Preface |
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xiv | |
About the Authors |
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xxi | |
Reviewers |
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xxiii | |
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Chapter 1 Food Choices: Nutrients and Nourishment |
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2 | (24) |
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Why Do We Eat the Way We Do? |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Sensory Influences: Taste, Smell, and Texture |
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5 | (1) |
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Emotional and Cognitive Influences |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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The Standard American Diet |
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10 | (2) |
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Introducing the Nutrients |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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From Research Study to Headline |
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18 | (1) |
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Publishing Experimental Results |
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18 | (1) |
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From Journals to the Public |
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18 | (1) |
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Sorting Facts and Fallacies in the Media |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Nutrition Guidelines and Assessment |
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26 | (42) |
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Linking Nutrients, Foods, and Health |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Going Green: Is the American Diet Contributing to a Warmer Planet? |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
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31 | (1) |
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Dietary Guidelines Focus on Life Stages |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Make Every Bite Count with the Dietary Guidelines |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Ways to Incorporate the Dietary Guidelines into Your Daily Life |
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36 | (2) |
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From Dietary Guidelines to Planning: What You Will Eat |
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38 | (2) |
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FYI: MyPlate: Foods, Serving Sizes, and Tips |
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40 | (3) |
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Canada's Guidelines for Healthy Eating |
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43 | (1) |
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Using MyPlate or Canada's Food Guide in Diet Planning |
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44 | (2) |
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Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Recommendations for Nutrient Intake: The DRIs |
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47 | (1) |
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Understanding Dietary Standards |
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48 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Dietary Standards |
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48 | (1) |
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Dietary Reference Intakes |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Ingredients and Other Basic Information |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Structure/Function Claims |
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56 | (1) |
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Using Labels to Make Healthful Food Choices |
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56 | (1) |
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FYI: Definitions for Nutrient Content Claims on Food Labels |
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57 | (1) |
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Nutrition Assessment: Determining Nutritional Health |
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58 | (1) |
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The Continuum of Nutritional Status |
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58 | (1) |
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Nutrition Assessment of Individuals |
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59 | (1) |
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Nutrition Assessment of Populations |
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59 | (1) |
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Nutrition Assessment Methods |
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59 | (1) |
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Anthropometric Measurements |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Methods of Evaluating Dietary Intake Data |
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63 | (1) |
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Outcomes of Nutrition Assessment |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (32) |
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69 | (1) |
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Simple Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Disaccharides |
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69 | (1) |
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Monosaccharides: The Single Sugars |
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70 | (1) |
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Disaccharides: The Double Sugars |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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Carbohydrates in the Body |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Regulating Blood Glucose Levels |
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80 | (1) |
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Inadequate Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels: Diabetes Mellitus |
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81 | (1) |
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Carbohydrates in the Diet |
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81 | (1) |
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Recommendations for Carbohydrate Intake |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Choosing Carbohydrates Wisely |
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83 | (1) |
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FYI: The Glycemic Index of Foods: Useful or Useless? |
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84 | (3) |
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Moderating Added Sugar Intake |
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87 | (1) |
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Going Green: Whole Grains: Delicious, Easy to Prepare, Affordable, Good for Your Health, and Good for the Environment |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Nutrition Science in Action: Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
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91 | (1) |
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FYI: Unfounded Claims Against Sugars |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Fiber and Type 2 Diabetes |
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93 | (1) |
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Fiber and Cardiovascular Disease |
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93 | (1) |
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Fiber and Gastrointestinal Disorders |
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94 | (1) |
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Negative Health Effects of Excess Fiber |
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94 | (3) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Spotlight on Alcohol |
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100 | (94) |
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Alcohol: Is It a Nutrient? |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Alcohol Absorption and Metabolism |
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103 | (1) |
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Clearing Alcohol from the Blood |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Individual Differences in Responses to Alcohol |
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106 | (1) |
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When Alcohol Becomes a Problem |
