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Occupational Biomechanics 3rd Revised edition [Kietas viršelis]

, Revised by , , (both of the University of Michigan, USA)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 600 pages, aukštis x plotis: 240x160 mm, weight: 936 g, Illustrations
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Feb-1999
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0471246972
  • ISBN-13: 9780471246978
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Occupational Biomechanics 3rd Revised editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 600 pages, aukštis x plotis: 240x160 mm, weight: 936 g, Illustrations
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Feb-1999
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0471246972
  • ISBN-13: 9780471246978
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780471246978.html
Raktažodžiai:
Presents both engineering and medical information to explain the biomechanical principles underlying the well-designed and ergonomically sound workplace. The third edition updates current knowledge on epidemiological support of occupational biomechanics, mechanical aspects of muscle actions during work, biomechanical models of exertions, postural- analysis methods, materials and load-handling evaluation methods, design considerations of VDT workstations, and hand tools. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

From the reviews of the Second Edition:

"[ This book] represents a distillation of the authors' combined years of experience in applying biomechanics in various industries and work situations . . . I recommend this book to anyone, regardless of discipline, who is interested in understanding the many biomechanical factors which must be considered when trying to effect the prevention and reduction of musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace." -Journal of Biomechanics.

"Impressive descriptions of biomechanical concepts and worksite considerations . . . based not only on mechanical and mathematical principles, but on solid anatomical and physiologic constructs . . . a very valuable reference source." -Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology.

Now in its third edition, this volume stands as the definitive text on occupational biomechanics-a science dealing with the physiological loads and stresses placed on the musculoskeletal system during physical work. It expertly weaves engineering and medical information from diverse sources and provides a coherent treatment of the biomechanical principles underlying the well-designed and ergonomically sound workplace. In this revision, the authors update the state of current knowledge in several key areas, including epidemiological support of occupational biomechanics, mechanical aspects of muscle actions during work, biomechanical models of exertions, postural-analysis methods, materials and load-handling evaluation methods, guidelines for various types of work, design considerations of VDT workstations, hand tools, and more.

Complete with 75 new illustrations and over 200 new references, Occupational Bio-mechanics is an excellent one-stop reference for students and professionals in industrial engineering, product and process design, medicine, and occupational health and safety.

Recenzijos

"...this book is a valuable resource for any advanced ergonomist interested in physical ergonomics...provides valuable research information" - Ergonomics in Design Summer 2000

