circulation and NIRS changes in patients for carotid endarterectomy |
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103 | (5) |
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Early changes of haemodynamics after carotid endarterectomy |
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108 | (10) |
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High-dose heparin does not lead to better recanalisation of an occluded ICA |
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118 | (7) |
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Asymptomatic carotid stenosis and the risk of stroke (The ACSRS Study): identification of a high-risk group |
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125 | (10) |
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II. Clinical Impact of Ultrasonography and Imaging Techniques |
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Functional MRI and PET activation studies on the human cortical motor system |
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135 | (9) |
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144 | (6) |
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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in chronic hydrocephalus: new aspects |
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150 | (6) |
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Regional cerebral perfusion and its reserve compared to CT findings in 100 patients with cerebrovascular disease |
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156 | (6) |
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Colour duplex measurement of total cerebral blood flow: reference data from childhood to adulthood |
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162 | (8) |
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Common carotid artery volume flow evaluation: comparison of color flow M-mode ultrasound and two-dimensional cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging |
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170 | (7) |
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Potential of transcranial Doppler and single photon emission computed tomography for assisting triage for thrombolytic trials in acute stroke |
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177 | (6) |
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99mTc-HMPAO SPECT and TCD in systemic sclerosis |
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183 | (7) |
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Circle of Willis: evaluation of its anatomy with MR angiography versus intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography |
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190 | (9) |
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Applications of a transcranial Doppler area index |
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199 | (10) |
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The influence of age and gender on the complexity of transcranial Doppler waveforms |
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209 | (6) |
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Effect of hyperventilation on the diameter and blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery: A TCD and MR study |
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215 | (6) |
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Sensitivity and specificity of flow velocity ratios for the diagnosis of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Preliminary report |
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221 | (7) |
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The haemodynamic effect of vasospasm complicating subarachnoid haemorrhage |
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228 | (5) |
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Flow velocity increase in SAH patients. Vasospasm or hyperemia? |
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233 | (6) |
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TCD monitoring of the effects of endovascular treatment for vasospasm |
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239 | (4) |
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Transcranial Doppler respiratory intervention test in sleep apnea syndrome |
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243 | (5) |
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The contribution of Doppler ultrasonography to the diagnosis of epilepsy |
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248 | (7) |
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Hemodynamic properties of brain circulation in dementia |
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255 | (5) |
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Posterior circulation vessel stenosis in bacterial meningitis |
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260 | (6) |
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Evaluation of intracranial hemodynamics in severe ischemic stroke patients |
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266 | (5) |
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Transcranial Doppler flow velocity measurements in acute focal cerebral ischemia in the rabbit |
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271 | (8) |
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III. Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasonography |
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Transcranial color-coded sonography in cerebral parenchymal disorders |
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279 | (17) |
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Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in cerebrovascular disease |
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296 | (5) |
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Alteration of the basal limbic system in primary and secondary depression |
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301 | (5) |
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Cerebral venous anatomy in transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography. What is possible by non-contrast-enhanced TCCD? |
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306 | (6) |
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Normal hemodynamics in cerebral veins and sinuses: a transcranial color-coded duplex sonography study |
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312 | (8) |
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What advantages has power Doppler imaging in comparison with frequency-based transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography in the evaluation of cerebral aneurysms? |
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320 | (6) |
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The influence of ICP on the appearance of intracranial aneurysms demonstrated by power colour TCD |
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326 | (4) |
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Hemodynamic evaluation of various brain lesions based on blood flow volume estimated by power Doppler imaging |
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330 | (9) |
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Preliminary experience with three-dimensional reconstruction of brain images by ultrasound in neonates and infants |
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339 | (8) |
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IV. Detection of Cerebral Emboli |
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Methodological aspects of microembolic signal detection |
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347 | (8) |
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Discrimination and characterization of emboli: old and new aspects |
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355 | (9) |
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Automatic cerebral embolus detection using dual-gate Doppler |
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364 | (10) |
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Evaluation of multigate Doppler system in a flow model |
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374 | (6) |
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A novel method of identifying gaseous emboli using fractional harmonics |
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380 | (5) |
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Clinical applications of microemboli detection in cerebrovascular disease |
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385 | (8) |
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Detection of clinically silent circulating emboli by transcranial Doppler ultrasound: technical and clinical aspects |
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393 | (5) |
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Microembolic signals and hemorheology. A pilot study |
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398 | (8) |
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Dynamic of microembolic signals in acute stroke patients: a prospective TCD study |
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406 | (6) |
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Microemboli detection in patients with intracranial artery disease |
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412 | (4) |
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MCA embolus detection in cerebrovascular asymptomatic probands |
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416 | (4) |
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Prevalence of cerebral emboli in patients with carotid artery disease |
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420 | (5) |
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Transcranially detected cerebral embolism in acute MCA-occlusion: mechanism of arterio-arterial embolic stroke |
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425 | (4) |
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Microembolism in patients with recent cerebral ischemia and aortic arch atheroma |
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429 | (6) |
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TCD detection of cerebral emboli in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a 1-year follow-up survey |
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435 | (6) |
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Microembolic signals in patients with mono- and bileaflet prosthetic heart valves |
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441 | (4) |
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Detection of cerebral microembolism in the antiphospholipid syndrome |
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445 | (6) |
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Embolization in the posterior circulation: TCD diagnosis |
