Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

Offshore Floating Production: Legal and Commercial Risk Management [Kietas viršelis]

Edited by , Edited by , Edited by
  • Formatas: Hardback, 308 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 720 g, 6 Tables, black and white; 2 Line drawings, black and white; 16 Halftones, black and white; 18 Illustrations, black and white
  • Serija: Maritime and Transport Law Library
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Feb-2023
  • Leidėjas: Informa Law
  • ISBN-10: 1032153792
  • ISBN-13: 9781032153797
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Offshore Floating Production: Legal and Commercial Risk ManagementDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 308 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 720 g, 6 Tables, black and white; 2 Line drawings, black and white; 16 Halftones, black and white; 18 Illustrations, black and white
  • Serija: Maritime and Transport Law Library
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Feb-2023
  • Leidėjas: Informa Law
  • ISBN-10: 1032153792
  • ISBN-13: 9781032153797
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781032153797.html
Raktažodžiai:
This is the first book to focus on the law and practice relating to offshore oil and gas floating production. It deals with all legal and commercial risk management issues from initial concept through design, construction, modification, installation, acceptance, production and offloading, including ancillary legal topics; JV/consortiums, financing, insurance, decommissioning and intellectual property.

Floating production projects are a popular method of achieving offshore oil and gas production, utilising vessels sitting over the offshore reservoir, receiving well fluids which are then processed, stored and offloaded to tankers. They operate in deep water, harsh conditions and marginal fields, and may be redeployed once the reservoir is depleted. There are numerous legal issues which arise in the context of floating production due to its specific characteristics, presenting a unique combination of challenges with the attendant risks and potential liabilities. This book analyses these risks and liabilities and considers how they may be allocated between the parties, how the consequences are avoided or mitigated and how disputes are in practice resolved. It illustrates these issues and competing legal arguments by focusing on each stage of the relationship between the oil and gas company and a specialist floating production contractor.

The book will be of special interest to project managers and in-house lawyers at oil companies, offshore contractors, design consultants, construction companies, suppliers, vessel operators, banks, insurers and investors. It will also be of particular use to private practice lawyers in all jurisdictions where these projects occur; because contracts used in this industry are often written under English law,and contracts which are governed by local law follow a similar pattern.
Table of cases
xv
Table of legislation
xxi
About the authors xxiii
List of contributors
xxv
Acknowledgements xxvii
List of acronyms and abbreviations
xxix
Chapter 1 Introduction To Floating Production
1(19)
Stuart Beadnall
Max Lemanski
A Floating production as a legal topic
1(1)
B What is an FPSO?
2(4)
(i) Is it a ship?
3(1)
(ii) What is the F for?
4(1)
(iii) What is the P for?
5(1)
(iv) What is the S for?
5(1)
(v) What is the O for?
5(1)
(vi) Is an FLNG a type of FPSO?
6(1)
(vii) Is an FLSO an FLNG or an FPSO?
6(1)
C What is an FPSO charter?