Foreword xiii(2)
Preface xv(2)
Acknowledgments xvii
1. Occupational Biomechanics as a Specialty
1(16)
1.1 Definition of Occupational Biomechanics
1(1)
1.2 Historical Development of Occupational Biomechanics
2(5)
1.2.1 Kinesiological Developments
4(2)
1.2.2 Developments in Biomechanical Modelling
6(1)
1.2.3 Anthropometric Developments
6(1)
1.2.4 Methods for Evaluating Mechanical Work Capacity
6(1)
1.2.5 Developments in Bioinstrumentation
7(1)
1.2.6 Developments in Motion Classification and Time Prediction Systems
7(1)
1.3 The Need for an Occupational Biomechanics Specialty
7(4)
1.3.1 Epidemiological Support for Occupational Biomechanics
8(2)
1.3.2 Social and Legal Support for Occupational Biomechanics
10(1)
1.3.3 Ergonomic Support for Occupational Biomechanics
10(1)
1.4 Who Uses Occupational Biomechanics?
11(1)
1.5 Organization of the Book
12(1)
Review Questions
13(1)
References
13(4)
2. The Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
17(48)
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Connective Tissue
17(11)
2.2.1 Ligaments, Tendons, and Fascia
18(4)
2.2.2 Cartilage
22(1)
2.2.3 Bone
22(6)
2.3 Skeletal Muscle
28(26)
2.3.1 The Structure of Muscles
29(5)
2.3.2 The Molecular Basis of Muscle Contraction
34(1)
2.3.3 The Energy Metabolism of Muscle
35(1)
2.3.4 The Nerve Impulse Causing Muscle Contraction
36(1)
2.3.5 Mechanical Aspects of Muscle Contraction
37(6)
2.3.6 Muscle Fatigue
43(5)
2.3.7 Quantification and Prediction of Fatigue
48(2)
2.3.8 The Action of Muscles
50(4)
2.4 Joints
54(6)
2.4.1 The Synovial Joint
54(3)
2.4.2 Joint Lubrication
57(1)
2.4.3 Osteoarthritis
58(1)
2.4.4 Intervertebral Discs
59(1)
Review Questions
60(1)
References
61(4)
3. Anthropometry in Occupational Biomechanics
65(26)
3.1 Measurement of Physical Properties of Body Segments
65(15)
3.1.1 Body-Segment Link Length Measurement Methods
66(5)
3.1.2 Body-Segment Volume and Weight
71(1)
3.1.3 Body-Segment Locations of Center of Mass
72(3)
3.1.4 Body-Segment Inertial Property Measurement Methods
75(5)
3.2 Anthropometric Data for Biomechanical Studies in Industry
80(7)
3.2.1 Segment Link Length Data
80(1)
3.2.2 Segment Weight Data
81(3)
3.2.3 Segment Mass-Center Location Data
84(1)
3.2.4 Segment Moment-of-Inertia and Radius-of-Gyration Data
84(3)
3.3 Summary of Anthropometry in Occupational Biomechanics
87(1)
Review Questions
87(1)
References
88(3)
4. Mechanical Work-Capacity Evaluation
91(40)
4.1 Introduction
91(1)
4.2 Joint Motion: Methods and Data
91(10)
4.2.1 Methods of Measuring Joint Motion
93(4)
4.2.2 Normal Ranges of Joint Motion
97(1)
4.2.3 Factors Affecting Range-of-Motion Data
97(4)
4.3 Muscle Strength Evaluation
101(23)
4.3.1 Definition of Muscular Strength
101(4)
4.3.2 Static and Dynamic Strength-Testing Methods
105(7)
4.3.3 Normal Muscle Strength Values
112(8)
4.3.4 Personal Factors Affecting Strength
120(4)
4.4 Summary and Limitations of Mechanical Work-Capacity Data
124(1)
Review Questions
125(1)
References
126(5)
5. Bioinstrumentation for Occupational Biomechanics
131(50)
5.1 Introduction
131(1)
5.2 Human Motion Analysis Systems
132(14)
5.2.1 Basis for Measuring Human Motion
132(14)
5.3 Applied Electromyography
146(7)
5.3.1 Theory of the Use of Electromyography in Occupational Biomechanics
146(4)
5.3.2 EMG Measurement System
150(3)
5.4 Muscle Strength Measurement Systems
153(5)
5.4.1 Localized Static Strength Measurement Systems
153(2)
5.4.2 Whole-Body Static Strength Measurement System
155(1)
5.4.3 Whole-Body Dynamic Strength Measurement System
156(2)
5.5 Intradiscal Pressure Measurement
158(3)
5.5.1 Measurement Concept
158(2)
5.5.2 Intradiscal Pressure Measurement System
160(1)
5.5.3 Applications and Limitations in Occupational Biomechanics
160(1)
5.6 Intra-abdominal (Intragastric) Measurements
161(4)
5.6.1 Measurement Development
161(1)
5.6.2 Measurement System
162(1)
5.6.3 Applications and Limitations in Occupational Biomechanics
162(3)
