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Nonperturbative Topological Phenomena in QCD and Related Theories 1st ed. 2021 [Minkštas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 520 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 825 g, 123 Illustrations, color; 45 Illustrations, black and white; XXIII, 520 p. 168 illus., 123 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Serija: Lecture Notes in Physics 977
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Mar-2021
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 3030629899
  • ISBN-13: 9783030629892
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Nonperturbative Topological Phenomena in QCD and Related Theories 1st ed. 2021Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 520 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 825 g, 123 Illustrations, color; 45 Illustrations, black and white; XXIII, 520 p. 168 illus., 123 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Serija: Lecture Notes in Physics 977
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Mar-2021
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 3030629899
  • ISBN-13: 9783030629892
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783030629892.html
This book introduces a variety of aspects in nonperturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), focusing on the topological objects present in gauge theories. These objects, like magnetic monopoles, instantons, instanto-dysons, sphalerons, QCD flux tubes, etc, are first introduced individually and, later, treated collectively. As ensembles, they produce various phenomena that can be modeled numerically in lattice gauge theories and such collective effects, produced on the lattice, are extensively discussed in some chapters. In turn, the notion of duality, which is crucial in modern field/string theories, is elucidated by taking into consideration the electric-magnetic duality, the Poisson duality, and the AdS/CFT duality.





This monograph is based on various lectures given by Edward Shuryak at Stony Brook during the last three decades and it is meant for advanced graduate students and young researchers in theoretical and mathematical physics who are willing to consolidate theirknowledge in the topological phenomena encountered in fundamental QCD research.
1 Introduction
1(24)
1.1 What Are the "Nonperturbative Topological Phenomena"?
1(4)
1.2 Brief History of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories and Quantum Chromodynamics
5(4)
1.3 Introduction to Chiral Symmetries and Their Breaking
9(3)
1.3.1 Spontaneous Breaking of the SU(Nf)A Symmetry
10(1)
1.3.2 The Fate of U(1)A Symmetry
11(1)
1.4 Introduction to Color Confinement
12(6)
1.4.1 Polyakov Lines
13(1)
1.4.2 Wilson Lines and Vortices
14(3)
1.4.3 Hadronic Matter at T < Tc and the Hagedorn Phenomenon
17(1)
1.5 Particle-Monopoles, Including the Real-Time (Minkowskian) Applications
18(1)
1.6 Instantons and Its Constituents, the Instanton-Dyons
18(2)
1.7 Interrelation of Various Topology Manifestations and the Generalized Phase Diagrams
20(1)
1.8 Which Quantum Field Theories Will We Discuss?
21(2)
References
23(2)
2 Monopoles
25(20)
2.1 Magnetic Monopoles in Electrodynamics
25(3)
2.2 The Non-Abelian Gauge Fields and t' Hooft-Polyakov Monopole
28(4)
2.3 Polyakov's Confinement in Three Dimensions
32(2)
2.4 Electric-Magnetic Duality
34(4)
2.5 Lattice Monopoles in QCD-like Theories
38(3)
2.6 Brief Summary
41(1)
References
42(3)
3 Monopole Ensembles
45(34)
3.1 Classical Charge-Monopole Dynamics
46(2)
3.2 Monopole Motion in the Field of Several Charges
48(2)
3.3 Strongly Coupled QGP as a "Dual" Plasma with Monopoles
50(1)
3.4 Jet Quenching Due to Jet-Monopole Scattering
50(3)
3.5 Quantum-Mechanical Charge-Monopole Scattering Problem
53(7)
3.6 Quark and Gluon Scattering on Monopoles and Viscosity of QGP
60(2)
3.7 Transport Coefficients from Binary Quantum Scattering
62(4)
3.8 Monopoles and the Flux Tubes
66(3)
3.8.1 Flux Tubes on the Lattice, at Zero T, and Near Tc
67(1)
