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El. knyga: Nuclear Renaissance: Technologies and Policies for the Future of Nuclear Power

(University of Cambridge, UK)
  • Formatas: 324 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jun-2022
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000595024
  • Formatas: 324 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jun-2022
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000595024

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Nuclear power is low carbon and reliable, but in recent years it has struggled to play a strong role in global plans for electricity generation in the 21st century. Many of those involved with nuclear power and environmental agencies see controlled expansion of nuclear plants as the most environmentally friendly way of meeting growing energy demands. In the UK policy makers must recognise concerns around severe accidents and radioactive wastes and balance these against the risks arising from other energy technologies. In addition, energy policy-makers must ensure that energy supplies remain affordable for all in society. How might new nuclear power stations help meet emerging policy needs?

This second edition of Nuclear Renaissance: Technologies and Policies for the Future of Nuclear Power continues to examine the future of nuclear power in the contexts of economics, environmental sustainability, and security of electricity supplies. Fully updated with the latest technologies and concerns, this comprehensive guide illustrates the technical challenges and opportunities facing nuclear power.

This semi-technical overview of modern technologies meets the growing interest from scientists, environmentalists, and governments in the potential expansion of nuclear power. Various countries are starting to announce plans for new nuclear plants, either to replace those being decommissioned, to provide additional power or to contribute to the decarbonisation of especially challenging industrial activities. In the 2020s many commentators, once again, point to a renaissance just beginning.

Nuclear Renaissance: Technologies and Policies for the Future of Nuclear Power is essential reading for physicists, engineers, policy-makers, researchers, energy analysts and graduate students in energy sciences, engineering and public policy.

Key features











Fully updated throughout, with new content on topics including the latest developments in fission and fusion energy, the global financial crisis of 2008/2009, and the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident.





Accessible to readers without a formal education in the area





Authored by an authority in the field

Recenzijos

"Open University Professor Bill Nuttalls updated version of his 2005 Nuclear Renaissance book makes a case for nuclear power as low carbon and reliable, although, as the promotional blurb says, it accepts that in recent years it has struggled to play a strong role in global plans for electricity generation in the 21st century. The new book also accepts that the much-hyped renaissance didnt in the event happen - with Fukushima blowing it off course The blurb says that now many of those involved with nuclear power and environmental agencies see controlled expansion of nuclear plants as the most environmentally friendly way of meeting growing energy demands. This is a book for themThe new book is quite comprehensive (though there is not much on load following) and is mostly up to date, with revised coverage of most areas of development, including fusion and Generation IV reactors."

Professor Dave Elliott in Renew Extra Weekly (https://renewextraweekly.blogspot.com/2022/08/nuclear-renaissance-revisited. html)

"This excellent book by Bill Nuttall, Professor of Energy at the Open University, is a revised update of his earlier book from 2004. Much has changed in the interim technologies have evolved, and the politics of energy have developed, not least due to enhanced concern about climate change and the 2011 Fukushima accident so an extensive re-write has been required. The book has a UK focus but includes international perspectives throughout. It is a pity that, in the period since the first edition was published, not much actual renaissance in the shape of new nuclear power stations has happened, but the author notes that projects such as Hinkley Point C and Rolls-Royce SMRs show that the renaissance is "far from still-born". After an introduction that reviews the current energy landscape, the book is divided

into three main sections: The Policy Landscape (covering energy policy and politics, new build and waste storage), Nuclear Fission Technologies (including EPR, AP1000, CANDU and ABWR, SMRs, HTRs, and

other advanced reactors), and Nuclear Fusion Technologies (a concise history of fusion so far). All sections provide a balanced and seemingly comprehensive overview of their chosen topics. The section on policy landscape includes a good discussion of the energy trilemma of economics, security of supply, and environment three issues which continue to dog policy makers in addition to an extensive discussion on radwaste management. The sections on fission and fusion technologies are thorough and concise yet cover all the main issues. Highly recommended." Jim Thomson (FNucl) in The Nuclear Future (Journal of the Nuclear Institute, November/December, 2022)