5.7 Stature Measurement System
165(2)
5.8 Force Platform System
167(1)
5.9 Measurement of Vibration in Humans
168(2)
Review Questions
170(1)
References
170(11)
6. Occupational Biomechanical Models
181(98)
6.1 Why Model?
181(1)
6.2 Planar Static Biomechanical Models
182(23)
6.2.1 Single-Body-Segment Static Model
182(6)
6.2.2 Two-Body-Segment Static Model
188(4)
6.2.3 Static Planar Model of Nonparallel Forces
192(2)
6.2.4 Planar Static Analysis of Internal Forces
194(7)
6.2.5 Multiple-Link Coplanar Static Modeling
201(4)
6.3 Three-Dimensional Modeling of Static Strength
205(5)
6.4 Dynamic Biomechanical Models
210(13)
6.4.1 Single-Segment Dynamic Biomechanical Model
211(4)
6.4.2 Multiple-Segment Biodynamic Model of Load Lifting
215(4)
6.4.3 Coplanar Biomechanical Models of Foot Slip Potential while Pushing a Cart
219(4)
6.5 Special Purpose Biomechanical Models of Occupational Tasks
223(44)
6.5.1 Low-Back Biomechanical Models
224(28)
6.5.2 Biomechanical Models of the Wrist and Hand
252(9)
6.5.3 Modeling Muscle Strength
261(6)
6.6 Future Developments in Occupational Biomechanical Models
267(1)
Review Questions
268(1)
References
269(10)
7. Methods of Classifying and Evaluating Manual Work
279(36)
7.1 Traditional Methods
279(4)
7.1.1 Historical Perceptive
282(1)
7.2 Traditional Work Analysis System
283(5)
7.2.1 MTM: An Example of a Predetermined Motion-Time System
283(2)
7.2.2 Benefits and Limitations in Contemporary Work Analysis Systems
285(3)
7.3 Contemporary Biomechanical Job Analysis
288(21)
7.3.1 Identification of Musculoskeletal Injury Problem
288(3)
7.3.2 Analyzing Biomechanical Risk Factors
291(1)
7.3.3 Specialized Biomechanical Risk Factor Evaluation
291(17)
7.3.4 EMGs in Job Evaluations
308(1)
7.4 Future Impact of Occupational Biomechanics on Work Measurement Systems
309(1)
Review Questions
310(1)
References
311(4)
8. Manual Material-Handling Limits
315(34)
8.1 Introduction
315(3)
8.2 Lifting Limits in Manual Material Handling
318(11)
8.2.1 Scope of NIOSH Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting
321(1)
8.2.2 Basis for 1994 NIOSH Recommended Weight-Lifting Limit
322(2)
8.2.3 Example of NIOSH RWL Procedure
324(2)
8.2.4 Comments on the Status of the NIOSH Lifting Guide
326(1)
8.2.5 Alternative Recommendations for Evaluating Manual Lifting Tasks
327(2)
8.3 Pushing and Pulling Capabilities
329(7)
8.3.1 Foot-Slip Prevention during Pushing and Pulling
334(2)
8.4 Asymmetric Load Handling
336(12)
8.4.1 Toward a Comprehensive Manual Material-Handling Guide
339(9)
8.5 Summary of Manual Material-Handling Recommendations and Evaluation Methods
348(1)
Review Questions
349(1)
References
349(1)
9. Sitting
349(44)
9.1 General Considerations Related to Sitting Postures
355(4)
9.2 Anthropometric Aspects of Seated Workers
359(2)
9.3 Comfort
361(2)
9.4 The Spine and Sitting
363(12)
9.4.1 Clinical Aspects of Sitting Postures
363(1)
9.4.2 Radiographic Data
364(2)
9.4.3 Disc Pressure Data During Sitting
366(4)
9.4.4 Muscle Activity
370(3)
9.4.5 Sitting Postures and the Spine
373(2)
9.5 The Shoulder and Sitting
375(2)
9.6 The Legs and Sitting
377(3)
9.7 The Sitting Workplace
380(6)
9.7.1 The Chair
383
9.7.2 The Table
9.7.3 Visual Display Terminal Workstations
385(1)
9.8 Summary
386(1)
Review Questions
386(1)
References
387(6)
10. Biomechanical Considerations in Machine Control and Workplace Design
393(42)
10.1 Introduction
393(8)
10.1.1 Localized Musculoskeletal Injury in Industry
394(7)
10.2 Practical Guidelines for Workplace and Machine Control Layout
401(25)
10.2.1 Shoulder-Dependent Overhead Reach Limitations
401(10)
10.2.2 Shoulder- and Arm-Dependent Forward Reach Limits
411(7)
10.2.3 Neck-Head Posture Work Limitations
418(4)
10.2.4 Torso Postural Considerations in Workbench Height Limitations
422(2)
10.2.5 Biomechanical Considerations in Design of Computer Workstation
424(2)
10.3 Summary
426(2)
Review Questions
428(1)
References
428(7)