6(1)
D FPSO contracts - English law
7(2)
(i) General principles
7(1)
(ii) Contract forms
8(1)
E FPSOs - contract structures
9(6)
(i) The FP Contractor
9(1)
(ii) The Company
10(1)
(iii) Subcontracting
11(1)
(iv) Compliance with local content requirements
11(1)
(v) Alternative structures
11(1)
(vi) Assignees
12(2)
(vii) Mortgagees
14(1)
F Typical FPSO charter obligations
15(3)
(i) Charter structure
15(1)
(ii) Design and construction
15(1)
(iii) Installation and acceptance
16(1)
(iv) Production
16(1)
(v) The charter period
17(1)
(vi) Liabilities and indemnities
17(1)
(vii) Offtake and offloading
18(1)
G Floating production in the future
18(2)
(i) Making carbon fuel production greener
18(1)
(ii) Using existing infrastructure to capture carbon
19(1)
(iii) New floating energy sources
19(1)
Chapter 2 Fpso Design
20(26)
Stuart Beadnall
A Introduction
20(1)
B Design responsibility
21(1)
C The design development process
22(5)
(a) Illustration 1- off-spec hydrocarbons
24(1)
(b) Illustration 2- weather loading windows
25(1)
(c) Illustration 3- design assumptions
26(1)
D Changes to basis of design
27(5)
(i) Changes - some issues and illustrations
27(1)
(a) Illustration 4-insufficient buoyancy
28(1)
(b) Illustration 5-relaxation of design requirements
28(1)
(ii) Charter amendments
29(1)
(iii) Charter notice requirements
30(2)
E Design integration
32(3)
(i) Allocation of design risk
32(1)
(ii) Separate hull and topsides yards
33(1)
(a) Illustration 6- interface design
34(1)
(b) Illustration 7- handover design
34(1)
F Location
35(1)
G Compliance with local regulations
36(2)
(i) General
36(1)
(ii) Flaring
37(1)
(a) Illustration 8- flaring
38(1)
H Design changes of necessity
38(5)
(i) Variation requests
38(1)
(I) Preferential design changes
39(3)
(J) Variation proposals
42(1)
K Change order documents
43(1)
(a) Illustration 9- scope of agreed variation
43(1)
L Post-delivery variations
44(2)
Chapter 3 Construction Contracts
46(8)
Stuart Beadnall
A Introduction
46(1)
B Technical requirements
47(1)
C Legal nature of a subcontract
48(1)
D Typical construction contract terms
49(5)
(i) Description/scope of work
50(1)
(ii) Price and payment terms
50(1)
(iii) Variations
51(1)
(iv) Mechanical completion/commissioning
51(1)
(v) Acceptance
51(1)
(vi) Acceptance testing
52(1)
(vii) Rights of termination
52(1)
(viii) Defects rectification
52(2)
Chapter 4 Conversions, Refurbishment And Modifications
54(28)
Max Lemanski
A Introduction
54(1)
B Conversions versus newbuild projects
55(1)
C Acquisition of vessels
55(2)
(i) The vessel for conversion
55(2)
(ii) Incorporating the vessel into the design
57(1)
D The yard, scope of work and delivery
57(4)
(i) One yard or two?
57(1)
(ii) Scope of work and fitness for purpose
58(1)
(a) Robin Rigg case study
58(2)
(iii) Delivery of the vessel to the yard
60(1)
E Pricing
61(8)
(i) Unit rates
62(1)
(ii) Unpriced scope
62(1)
(iii) Remeasurable work
63(1)
(iv) Reimbursable work
64(1)
(v) Target sum pricing
64(2)
(F) Variations
66(1)
(i) Variation mechanism
67(1)
(ii) Additional consequences of a variation
67(1)
(iii) Time limits
68(1)
(iv) Other types of variations
68(1)
G Delay and disruption
69(3)
(i) Delay: an illustration
69(2)
(ii) Concurrent delay
71(1)
H Commissioning
72(1)
I Termination rights and carry over agreements
73(3)
(a) Illustration
76(1)
J Redelivery and sailaway
76(3)
(i) Detention and/or arrest of the vessel
77(1)
(ii) Payment of final sums on redelivery
77(1)
(iii) Transfer of title and waiver of liens
78(1)
(iv) Impact of detention and/or arrest of the vessel
78(1)
K Guarantees and bonds
79(2)
L Insurance
81(1)
Chapter 5 The Charter Period
82(14)
Stuart Beadnall
A Delivery
82(7)
(i) The concept of delivery
82(1)
(ii) Acceptance
83(1)
(iii) Sail away
84(1)
(iv) Transportation
85(1)
(v) Arrival at site
86(2)
(vi) Commencement of acceptance tests
88(1)
B Acceptance testing
89(4)
(i) Acceptance test procedures
89(2)
(ii) Provisional acceptance/interim production
91(1)
(iii) Reservoir characteristics
92(1)
C The charter period
93(1)
D Redelivery
94(2)
Chapter 6 Contractor Remuneration