3.8.2 Does the Tc Indeed Represent the Monopole Condensation Temperature?
68(1)
3.8.3 Constructing the Flux Tubes in the "Normal" Phase
68(1)
3.9 Lattice Studies of the Bose-Einstein Condensation of Monopoles at the Deconfinement Transition
69(4)
3.10 Quantum Coulomb Gases Studied by Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC)
73(3)
3.11 Brief Summary
76(1)
References
76(3)
4 Fermions Bound To Monopoles
79(10)
4.1 Fermionic Zero Modes
79(3)
4.2 Chiral Symmetry Breaking by Monopoles
82(3)
4.3 More on Fermions Bound to Monopoles, in the SUSY World and Perhaps Beyond
85(2)
4.4 Brief Summary
87(1)
References
88(1)
5 Semiclassical Theory Based On Euclidean Path Integral
89(46)
5.1 Euclidean Path Integrals and Thermal Density Matrix
89(4)
5.1.1 Generalities
89(3)
5.1.2 The Harmonic Oscillator
92(1)
5.2 Euclidean Minimal Action (Classical) Paths: Fluctons
93(5)
5.3 Quantum/Thermal Fluctuations in One Loop
98(6)
5.4 Two and More Loops
104(5)
5.5 Path Integrals and the Tunneling
109(4)
5.6 The Zero Modes and the Dilute Instanton Gas
113(4)
5.7 Quantum Fluctuations Around the Instanton Path
117(3)
5.8 Trans series and Resurgence
120(5)
5.9 Complexification and Lefschetz Thimbles
125(7)
5.9.1 Elementary Examples Explaining the Phenomenon
125(3)
5.9.2 Quasi-Exactly Solvable Models and the Necessity of Complex Saddles
128(4)
5.10 Brief Summary
132(1)
References
133(2)
6 Gauge Field Topology And Instantons
135(38)
6.1 Chern--Simons Number and Topologically Nontrivial Gauges
135(2)
6.2 Tunneling in Gauge Theories and the BPST Instanton
137(16)
6.2.1 The Theta-Vacua
140(2)
6.2.2 The One-Loop Correction to the Instanton: The Bosonic Determinant
142(2)
6.2.3 Propagators in the Instanton Background
144(4)
6.2.4 The Exact NSVZ Beta Function for Supersymmetric Theories
148(3)
6.2.5 Instanton-Induced Contribution to the Renormalized Charge
151(2)
6.3 Single Instanton Effects
153(5)
6.3.1 Quarkonium Potential and Scattering Amplitudes
153(5)
6.4 Fermionic Transitions During Changes of Gauge Topology
158(11)
6.4.1 The Fermionic Zero Mode of the Instanton
158(2)
6.4.2 Electroweak Instantons Violate Baryon and Lepton Numbers
160(1)
6.4.3 Instanton-Induced ('t Hooft) Effective Lagrangian
160(5)
6.4.4 Instanton-Induced Quark Anomalous Chromomagnetic Moment
165(1)
6.4.5 Instanton-Induced Diquark--Quark Configurations in the Nucleon
166(1)
6.4.6 Instanton-Induced Decays of ηc and Scalar/Pseudoscalar Glueballs
167(1)
6.4.7 Instanton-Induced Spin Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions
168(1)
6.5 Brief Summary
169(1)
References
170(3)
7 Topology On The Lattice
173(12)
7.1 Global Topology: The Topological Susceptibility and the Interaction Measure
173(2)
7.2 "Lattice Cooling" and Instantons
175(7)
7.3 A "Constrained Cooling": Preserving the Polyakov Line Value
182(1)
7.4 Brief Summary
183(1)
References
183(2)
8 Instanton Ensembles
185(18)
8.1 Qualitative Introduction to the Instanton Ensembles
185(1)
8.2 The Dilute Gas of Individual Instantons
186(2)
8.3 The "Instanton Liquid Model" (ILM)
188(2)
8.4 Statistical Mechanics of the Instanton Ensembles
190(10)
8.4.1 Instanton Ensemble in the Mean Field Approximation (MFA)
191(3)
8.4.2 Diquarks and Color Superconductivity
194(1)