Author's Notes and Acknowledgements xiii
Glossary xv
Author xix
PART I Introduction
Chapter 1 Beginnings
3(14)
I.1.1 Nuclear Power's Darkest Hour?
4(3)
I.1.2 Severe Nuclear Accidents
7(10)
Chapter 2 Nuclear Renaissance: Progress and Prospects
17(24)
I.2.1 Keeping Nuclear Power on the Agenda 2005-2015
17(3)
I.2.2 Plants Are Being Built
20(2)
I.2.3 New Difficulties (2018-2019)
22(1)
I.2.4 Europe, Middle East, and Africa
23(3)
I.2.4.1 Brexit and Brexatom
26(1)
I.2.5 A New Way Forward for Nuclear Engineering?
26(1)
I.2.6 Generation IV
27(3)
I.2.7 The Challenge and Opportunity of Deep Decarbonisation
30(3)
I.2.7.1 Civil Nuclear Marine Propulsion
31(2)
I.2.8 Hydrogen and Deep Decarbonisation
33(2)
I.2.9 Processes Heat Applications--Potential Nuclear Technologies
35(6)
References and Notes - Part I
36(5)
PART II The Policy Landscape
Chapter 3 Issues in Energy Policy
41(16)
II.3.1 The Energy Policy Trilemma
42(12)
II.3.1.1 Economics
42(2)
II.3.1.2 Security of Supply
44(8)
II.3.1.3 Environment
52(2)
II.3.2 Beyond the Energy Policy Triangle
54(3)
Chapter 4 Issues Facing New Nuclear Build
57(32)
II.4.1 Nuclear Power--How Does It Work?
61(10)
II.4.2 Nuclear Power Economics
71(8)
II.4.2.1 Nuclear New Build Costs
74(2)
II.4.2.2 Economic Risks Matter as Much as High Costs
76(1)
II.4.2.3 The Importance of `Learning'
77(2)
II.4.3 Nuclear Power and the Atmosphere
79(5)
II.4.4 Reliability and Safety
84(1)
II.4.5 Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Security
85(1)
II.4.6 Nuclear Power Industry and Skills
86(1)
II.4.7 Concluding Thoughts
87(2)
Chapter 5 Nuclear Waste Management
89(38)
II.5.1 Introduction
89(3)
II.5.1.1 Generic Options for Radioactive Waste Management
91(1)
II.5.2 British Nuclear Waste Management
92(19)
II.5.2.1 Very Low Level Waste (VLLW)
92(1)
II.5.2.2 Low Level Waste (LLW)
92(1)
II.5.2.3 Intermediate-Level Waste (ILW)
93(1)
II.5.2.4 High Level Waste (HLW)
93(1)
II.5.2.5 The Scale of the UK Radioactive Waste Problem
93(2)
II.5.2.6 The Nature of the Hazard
95(2)
II.5.2.7 Key Elements from the History of UK Radioactive Waste Policy
97(2)
II.5.2.8 Other Problematic Radioactive Materials
99(1)
II.5.2.8.1 Spent Nuclear Fuel
99(1)
II.5.2.8.2 Depleted Uranium
100(1)
II.5.2.8.3 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORMs)
100(1)
II.5.2.9 Monitored Retrievability
101(1)
11.5.3 UK Plutonium
102(2)
II.5.3.1 Why Is Separated Civil Plutonium a Problem?
104(1)
II.5.3.2 Military Fissile Material
104(2)
11.5.3.3 Uranium-Plutonium Mixed-Oxide (MOX) Thermal Reactor Fuel
106(1)
II.5.3.4 Special Considerations Relating to UK Plutonium
107(1)
II.5.3.5 MOX-Based International Plutonium Transfers
107(2)
II.5.3.6 Thorium-Plutonium Mixed-Oxide Fuels
109(1)
II.5.3.7 Plutonium Utilisation in Fast Reactors
110(1)
II.5.3.8 Deep Geological Disposal of Plutonium
110(1)
II.5.4 Nuclear Decommissioning
111(1)
II.5.5 The US Radioactive Waste Experience
112(3)
II.5.5.1 US Waste Classifications
114(1)
II.5.6 The Scandinavian Experience
115(1)
II.5.7 Nuclear Renaissance and Nuclear Enlightenment
116(2)
II.5.8 Public Attitudes
118(9)
References and Notes--Part II
119(8)
PART III Nuclear Fission Technologies