96(21)
Stuart Beadnall
Max Lemanski
A Introduction
96(2)
B Deductions from monthly payments
98(2)
C Applicable day rates
100(2)
D Maintenance allowance
102(2)
E Invoicing procedures
104(4)
(a) Illustration 1- time bars and draft invoices
106(1)
(b) Illustration 2 - time bars, completion of work, payment information given but not invoiced
106(1)
(c) Illustration 3- time bars and course of dealing
107(1)
F Enforcement of claims for non-payment
108(1)
G Contractual liens
108(1)
H Limitation of liability for downtime
109(1)
I Performance adjustments to hire
110(7)
(i) Altera Voyageur - the facts
110(3)
(ii) Worked examples
113(1)
(iii) Mistake
114(1)
(iv) Altera Voyageur - the judgment
115(2)
Chapter 7 Fpso Offloading
117(15)
Stuart Beadnall
A Introduction
117(1)
B Offloading - the essentials
118(5)
(i) Offloading capability
118(1)
(ii) Offloading performance
118(2)
(iii) Offloading quality
120(3)
(iv) Short-loading
123(1)
C Offloading operations and responsibility
123(9)
(a) Illustration 1
126(1)
(D) Offtake vessel scheduling
127(1)
(i) Scheduling by the FP Contractor
127(1)
(a) Illustration 2
127(1)
(ii) Scheduling by the Company
127(1)
(iii) Dedicated offtake vessels
128(1)
(iv) Long-term charters
129(1)
(v) Short-term charters
129(1)
(vi) Voyage charters/COAs
130(1)
(vii) FOB/CFR sales
130(1)
(viii) DES sales
131(1)
Chapter 8 Indemnity And Limitation Of Liability Clauses
132(14)
Simon Moore
A Introduction
132(1)
B Risk of personal injury/loss of life
133(1)
C Property damage
133(1)
D Third-party property damage and personal injury/loss of life
134(2)
E Pollution
136(2)
F Consequential losses
138(3)
G Liability for wreck removal
141(1)
H Gross negligence and wilful misconduct qualifications to indemnity clauses
141(1)
I Overall cap on FP Contractor's liability
142(1)
J Reservoir
143(1)
K Split charter and O&M contracts
143(1)
L Conditions of use
144(1)
M Interpretation of indemnity clauses
145(1)
Chapter 9 Insurance
146(12)
Simon Moore
A Introduction
146(1)
B Introduction to the different types of policy relevant for any one field
146(6)
(i) Operators' extra expense/energy exploration and development/control of well insurance
146(1)
(ii) Construction all risks insurance
147(1)
(iii) Delay in start-up insurance
148(1)
(iv) Business interruption/loss of production income
148(1)
(v) Contingent business interruption
149(1)
(vi) Hull and machinery insurance
149(1)
(vii) War risks insurance
149(1)
(viii) Strike insurance
149(1)
(ix) Loss of hire insurance
150(1)
(x) Protection and indemnity insurance, including specialist operations cover
150(1)
(xi) Freight, demurrage and defence insurance
151(1)
(xii) Kidnap and ransom
152(1)
C Insuring the FPSO during its operating life - property
152(4)
D Upgrades, life extension works and/or modifications
156(1)
E Liabilities
156(2)
Chapter 10 Intellectual Property Rights
158(13)
Rob Jacob
Joshua Cunnington
A Introduction
158(4)
(i) Patents
160(1)
(ii) Designs
160(1)
(iii) Trademarks
160(1)
(iv) Copyright
160(1)
(v) Confidential information/trade secrets/know-how
161(1)
B Ownership of IP
162(2)
(i) Background IP
162(1)
(ii) Foreground IP
162(2)
C Licensing of IP
164(5)
(i) Why licensing is important
164(1)
(ii) What is being licensed?
165(1)
(iii) Who is the licensee?
166(1)
(iv) What is the purpose of the licence?
166(1)
(v) Are royalties payable?
167(1)
(vi) Where can the licensee use the IP?
167(1)
(vii) How long does the licence last?
168(1)
(viii) Insolvency
168(1)
(ix) Alternative to licensing - contractual exclusivity
168(1)
D Infringement risk: the limitations of warranties and indemnities
169(2)
Chapter 11 Termination
171(14)
Max Lemanski
A Introduction
171(1)
B Express rights of termination
171(2)
(i) Termination for force majeure events
172(1)
(ii) Termination rights for the Contractor's default or the Company's default
172(1)
(iii) Termination for convenience
172(1)
(iv) Termination for delay
173(1)
C Termination at law
173(1)
D The rise of good faith obligations and relational contracts - is there a fetter on exercising a right of termination?