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451 | (8) |
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Methodological aspects of contrast-TCD in the detection of right-to-left shunts |
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459 | (9) |
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Pitfalls and problems of TCD-diagnosis of patent foramen ovale |
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468 | (7) |
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Factors influencing the sensitivity of the contrast-TCD method in the detection of right-to-left shunts |
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475 | (8) |
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Is transcranial Doppler sonography reliable in the detection of a patent foramen ovale? |
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483 | (7) |
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Clinical significance of a patent foramen ovale in younger stroke patients |
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490 | (4) |
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Distribution of ultrasonic contrast medium predicts the territory of cerebral infarction |
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494 | (6) |
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Ultrasound contrast enhancement with EchoGen® in carotid diagnosis |
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500 | (4) |
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Improvement of color-coded duplex sonography in patients with insufficient acoustic bone window using the new echo contrast agent BY963: a safety study |
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504 | (5) |
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Echo-enhanced transcranial three-dimensional color Doppler imaging |
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509 | (9) |
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Echocontrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded sonography in clinically suspected thrombosis of the transverse sinus |
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518 | (7) |
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VI. Evoked Flow and Functional Testing |
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Bilateral transcranial Doppler monitoring during intracarotid amobarbital test (Wada test) |
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525 | (4) |
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TCD study of hemispheric dominance |
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529 | (5) |
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Evoked flow changes and language lateralisation during reading tests |
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534 | (7) |
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The response requirements of nonlanguage problems modulate cerebral hemodynamics |
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541 | (7) |
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Visually evoked perfusion changes in the posterior cerebral artery during activation of various visual field sections |
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548 | (9) |
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Repetitive magnetic brain stimulation of the human visual cortex leads to neuronal activation without elicitation of cortical phosphenes |
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557 | (6) |
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Indices of MCA flow using transcranial Doppler ultrasound during hypocapnia in humans |
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563 | (7) |
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Is impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity a predictive factor of stroke? |
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570 | (6) |
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Noninvasive diagnosis of impairment of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with stroke-risk factors |
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576 | (7) |
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Maintenance of human basal cerebral blood flow is nitric oxide dependent |
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583 | (5) |
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The validity of Muller-Casty index in the determination of volume flow in basal cerebral arteries |
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588 | (4) |
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Reactivity in the basilar artery in hindbrain ischaemia |
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592 | (7) |
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VII Cerebral Autoregulation Testing |
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Multimodal monitoring and autoregulation testing in neurosurgical patients |
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599 | (6) |
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Autoregulation monitoring by analysis of spontaneous TCD and blood pressure waves |
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605 | (6) |
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Evaluation of a transient hyperaemic response test as a reliable method for testing autoregulation -- comparison against the cuff test |
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611 | (7) |
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Transient hyperaemic response: a quantitative assessment |
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618 | (6) |
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Cerebral hemodynamics during tilt-table test and Valsalva maneuver |
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624 | (8) |
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Continuous monitoring of cerebral autoregulation in head injury |
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632 | (6) |
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Cerebral autoregulation testing by transcranial Doppler in severe head injury |
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638 | (5) |
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Evaluation of cerebral autoregulation in high-grade SAH patients |
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643 | (6) |
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Testing cerebral autoregulation in patients operated on aneurysm and angiomas |
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649 | (9) |
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Cerebral autoregulation in Parkinson's disease measured by transcranial Doppler monitoring |
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658 | (3) |
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Transcranial Doppler sonography monitoring of orthostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson's disease: effects of domperidone |
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661 | (6) |
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Assessment of cerebral autoregulation in cirrhotic patients with ascites |
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667 | (6) |
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Tilting test in neonates: a noninvasive test for the assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation by continuous transcranial Doppler sonography |
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673 | (4) |
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Experimental investigation on cerebral circulation: autoregulatory mechanisms |
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677 | (8) |
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VIII. Cerebral Monitoring |
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The effects of a stroke unit and the clinical significance of acute blood pressure, diabetes, blood sugar, body temperature and spontaneous reperfusion on stroke outcome |
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685 | (9) |
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The development of stroke units in Germany |
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694 | (5) |
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Influence of anesthesia and sedation on cerebral hemodynamics |
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699 | (12) |
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Noninvasive simulation of intracranial pressure curves using transcranial Doppler sonography and blood pressure curves |
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711 | (7) |
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Detection of central and peripheral B- and M-waves with transcranial and laser Doppler-sonography |
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718 | (5) |
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Interrelation of slow rhythmic oscillations in blood pressure, ICP and cerebral oxygenation |
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723 | (9) |
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Monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation during carotid surgery: a comparison with near infrared spectroscopy |
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732 | (4) |
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High jugular venous oxygen saturation and cerebral hemodynamics in severe head injured patients |
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736 | (6) |
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Slow variability of cerebral blood flow velocities disappears in infants during halothane anesthesia |
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742 | (5) |
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Lower threshold of cerebral blood flow velocities in tachyarrhythmia-induced syncope |
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747 | (4) |
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TCD monitoring during liver transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure |
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751 | (8) |
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Hyperperfusion syndrome and perioperative hemodynamic parameters in carotid surgery |
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759 | (6) |
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Five-year experience with TCD monitoring of carotid endarterectomies |
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765 | (12) |
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Color section |
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777 | (28) |
List of contributors |
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805 | (34) |
Subject index |
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839 | |