8.4.3 Instantons for Larger Number of Colors
195(5)
8.5 Brief Summary
200(1)
References
201(2)
9 Qcd Correlation Functions And Topology
203(38)
9.1 Generalities
203(9)
9.1.1 Definitions and an Overall Picture
203(2)
9.1.2 Small Distances: Perturbative Normalization of the Correlators
205(2)
9.1.3 Dispersion Relations and Sum Rules
207(2)
9.1.4 Flavor and Chirality Flow: Combinations of Correlators
209(2)
9.1.5 General Inequalities Between the One-Quark-Loop Correlators
211(1)
9.2 Vector and Axial Correlators
212(5)
9.3 The Pseudoscalar Correlators
217(2)
9.4 The First Order in the 't Hooft Effective Vertex
219(2)
9.5 Correlators in the Instanton Ensemble
221(9)
9.5.1 Mesonic Correlators
223(5)
9.5.2 Baryonic Correlation Functions
228(2)
9.6 Comparison to Correlators on the Lattice
230(3)
9.7 Gluonic Correlation Functions
233(3)
9.8 Wave Functions
236(1)
9.9 Brief Summary
237(3)
References
240(1)
10 Light-Front Wave Functions, Exclusive Processes And Instanton-Induced Quark Interactions
241(28)
10.1 Quark Models of Hadrons
241(2)
10.2 Light-Front Observables
243(1)
10.3 Quark Models on the Light Front: Mesons in the qq Sector
244(1)
10.4 Quark Models on the Light Front: Baryons as qqq States
245(5)
10.5 Quark Models on the Light Front: Pentaquarks and the Five-Quark Sector of Baryons
250(5)
10.6 Hard and Semihard Exclusive Processes
255(12)
10.6.1 Vector Form Factors of the Pseudoscalar Mesons
260(2)
10.6.2 Scalar Form Factors of the Pseudoscalar Mesons
262(2)
10.6.3 Form Factors of Transversely Polarized Vector Mesons
264(3)
10.7 Brief Summary
267(1)
References
268(1)
11 The Topological Landscape And The Sphaleron Path
269(24)
11.1 The Sphalerons
269(1)
11.2 Instanton-Antiinstanton Interaction and the "Streamline" Set of Configurations
270(3)
11.3 From the Instanton-Antiinstanton Configurations to the Sphaleron Path
273(2)
11.4 The Sphaleron Path from a Constrained Minimization
275(5)
11.5 Sphaleron Explosions
280(7)
11.6 Chiral Anomaly and Sphaleron Explosions
287(3)
11.7 Brief Summary
290(2)
References
292(1)
12 Sphaleron Transitions In Big And Little Bangs
293(24)
12.1 Electroweak Sphalerons and Primordial Baryogenesis
293(13)
12.1.1 Introduction to Cosmological Baryogenesis
293(2)
12.1.2 Electroweak Phase Transition
295(1)
12.1.3 Sphaleron Size Distribution
296(1)
12.1.4 The Hybrid (Cold) Cosmological Model and Sphalerons
297(3)
12.1.5 Effective Lagrangian for CP Violation
300(3)
12.1.6 The CP Violation in the Background of Exploding Sphalerons
303(2)
12.1.7 Electroweak Sphaleron Explosion: Other Potential Observables
305(1)
12.2 QCD Sphalerons
306(8)
12.2.1 Sphaleron Transitions at the Initial Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions
306(3)
12.2.2 Sphalerons from Instant Perturbations
309(1)
12.2.3 QCD Sphalerons in Experiments
310(2)
12.2.4 Diffractive Production of Sphalerons
312(2)
12.3 Brief Summary
314(1)
References
314(3)
13 Chiral Matter
317(10)
13.1 Examples of Chiral Matter
317(2)
13.2 Electrodynamics in a CP-Violating Matter
319(3)
13.3 Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) and the Chiral Anomaly
322(2)
13.4 Chiral Vortical Effect
324(1)
13.5 The Chiral Waves
325(1)
13.6 Brief Summary
325(1)
References
325(2)
14 Instanton-Dyons