174(5)
(i) The Braganza implied term
174(3)
(ii) Relational contracts
177(2)
(iii) Conclusion
179(1)
E Terminating in practice: two illustrations
179(2)
(i) Late arrival/acceptance at the oilfield
179(1)
(ii) Production difficulties
180(1)
F Effect of termination on other contractual terms
181(1)
G Other consequences of termination
182(1)
(i) The construction phase
182(1)
(ii) The production phase
183(1)
H Purchase options
183(2)
Chapter 12 Decommissioning
185(15)
Simon Moore
A Introduction
185(1)
B FPSO decommissioning projects and contracts
185(5)
(i) The disconnection and removal of the FPSO from the field and recycling of the FPSO
186(2)
(a) Illustration 1 -- North Sea Producer FPSO
188(1)
(ii) Well plugging and abandonment
188(1)
(iii) Removal, dismantling and disposal of subsea facilities including Christmas trees, pipelines etc.
188(2)
C Increased reputational risks
190(1)
D International obligations relevant to the decommissioning of offshore installations
191(4)
(i) United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
191(2)
(ii) OSPAR Convention
193(1)
(iii) Basel Convention
193(1)
(iv) Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (the Hong Kong Convention)
194(1)
(v) Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 (the `London Convention') and the London Protocol 1996
194(1)
E EU Regulations relevant to the decommissioning of offshore installations
195(2)
(i) Waste Shipment Regulations 1013/2006
195(1)
(a) Illustration 2 - the Eide Carrier
196(1)
(b) Illustration 3 - the HMS Laurence
196(1)
(ii) Waste Framework Directive 2008
196(1)
(iii) Ship Recycling Regulation 1257/2013
197(1)
F UK domestic legislation and regulatory regime applicable to decommissioning of offshore installations
197(3)
Chapter 13 Dispute Resolution
200(11)
Stuart Beadnall
Mary Dodwell
A Introduction
200(1)
B Dispute resolution procedures
200(11)
(i) Expert determination
200(2)
(ii) Adjudication
202(1)
(iii) Mediation
203(1)
(iv) Tiered, or `escalation' resolution options
204(1)
(v) Contractual negotiations: `without prejudice' communications
205(1)
(vi) Arbitration
206(1)
1 Base of commencement ot proceedings
207(1)
2 Fees
207(1)
3 Procedure
207(1)
4 Appeals
208(1)
(vii) Litigation - English court proceedings
209(2)
Appendix A Floating production units - history, design, installation and operation
211(46)
Dr. James R. MacGregor
Part (i) FPSO history
211(4)
A Overview
211(1)
B Early platforms for offshore oil production
211(1)
C The drive to deeper water
212(1)
D FPSO use on marginal fields - milder environments
212(1)
E FPSO application to harsh environments - North Sea
213(2)
F Technological barriers and breakthroughs for acceptance of FPSOs
215(1)
Part (ii) Different types of mobile production units
215(13)
A Introduction
215(1)
B Characteristics of different hull types
216(1)
(i) Jackups and bottom fixed platforms
216(2)
(ii) Semi-submersibles
218(2)
(iii) Spar
220(1)
(iv) Tension leg platforms (TLPs)
220(2)
(v) Floating production, storage and offloading vessels (FPSOs)
222(1)
(vi) FPSO buoy shaped (Sevan type)
222(2)
(C) Liquefied gas platforms
224(1)
(i) LNG regasification units (FSRUs)
224(1)
(ii) Floating LPG offtake
225(1)
(iii) Floating LPG production
226(1)
(iv) Floating LNG production vessels
226(2)
Part (iii) Comparison and selection of floating production options
228(5)
A Evaluation of alternative platform types
228(2)
B Impact of the reservoir on surface facility selection
230(1)
(i) Marginal field development
230(1)
(ii) Proportion of gas in the oilfield
230(1)
(iii) Difficult to handle crude oil
231(1)
C Oil export considerations in field development
231(1)
D FPSOs - advantages and disadvantages
232(1)
(i) Advantage - weight carrying efficiency
232(1)
(ii) Inshore completion
232(1)