Chapter 6 Water-Cooled Reactors
127(38)
III.6.1 Introduction
127(1)
III.6.2 European Pressurised Water Reactor (EPR)
128(5)
III.6.2.1 Hinkley Point, UK
128(1)
III.6.2.2 Origins of the EPR
128(1)
III.6.2.3 EPR Technology
129(1)
III.6.2.4 EPR around the World
130(1)
III.6.2.4.1 Olkiluoto, Finland
130(1)
III.6.2.4.2 Flamanville, France
131(1)
III.6.2.4.3 Taishan, China
132(1)
III.6.2.4.4 Evolutionary Pressurised Water Reactor in the United States
132(1)
III.6.3 Westinghouse--Advanced Passive Series
133(32)
III.6.3.1 Westinghouse Heritage
133(1)
III.6.3.2 Westinghouse AP Safety
133(2)
III.6.3.3 Modularisation
135(1)
III.6.3.4 Rapid Construction
135(1)
III.6.3.5 Improved Economics?
136(1)
III.6.3.6 Westinghouse's Nomadic Period
136(1)
III.6.3.7 AP1000 around the World
137(1)
III.6.3.7.1 AP1000 in China
137(1)
III.6.3.7.2 AP1000 in the United States
138(1)
III.6.3.7.3 AP1000 in the United Kingdom?
138(1)
III.6.4 Important Contributions from Russia and South Korea
139(1)
III.6.4.1 Rosatom VVER-1200
139(1)
III.6.4.2 South Korea
140(1)
III.6.5 Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors
141(1)
III.6.5.1 It Starts with `CANDU'
141(1)
III.6.5.2 CANDU International Construction Experience
141(1)
III.6.5.3 CANDU Modularity
142(1)
III.6.5:4 CANDU--A Simpler Approach
142(1)
III.6.5.5 Advanced CANDU Reactor
143(2)
III.6.5.6 The Advanced Fuel CANDU Reactor Concept
145(1)
III.6.5.7 CANDU: A Wholly Civilian Concept
145(1)
III.6.5.8 PHWR Technology and India
146(1)
III.6.5.9 CANDU in the United Kingdom?
147(1)
III.6.5.10 Isotope Production in PHWRs
148(1)
III.6.5.11 Weaknesses and Strengths of PHWRS
148(2)
III.6.6 Boiling Water Reactors
150(3)
III.6.6.1 The Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR)
153(2)
III.6.6.2 A Soviet Story
155(1)
III.6.7 Small Modular Reactors--Water-Cooled Technologies
156(1)
III.6.7.1 NuScale
156(2)
III.6.7.2 Rolls-Royce Led SMR Consortium
158(1)
III.6.7.3 Microreactors
159(1)
III.6.7.4 Civil Nuclear Marine Reactors
159(1)
III.6.7.5 Floating Nuclear Power Plants
160(1)
III.6.8 Looking Ahead--Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors (SCWR)
160(3)
III.6.9 Closing Thoughts on Water-Cooled Reactors
163(2)
Chapter 7 High-Temperature Reactors
165(24)
III.7.1 Generation IV Very High-Temperature Reactor
168(2)
III.7.2 Triso Fuel
170(19)
111.7.3 Pebble Bed HTGR
171(2)
III.7.3.1 The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor, South Africa
173(3)
III.7.3.2 High-Temperature Reactor Technology in China
176(2)
III.7.3.3 Criticisms of the Pebble Bed Concept
178(1)
III.7.4 Prismatic High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors
179(1)
III.7.4.1 Japan's High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor
179(3)
III.7.4.2 High-Temperature Reactors in the United States
182(3)
III.7.4.3 British Ambitions--U-Battery
185(1)
III.7.5 HTRs and Deep Decarbonisation
186(1)
III.7.5.1 Nuclear Hydrogen and HTRs
187(2)
Chapter 8 Advanced Fission Technologies and Systems
189(48)
III.8.1 The Fuel Cycle and Advanced Systems
189(2)
III.8.2 Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing
191(1)
III.8.3 Partitioning of Spent Nuclear Fuel
192(1)