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107 | (1) |
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Alcohol in the Brain and the Nervous System |
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107 | (2) |
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Alcohol's Effect on the Gastrointestinal System |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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FYI: Changing the Culture of Campus Drinking |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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Does Alcohol Have Benefits? |
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113 | (58) |
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The Amino Acid Pool and Protein Turnover |
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171 | (1) |
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Protein and Nitrogen Excretion |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Recommended Intakes of Protein |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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Evaluating Protein Quality and Digestibility |
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177 | (1) |
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Estimating Your Protein Intake |
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178 | (1) |
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Proteins and Amino Acids Supplements |
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178 | (1) |
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Plant-Based Diets and Vegetarian Eating Patterns |
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178 | (1) |
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Why People Become Vegetarians |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Health Benefits of Plant-Based Diets |
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179 | (1) |
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Health Risks of Plant-Based Diets |
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180 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vegetarians |
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180 | (2) |
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FYI: High-Protein Plant Foods |
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182 | (2) |
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The Health Effects of Too Little or Too Much Protein |
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184 | (1) |
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Protein-Energy Malnutrition |
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184 | (1) |
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FYI: High-Protein Diets and Supplements |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (3) |
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Nutrition Science in Action: High-Protein Diets and Kidney Function |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Spotlight on Digestion and Absorption |
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194 | (10) |
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Putting It All Together: Digestion and Absorption |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Nutrient Digestion in the Stomach |
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195 | (1) |
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Nutrient Absorption in the Stomach |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Nutrient Digestion in the Small Intestine |
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197 | (1) |
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Absorptive Structures of the Small Intestine |
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198 | (1) |
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Nutrient Absorption in the Small Intestine |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Digestion in the Large Intestine |
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199 | (1) |
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Nutrient Absorption in the Large Intestine |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Energy Balance and Weight Management |
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204 | (68) |
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206 | (1) |
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Regulation of Food Intake |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (4) |
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211 | (1) |
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Major Components of Energy Expenditure |
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212 | (3) |
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The Measurement of Energy Expenditure |
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215 | (2) |
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Estimating Total Energy Expenditure |
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217 | (1) |
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DRIs for Energy: Estimated Energy Requirements |
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218 | (1) |
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FYI: How Many Calories Do I Burn? |
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219 | (1) |
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Body Composition: Understanding Fatness and Weight |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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Adopting a Healthy Weight-Management Lifestyle |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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Weight-Management Approaches |
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233 | (1) |
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FYI: Behaviors That Will Help You Manage Your Weight |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (4) |
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Attainable Long-Term Weight Loss |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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Spotlight on Eating Disorders |
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248 | (2) |
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The Eating Disorder Continuum |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Health Consequences of Eating Disorders |
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252 | (1) |
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Prevalence of Eating Disorders |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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The Cultural-Psychological Interaction |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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FYI: Exploring the Connection Between Negative Affect and Eating Disorders |
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255 | (1) |
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A Closer Look at Anorexia Nervosa |
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255 | (1) |
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Warning Signs of Anorexia Nervosa |
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255 | (1) |
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Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa |
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256 | (2) |
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A Closer Look at Bulimia Nervosa |
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258 | (1) |
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Warning Signs of Bulimia Nervosa |
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258 | (2) |
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FYI: Diary of an Eating Disorder |
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260 | (1) |
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Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa |
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260 | (1) |
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A Closer Look at Binge-Eating Disorder |
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261 | (1) |
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Warning Signs of Binge-Eating Disorder |
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261 | (1) |
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Treatment for Binge-Eating Disorder |
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261 | (1) |
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Eating Disorders: Specific Populations |
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262 | (1) |
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Males: An Overlooked Population |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (3) |
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Combating Eating Disorders |