327(32)
14.1 The Polyakov Line and Confinement
327(4)
14.1.1 Generalities
327(1)
14.1.2 The Free Energy of the Static Quark on the Lattice
328(1)
14.1.3 The Color Phases
329(2)
14.2 Semiclassical Instanton-Dyons
331(4)
14.2.1 The Instanton-Dyon Field Configuration
331(4)
14.3 Instanton-Dyon Interactions
335(8)
14.3.1 Large-Distance Coulomb
335(1)
14.3.2 The Dyon-Antidyon Classical Interaction
335(8)
14.4 The Partition Function in One Loop
343(3)
14.4.1 Electric Screening
343(2)
14.4.2 The One-Loop Measure, Perturbative Coulomb Corrections and the "Core"
345(1)
14.5 Fermionic Zero Modes
346(8)
14.5.1 How Quark Zero Modes Are Shared Between the Dyons
346(1)
14.5.2 The Zero Mode for the Fundamental Fermion
347(6)
14.5.3 Fermionic Zero Mode for a Set of Self-Dual Dyons
353(1)
14.6 Instanton-Dyons on the Lattice Are Seen via Their Fermionic Zero Modes
354(3)
14.7 Brief Summary
357(1)
References
357(2)
15 Instanton-Dyon Ensembles
359(24)
15.1 Deformed QCD and Dilute Ensembles with Confinement
359(8)
15.1.1 Perturbative Holonomy Potential and Deformed QCD
359(2)
15.1.2 The Instanton-Dyons in Na = 1 QCD (or N = 1 SYM)
361(2)
15.1.3 QCD(adj) with Na > 1 at Very Small Circle: Dilute Molecular (or "bion") Ensembles
363(2)
15.1.4 QCD(adj) with Na = 2 and Periodic Compactification on the Lattice
365(2)
15.2 Dense Dyon Plasma in the Mean Field Approximation
367(3)
15.3 Statistical Simulations of the Instanton-Dyon Ensembles
370(4)
15.3.1 Holonomy Potential and Deconfinement in Pure Gauge Theory
370(2)
15.3.2 Instanton-Dyon Ensemble and Chiral Symmetry Breaking
372(2)
15.4 QCD with Flavor-Dependent Quark Periodicity Phases
374(5)
15.4.1 Imaginary Chemical Potentials and Roberge-Weiss Transitions
374(2)
15.4.2 Z(Nc) QCD
376(1)
15.4.3 Roberge-Weiss Transitions and Instanton-Dyons
377(2)
15.5 Brief Summary
379(1)
References
380(3)
16 The Poisson Duality Between The Particle-Monopole And The Semiclassical (Instanton) Descriptions
383(10)
16.1 The Rotator
384(3)
16.2 Monopoles Versus Instantons in Extended Supersymmetry
387(2)
16.3 Monopole-Instanton Duality in QCD
389(1)
16.4 Brief Summary
390(2)
References
392(1)
17 The Qcd Flux Tubes
393(36)
17.1 History
393(2)
17.2 The Confining Flux Tubes on the Lattice vs the "Dual Superconductor" Model
395(4)
17.3 Regge Trajectories and Rotating Strings
399(3)
17.4 Flux Tubes and Finite Temperatures: The Role of Monopoles
402(3)
17.5 Effective String Theory (EST) Versus Precise Lattice Data
405(5)
17.6 The Stringy Pomeron
410(7)
17.7 Interaction of QCD Strings: Lattice, AdS/QCD, and Experiments
417(3)
17.8 String Balls
420(6)
17.9 Brief Summary
426(1)
References
427(2)
18 Holographic Gauge-Gravity Duality
429(30)
18.1 D-branes
430(1)
18.2 Brane Perturbations Induce Effective Gauge Theories
431(2)
18.3 Brane Constructions
433(3)
18.3.1 A Stack of D3 Branes
433(1)
18.3.2 The Seiberg-Witten Curve from the Branes
433(3)
18.4 Brane Interactions
436(2)
18.5 AdS/CFT Correspondence
438(7)
18.6 Holography at Work
445(8)
18.6.1 A Hologram of a Point Space-time Source: An Instanton
446(2)
18.6.2 A Hologram of the Maldacena Dipole
448(1)
18.6.3 A Hologram of a Particle Falling in the Bulk
449(4)
18.6.4 "Holographic e+e- Collisions" Show no Signs of Jets!