11. Hand-Tool Design Guidelines
435(28)
11.1 The Need for Biomechanical Concepts in Hand-Tool Design
436(3)
11.2 Shape and Size Considerations
439(11)
11.2.1 Shape for Avoiding Wrist Deviation
439(4)
11.2.2 Shape for Avoiding Shoulder Abduction
443(1)
11.2.3 Shape to Assist Grip
444(3)
11.2.4 Size of Tool Handle to Facilitate Grip
447(1)
11.2.5 Finger Clearance Considerations
448(1)
11.2.6 Gloves
449(1)
11.3 Hand-Tool Weight and Use Considerations
450(3)
11.4 Force Reaction Considerations in Powered Hand-Tool Design
453(1)
11.5 Keyboard Design Considerations
454
11.5.1 Posture Stress
11.5.2 Keying Exertion Force Repetition
455(1)
11.6 Summary
456(1)
Review Questions
456(1)
References
457(6)
12. Guidelines for Whole-Body and Segmental Vibration
463(38)
12.1 Definitions and Measures
463(8)
12.1.1 Definitions
464(3)
12.1.2 Measurement of Vibration
467(4)
12.2 General Effects of Vibration on Human Beings
471(1)
12.3 Whole-Body Vibration
472(9)
12.3.1 Effects of Low-Frequency Vibration
472(1)
12.3.2 Effects of Middle-Frequency Vibration
473(4)
12.3.3 Biomechanical Effects on the Spine
477(2)
12.3.4 Physiological Vibration
479(2)
12.4 Hand-Arm Vibration
481(4)
12.4.1 Transmission of Vibration in the Upper Extremity
481(2)
12.4.2 Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
483(2)
12.5 Sensorimotor Effects
485(3)
12.6 Vibration Exposure Criteria
488(5)
12.6.1 Whole-Body Vibration Recommendations
488(3)
12.6.2 Hand-Arm Vibration Recommendations
491(2)
12.7 Control and Prevention
493(2)
Review Questions
495(1)
References
495(6)
13. Worker Selection, Training, and Personal Protective Device Considerations
501(24)
13.1 Worker Selection
502(8)
13.1.1 Introduction to Worker Selection
502(3)
13.1.2 History and Physical Examination
505(2)
13.1.3 Radiographic Preplacement Examination
507(1)
13.1.4 Quantitative Physical Preplacement Screening
507(3)
13.2 Preplacement Training
510(4)
13.2.1 General Content of Training
511(1)
13.2.2 How Workers Should be Trained
512(2)
13.3 Biomechanical Aspects of Back Belts
514(4)
13.3.1 Passive Stiffness Effects of Back Belts
515(1)
13.3.2 Abdominal Pressure Effects of Back Belts
516(1)
13.3.3 Reduced Torso Mobility Effects Due to Back Belts
517(1)
13.4 Summary
518(1)
Review Questions
518(1)
References
519(6)
14. Summary
525(4)
Appendix A 529(10)
Part 1: Anatomical and Anthropometric Landmarks as Presented by Webb Associates 529(3)
Part 2: Glossary of Anatomical and Anthropometric Terms (Webb Associates, 1978) 532(7)
Appendix B Population Weight and Mass-Center Data 539(6)
Table B-1 Segment Weight Values Derived from Regression Equations Using Total Body Weight as the Independent Variable 540(1)
Table B-2 Segment Moments of Inertia 541(1)
Table B-3 Anatomical Location of Segment Centers of Gravity (Centers of Mass) 542(3)
Appendix C Terms and Units of Measurement in Biomechanics 545(14)
Appendix D NIOSH 1994 Tables for Conversion of Six Job-Lifting Descriptor Variables to Multiplier Values Used in Computing Recommended Weight Limit 559(4)
Appendix E Tables 563(2)
Table E-1 Recommended (90th Percentile) Male and Female Pushing Forces (N) for Initial (Peak) and Sustained (Average) Exertions with Handle Height at 95 cm (Male) and 90 cm (Female) 564(1)
Table E-2 Recommended (90th Percentile) Male and Female Pulling Forces (N) for Initial (Peak) and Sustained (Average) Exertions with Handle Height at 95 cm (Male) and 90 cm (Female) 564(1)
Index 565


DON B. CHAFFIN is the G. Lawton and Louise G. Johnson Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Occupational Health, and Director of the Human Motion Simulation Laboratory at the University of Michigan. GUNNAR B. J. ANDERSSON is Chairman and Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at the Rush--Presbyterian--St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois. BERNARD J. MARTIN is Associate Professor at the Center for Ergonomics at the University of Michigan.