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266 | (3) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (82) |
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273 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Vitamins |
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274 | (1) |
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Fat-Soluble vs. Water-Soluble Vitamins |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Vitamin A and Carotenoids |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Storage and Transport of Vitamin A |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin A |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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Forms and Formation of Vitamin D |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin D |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin E |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin K |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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FYI: Enrichment and Fortification |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Thiamin |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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FYI: Fresh, Frozen, or Canned? Raw, Dried, or Cooked? Selecting and Preparing Foods to Maximize Nutrient Content |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Riboflavin |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Niacin |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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Niacin Toxicity and Medicinal Uses of Niacin |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Functions of Pantothenic Acid |
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304 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Pantothenic Acid |
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304 | (1) |
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Sources of Pantothenic Acid |
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304 | (1) |
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Pantothenic Acid Deficiency |
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304 | (1) |
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Pantothenic Acid Toxicity |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Biotin |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Vitamin B6, Folate, and Heart Disease |
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306 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin B6 |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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Vitamin B6 Toxicity and Medicinal Uses of Vitamin B6 |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Folate |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Absorption of Vitamin B12 |
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312 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin B12 |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin C |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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Choline: A Vitamin-like Compound |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (5) |
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Spotlight on Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods |
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326 | (1) |
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Dietary Supplements: Vitamins and Minerals |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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Megadoses in Conventional Medical Management |
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329 | (2) |
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Megadosing Beyond Conventional Medicine: Orthomolecular Nutrition |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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Dietary Supplements: Natural Health Products |
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332 | (1) |
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Helpful Herbs, Harmful Herbs |
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333 | (2) |
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Other Dietary Supplements |
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335 | (1) |
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Dietary Supplements in the Marketplace |
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336 | (1) |
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The FTC and Supplement Advertising |
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336 | (1) |
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The FDA and Supplement Regulation |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Choosing Dietary Supplements |
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338 | (1) |
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FYI: Shopping for Supplements |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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Phytochemicals Make Foods Functional |
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341 | (4) |
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Foods Enhanced with Functional Ingredients and Additives |
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345 | (1) |
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Regulatory Issues for Functional Foods |
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346 | (1) |
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Health Claims for Functional Foods |
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346 | (1) |
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Structure/Function Claims for Functional Foods |
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347 | (1) |
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Strategies for Functional Food Use |
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|
347 | (2) |
|
FY): Defining Complementary and Integrative Health: How Does Nutrition Fit? |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Water and Minerals |
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354 | (50) |
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Water: The Essential Ingredient for Life |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Electrolytes and Water: A Delicate Equilibrium |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Intake Recommendations: How Much Water Is Enough? |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Water Excretion: Where Does the Water Go? |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Alcohol, Caffeine, and Common Medications Affect Fluid Balance |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
FYI: Tap, Filtered, or Bottled: Which Water Is Best? |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Potassium |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Impact of Low Potassium Intake |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Chloride |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Blood Calcium |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Calcium |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
FYI: Calcium Supplements: Are They Right for You? |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Phosphorus |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Magnesium |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Why Are Trace Minerals Important? |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Other Characteristics of Trace Minerals |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Iron in the Body |
|
|
378 | (4) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Iron |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Iron Deficiency and Measurement of Iron Status |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Zinc in the Body |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Zinc |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
FYI: Zinc and the Common Cold |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Selenium |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Iodine |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Copper |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Manganese |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations for Fluoride |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Fluoride Deficiency, Toxicity, and Pharmacologic Applications |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Chromium |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
FYI: Chromium, Exercise, and Body Composition |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Dietary Recommendations and Food Sources for Molybdenum |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Molybdenum Deficiency and Toxicity |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