453(1)
18.7 Thermal AdS/CFT and Strongly Coupled Plasma
453(2)
18.8 Brief Summary
455(1)
References
456(3)
19 Holographic Qcd
459(18)
19.1 Witten and Sakai-Sugimoto Models
459(3)
19.2 Using Gauge Instantons as Baryonic Solitons
462(1)
19.3 Confining Holographic Models with "Walls" in the Infrared
463(4)
19.4 The "Domain Wall" in the Ultraviolet?
467(1)
19.5 Improved Holographic QCD
467(5)
19.6 QCD Strings and Multi-String "Spaghetti"
472(2)
19.7 Brief Summary
474(1)
References
474(3)
20 Summary
477(12)
20.1 Semiclassical Theory
477(2)
20.2 The QCD Vacuum and Instantons
479(1)
20.3 Magnetic Monopoles and the Near-Tc QCD Matter as a Dual Plasma
480(2)
20.4 Instanton-Dyons, Deconfinement and Chiral Restoration Phase Transitions
482(1)
20.5 The "Poisson Duality" Between the Monopole-Based and the Instanton-Dyon-Based Descriptions
483(3)
20.6 Holography and QCD Strings
486(1)
References
487(2)
A Conventions for Fields in Euclidean vs Minkowskian Space-Time
489(4)
A.1 The Gauge Fields
489(1)
A.2 Fermionic Path Integrals
490(1)
A.3 Quark Fields
491(2)
B Perturbative QCD
493(6)
B.1 Renormalization Group and Asymptotic Freedom
493(3)
B.2 Gross-Pisarski-Yaffe One-Loop Free Energy for Nonzero Holonomy
496(3)
C Instanton-Related Formulae
499(6)
C.1 Instanton Gauge Potential
499(1)
C.2 Fermion Zero Modes and Overlap Integrals
500(1)
C.3 Group Integration and Fierz Transformations
501(4)
D Some Special Theories
505(4)
D.1 Gauge Theory with the Exceptional Group G2
505(1)
D.2 N = 2 SYM and SQCD, and their Seiberg-Witten Solution
506(2)
D.2.1 The Field Content and RG Flows
506(1)
D.2.2 The Moduli
506(2)
D.2.3 Singularities for N = 2 QCD
508(1)
D.3 N = 4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory
508(1)
E AdS/CFT Correspondence
509(6)
E.1 Black Holes and Branes
509(1)
E.2 Colors and the Brane Stack, the Road to AdS/CFT
509(2)
E.3 Propagators in AdSs
511(2)
E.4 Nonzero Temperatures in Holography
513(2)
Bibliography 515(2)
Index 517
Edward Shuryak was born in 1948 and grew up in Odessa, Ukraine. Winning the second place in Siberian Mathematics Olympiad, he was admitted into a special high school in 1964 and then into Novosibirsk State University, where he graduated in 1970 in Physics. Under the supervision of S.T. Belyaev, Shuryak received his Ph.D. in 1974 from the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, where he continued on as a researcher while simultaneously teaching at Novosibirsk State University. He became a full professor in 1982, the year in which he also gave the first series of lectures at CERN about quark-gluon plasma, a new form of matter for which he proposed the name in a 1978 paper. He moved to the United States in 1990 and became Professor of Physics at Stony Brook University, leading the Nuclear Theory Center. In 2004, Shuryak was promoted to Distinguished Professor, the highest academic appointment rank in the State University of New York system. 





Shuryak is theauthor or co-author of nearly 400 papers which in total have been cited more than 32,000 times; four of these papers have been cited more than 1,000 each, and another nine have been cited more than 500 times each. His H-index is about 87, according to Google Scholar.





The outstanding scientific achievements of Edward Shuryak have been recognized internationally. He was elected as Fellow of American Physical Society in 1996, "for his seminal contributions to the study of the quark-gluon plasma". He was the 2004 recipient of the Dirac Medal from University of New South Wales in Australia and the 2005 recipient of the A. von Humboldt Prize from Germany. More recently at the 2018 APS April Meeting, he was awarded the 2018 Herman Feshbach Prize in Theoretical Nuclear Physics, "for his pioneering contributions to the understanding of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, and for establishing the foundations of the theory of quark-gluon plasma and its hydrodynamical behavior".