III.8.3.1 Aqueous Methods
193(1)
III.8.3.2 Pyrochemical Separation
194(1)
III.8.3.3 Electrochemical Separation
195(1)
III.8.3.4 Physical Separation
195(1)
III.8.4 Nuclear Waste Transmutation
196(3)
III.8.4.1 Plutonium and the Minor Actinides
199(2)
III.8.4.2 Transmutation of Long-Lived Fission Products
201(1)
III.8.4.2.1 Technetium-99
201(1)
III.8.4.3 Caesium Isotopes
202(1)
III.8.5 Reprocessed Uranium
203(2)
III.8.6 Advanced Reactor Systems
205(1)
III.8.6.1 Accelerator-Driven Systems
205(3)
III.8.6.2 The Energy Amplifier
208(2)
III.8.6.3 Other ADS Activities in Europe
210(1)
III.8.6.4 Accelerator-Driven Systems in a Nuclear Renaissance
210(1)
III.8.7 Thorium as a Nuclear Fuel
211(1)
III.8.8 Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
212(1)
III.8.8.1 Stable Salt Reactor
213(1)
III.8.9 Fast Critical Reactors
214(1)
III.8.9.1 Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR)
215(1)
III.8.9.2 Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR)
216(1)
III.8.9.3 Lead Cooled Fast Reactor
217(6)
III.8.9.4 MYRRHA--Accelerator-Driven Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactor
223(1)
III.8.9.5 A Little-Known British Story
224(1)
References and Notes--Part III
224(13)
PART IV Nuclear Fusion Technologies
Chapter 9 Fusion
237(54)
IV.9.1 The Physics of Fusion
239(6)
IV.9.1.1 The Story of ZETA
242(1)
IV.9.1.2 A Soviet Breakthrough
242(3)
IV.9.2 Tokamak Fundamentals
245(1)
IV.9.3 Plasma Performance: Beta and the Triple Product
246(3)
IV.9.4 Blankets and Divertors
249(3)
IV.9.5 ITER
252(3)
IV.9.6 Spherical Tokamaks
255(4)
IV.9.6.1 M AST-U and the Super-X Divertor
258(1)
IV.9.7 Stellarators
259(1)
IV.9.8 Fusion, Geopolitics, and Globalisation
260(5)
IV.9.9 Fusion and Technological Spin-Off
265(4)
IV.9.10 Alice and the Red Queen Running
269(3)
IV.9.11 An Important Year--1997
272(2)
IV.9.12 Non-Electrical Applications of Fusion Energy
274(2)
IV.9.13 Other Approaches to Fusion Plasma Confinement
276(9)
IV.9.13.1 Inertial Confinement Fusion
276(1)
IV.9.13.2 Laser-Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion
277(3)
IV.9.13.3 Ion Beam Fusion
280(1)
IV.9.14 The Z-Pinch
281(1)
IV.9.14.1 The Hohlraum
281(1)
IV.9.14.2 The Z-Machine
282(3)
IV.9.15 Projectile Based Inertial Fusion
285(1)
IV.9.16 Fusion Conclusion
285(6)
References and Notes--Part IV
285(6)
Afterword 291(8)
Index 299
William Nuttall is Professor of Energy at the Open University. He is a specialist concerning the technology and policy issues of energy. He has a particular long-standing focus on matters of nuclear energy. Professor Nuttalls career started in experimental physics and this technical background informs his interests in energy and technology issues. He has been an author, or editor, of nine books and has published more than 80 journal articles. He is an experienced commentator for the media and he has offered advice to parliamentary, governmental and inter-governmental institutions. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Physics, a Fellow of Hughes Hall, a college of the University of Cambridge and a Non-Resident Fellow of the Payne Institute for Public Policy at Colorado School of Mines.