Chapter 9 Life Cycle Nutrition |
|
|
404 | (50) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Nutrition Before Conception |
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Energy and Nutrition During Pregnancy |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Nutrients to Support Pregnancy |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Food Choices for Pregnant Women |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
FYI: Follow Food Safety Recommendations |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Substance Use and Pregnancy Outcome |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Nutrition for Breastfeeding Women |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Practices to Avoid During Lactation |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Benefits of Breastfeeding |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Contraindications to Breastfeeding |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Resources for Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Children |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Infant Growth and Development |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Energy and Nutrient Needs During Infancy |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Alternative Feeding: Infant Formula |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Breast Milk or Formula: How Much Is Enough? |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Introduction of Solid Foods into the Infant's Diet |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Developmental Readiness for Solid Foods |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
FYI: Developmental Readiness for Beginning to Eat Solid Foods |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
FYI: Fruit Juices and Drinks |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Energy and Nutrient Needs During Childhood |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Influences on Childhood Food Habits and Intake |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
FYI: Food Hypersensitivities and Allergies |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Nutritional Concerns of Childhood |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Physical Growth and Development |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Nutrient Needs of Adolescents |
|
|
431 | (2) |
|
Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Staying Young While Growing Older |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Weight and Body Composition |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
To Supplement or Not to Supplement |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Drug--Drug and Drug--Nutrient Interactions |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Bowel and Bladder Regulation |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (5) |
|
Chapter 10 Diet and Health |
|
|
454 | (34) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Obesity, Physical Inactivity, and Chronic Disease |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Dietary Components and Cardiometabolic Disease |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
The Cardiovascular System and Cardiovascular Disease |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Heart-Healthy Living: Dietary and Lifestyle Factors |
|
|
460 | (6) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Hypertension |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Hypertension |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Cancer Risk |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (3) |
|
Low Blood Glucose Levels: Hypoglycemia |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Diabetes |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Diabetes Risk |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (3) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
Chapter 11 Sports Nutrition: Eating for Peak Performance |
|
|
488 | (32) |
|
Physical Activity to Improve Health |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Muscle-Strengthening Exercises |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Flexibility and Neuromotor Exercises |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Energy Systems, Muscles, and Physical Performance |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Muscles and Muscle Fibers |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
Optimal Nutrition for Exercise Performance |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Before: Fuel and Hydration |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
During: Slowing Fluid and Energy Losses |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
After: Time to Replenish (the Sooner, the Better) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Nutrition for the Competitive Athlete |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Fluid Needs During Heavy Exertion |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
FYI: When Are Sports Drinks Recommended? |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Energy Intake and Exercise |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Carbohydrate and Exercise |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Pre-exercise Carbohydrate Intake |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Postexercise Carbohydrate Intake |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Fat Intake and the Athlete |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Protein Recommendations for Athletes |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Timing Protein Intake with Exercise |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Optimal Protein Sources for Athletes |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Dangers of High Protein Intake |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Vitamins, Minerals, and Athletic Performance |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
FYI: Nutrition Periodization: Tailoring Nutrition Intake to Exercise Goals |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Nutrition Needs of Young Athletes |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Nutrition Supplements and Ergogenic Aids |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Concerns About Supplements and Ergogenic Aids |
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
Weight and Body Composition |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Weight Gain: Build Muscle, Lose Fat |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Weight Loss: The Panacea for Optimal Performance? |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Weight Loss: Negative Consequences for the Competitive Athlete? |
|
|
514 | (3) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
Chapter 12 Food Safety and Technology |
|
|
520 | |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Harmful Substances in Foods |
|
|
522 | (5) |
|
FYI: Food Safety and SARS-CoV-2 |
|
|
527 | (6) |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Going Green: Ocean Pollution and Mercury Poisoning |
|
|
534 | (4) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Who Is at Increased Risk for Foodborne Illness? |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
A Final Word on Food Safety |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
Genetically Engineered Foods |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
A Short Course in Plant Genetics |
|
|
542 | (3) |
|
Genetically Engineered Foods: An Unstoppable Experiment? |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
Benefits of Genetic Engineering |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (3) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
Spotlight on Hunger: The Faces of Global Malnutrition |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Malnutrition in the United States |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
The Face of American Malnutrition |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Prevalence and Distribution |
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Attacking Hunger in America |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
Malnutrition in the Developing World |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
The Fight Against Global Hunger |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Social and Economic Factors |
|
|
565 | (2) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Agriculture and Environment: A Tricky Balance |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Environmental Degradation |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Malnutrition: Its Nature, Its Victims, and Its Eradication |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (2) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
573 | (3) |
|
Appendix A Dietary Reference Intakes |
|
|
576 | (4) |
|
|
580 | (14) |
|
|
594 | |