(iii) FPSOs leverage shipbuilding technology
232(1)
(iv) Other primary advantages
232(1)
(v) Principal disadvantages
232(1)
(vi) Conclusions - when to use an FPSO
233(1)
Part (iv) Technical definition and design phases
233(5)
A Introduction
233(1)
B Concept select, pre-FEED studies and basis of design
233(1)
C Bid documents
234(1)
D Functional specifications
234(1)
E FEED (front end engineering design)
235(1)
F Post FEED engineering
236(1)
G Detailed design
236(1)
H Design interface and integration issues
236(1)
I Regulatory compliance
237(1)
J Conflicting project philosophies
237(1)
Part (v) Topsides - some technical and operational issues
238(5)
A Introduction
238(2)
B Separation and separators
240(1)
C Gas flaring
240(1)
D Gas compression and gas treatment
240(1)
E Water injection
241(1)
F Power generation and other utilities
241(1)
G Topsides commissioning
241(1)
H Offshore performance testing
242(1)
I Operational efficiency, availability and uptime
243(1)
Part (vi) Mooring systems
243(6)
A Functions of the mooring system
243(1)
B Spread mooring or weathervaning?
244(1)
C Disconnectable mooring systems
245(1)
D Types of weathervaning system
245(1)
E Internal or external turret
245(1)
F Other options and typical choices
245(2)
G Turret moorings
247(1)
H Turret design considerations
247(1)
I Bearings for weathervaning mooring systems
248(1)
J Fluid transfer systems
248(1)
Part (vii) Offtake operations
249(8)
A Oil offloading - introduction
249(1)
(i) Offloading - key considerations
249(1)
(ii) Offloading by tandem mooring from weathervaning FPSO
250(2)
(iii) Side-by-side offloading from weathervaning FPSO
252(1)
(iv) Offloading from spread moored FPSO
252(1)
(v) Offtake via remote loading buoy
253(1)
(vi) Offloading from DP FPSO to DP tanker
253(1)
B Offloading equipment
253(1)
(i) Cargo piping and pumping systems
253(1)
(ii) Tandem mooring equipment
253(1)
(iii) Floating export hoses for standard trading tankers
253(1)
(iv) Export hoses for dedicated shuttle tankers
254(1)
(v) Storage/deployment systems for non-floating hoses
254(1)
(vi) Floating hose storage
254(1)
(vii) Side-by-side offloading oil transfer equipment
254(1)
C LPG and LNG offloading
255(1)
(i) Equipment
255(1)
(ii) Operational requirements
256(1)
Appendix B FPSO case study
257(2)
Appendix C Legal glossary
259(16)
Index 275
Stuart Beadnall is one of the UK's leading legal experts in the offshore oil and gas industry. His experience includes construction, installation and operation of fixed and floating platforms, LNG charters, drilling contracts and offtake agreements. He has worked on over 70 floating production projects, including innovative FPSOs whilst working at BHP Petroleum, and as a partner at Stephenson Harwood, new developments in the North Sea, West Africa, Brazil, Indonesia and Australia, including FLNG.

Simon Moore is a leading specialist in offshore energy law. He has extensive experience of offshore floating production projects worldwide. Simon has also advised on numerous high value arbitrations (ICC, LCIA, LMAA and ad hoc) arising out of construction and conversion projects for FPSOs and is a specialist in handling disputes concerning design risk, delay, disruption, force majeure, indemnities and performance warranties.

Max Lemanski is a partner at Stephenson Harwood, specialising in shipping and offshore energy. He co-leads the firm's market-leading FPSO team advising on floating production projects all around the world. In disputes, his cases include complex, high-value FPSO claims in the English High Court and LMAA, ICC and LCIA arbitrations concerning detailed technical analysis, variations, delay and prolongation, hire adjustment clauses, production problems and termination. He is also an expert in the decarbonisation of the offshore energy sector.