El. knyga: Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Transport and Rate Processes in Physical & Biological Systems

Preface		x
Equilibrium thermodynamics		1	(23)
Basic definitions		1	(1)
Reversible and irreversible processes		2	(2)
Equilibrium		4	(2)
Fundamental equations		5	(1)
Thermodynamic equilibrium		6	(1)
Thermodynamic laws		6	(4)
The zeroth law of thermodynamics		6	(1)
The first law of thermodynamics		7	(1)
The second law of thermodynamics		8	(2)
Entropy and entropy production		10	(4)
The Gibbs equation		14	(3)
Equations of state		17	(1)
Thermodynamic potentials		18	(6)
Cross relations		19	(3)
Extremum principles		22	(1)
References		23	(1)
Transport and rate processes		24	(35)
Introduction		24	(1)
Nonequilibrium systems		25	(3)
Kinetic approach		28	(1)
Transport phenomena		29	(17)
Momentum transfer		30	(7)
Heat transfer		37	(4)
Mass transfer		41	(5)
The Maxwell-Stefan equations		46	(1)
Transport coefficients		47	(1)
Electric charge flow		48	(2)
The relaxation theory		50	(1)
Chemical reactions		51	(2)
Coupled processes		53	(6)
References		58	(1)
Linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics		59	(25)
Introduction		59	(1)
Local thermodynamic equilibrium		60	(1)
Second law of thermodynamics		61	(5)
Phenomenological equations		66	(10)
Flows and forces		67	(9)
Curie-Prigogine principle		76	(1)
Dissipation function		76	(4)
Variation of entropy production		80	(4)
References		83	(1)
Balance equations and entropy generation		84	(18)
Introduction		84	(11)
The mass balance equations		87	(3)
The momentum balance equations		90	(1)
The energy balance equations		91	(3)
The entropy balance equations		94	(1)
Entropy generation equation		95	(7)
References		101	(1)
Entropy and exergy		102	(22)
Entropy		102	(3)
Entropy balance		103	(2)
Exergy		105	(19)
Exergy balance		108	(5)
Flow exergy		113	(2)
Exergetic (second law) efficiency		115	(4)
Chemical exergy		119	(2)
Depletion number		121	(2)
References		123	(1)
Using the second law of thermodynamics		124	(62)
Introduction		124	(1)
Second law analysis		125	(4)
Optimization problem		127	(2)
Heat and fluid flow		129	(22)
Case studies		131	(20)
Heat and mass transfer		151	(6)
Case studies		154	(3)
Chemical reactions and reacting flows		157	(11)
Case studies		160	(8)
Separation		168	(18)
Extraction		169	(2)
Distillation		171	(7)
Case studies		178	(5)
References		183	(3)
Thermoeconomics		186	(20)
Introduction		186	(1)
Thermodynamic analysis		187	(2)
Thermodynamic optimum		189	(11)
Exergy analysis		190	(6)
Exhaustion of renewable resources		196	(2)
Ecological cost		198	(2)
Availability		200	(1)
Exergy destruction number		201	(1)
Equipartition and optimization		202	(4)
References		205	(1)
Diffusion		206	(28)
Introduction		206	(1)
Maxwell-Stefan diffusivity		207	(13)
Diffusion in nonelectrolyte systems		220	(2)
Diffusion in electrolyte systems		222	(4)
Irreversible processes in electrolyte systems		226	(8)
References		233	(1)
Heat and mass transfer		234	(25)
Introduction		234	(1)
Heat and mass transfer		235	(6)
Heat of transport		241	(3)
Degree of coupling		244	(1)
Coupling in liquid mixtures		245	(14)
Coupling in binary liquid mixtures		246	(6)
Coupling in ternary liquid mixtures		252	(5)
References		257	(2)
Chemical reactions		259	(11)
Introduction		259	(1)
Dissipation for chemical reactions		259	(7)
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics		264	(2)
Coupled chemical reactions		266	(4)
Two-Reaction coupling		267	(2)
References		269	(1)
Membrane transport		270	(23)
Introduction		270	(1)
Passive transport		270	(17)
Composite membranes		280	(6)
Electrokinetic effect		286	(1)
Facilitated transport		287	(3)
Active transport		290	(3)
References		291	(2)
Thermodynamics and biological systems		293	(63)
Introduction		293	(1)
Mitochondria		294	(4)
Bioenergetics in mitochondria		298	(2)
Oxidative Phosphorylation		300	(4)
Proper pathways		304	(3)
Multiple inflection points		307	(2)
Coupling in mitochondria		309	(10)
Variation of coupling		317	(2)
Thermodynamic regulation in bioenergetics		319	(5)
Uncoupling		321	(1)
Slipping		322	(1)
Potassium channels		323	(1)
Metabolic control analysis		323	(1)
Facilitated transport		324	(7)
Kinetic formulation		325	(4)
Nonequilibrium thermodynamic approach		329	(2)
Active transport		331	(16)
Molecular evolution		347	(1)
Molecular machines		348	(2)
Evolutionary criterium		350	(6)
References		352	(4)
Other thermodynamic approaches		356	(17)
Introduction		356	(1)
Network thermodynamics with bond graph		356	(11)
Transport processes		357	(8)
Chemical processes		365	(2)
Mosaic in nonequilibrium thermodynamics		367	(2)
Rational thermodynamics		369	(4)
References		372	(1)
Extended nonequilibrium thermodynamics		373	(22)
Introduction		373	(1)
Stability		374	(5)
Ordering in physical structures		379	(4)
Ordering in convection		379	(2)
Ordering in chemical reactions		381	(2)
Ordering in biological structures		383	(4)
Ordering in time: Biological clocks		383	(4)
Bifurcation		387	(2)
Extended nonequilibrium thermodynamics		389	(6)
References		393	(2)
Appendix		395	(10)
Symbols		405	(2)
Index		407

Dr. Yaar Demirel earned his PhD degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Birmingham, UK in 1981. He carried out research and scholarly work at the University of Delaware between 1999 and 2001. He worked at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg as a visiting professor between 2002 and 2006. Currently, he is a professor in the Department of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. He has accumulated broad teaching and research experience over the years in diverse fields of engineering. Dr. Demirel authored and co-authored 11 books, four book chapters, and more than 170 research papers. The fourth edition of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics was published in 2019. The third edition of the book titled Energy: Production, Conversion, Storage, Conservation, and Coupling” was published in 2021. He co-authored the book Sustainable Engineering” to be published in early 2023 by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis. He has obtained several awards and scholarships and presented invited seminars. Summarizes new applications of thermodynamics as tools for design and optimisation

Covers second law and exergy analysis for sustainable development

Promotes understanding of the coupled phenomena of natural processes