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Omega-Theory: A New Physics of Earthquakes, Volume 2 [Minkštas viršelis]

(Researcher, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Physicist and Geologist, Researcher, Quantectum AG)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 570 pages, aukštis x plotis: 276x216 mm, weight: 1500 g
  • Serija: Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-May-2018
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128145803
  • ISBN-13: 9780128145807
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Omega-Theory: A New Physics of Earthquakes, Volume 2Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 570 pages, aukštis x plotis: 276x216 mm, weight: 1500 g
  • Serija: Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-May-2018
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128145803
  • ISBN-13: 9780128145807
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780128145807.html
Raktažodžiai:

Earthquake prediction remains one of the most important unsolved problems in geophysics. Numerous studies, discussions, and critical reviews have been published, with mixed and unconvincing results. Failure to recognize a pattern to allow for reliable earthquake prediction has led many scientists to believe that this problem is impossible to solve. In the last decades, however, generations of seismologists, geophysicists, and geologists have accumulated enough knowledge and information to allow for the reformulation and solution of this essential problem. The result is this new book, The Omega-Theory: A New Physics of Earthquakes, which offers a unifying mathematical framework to describe and answer the most pressing and unexamined dilemmas of earthquake sequences. Those in the fields of seismology and geology are currently faced with a vast and complex mathematical structure, involving numerous new natural laws and theorems; this book has interpreted this structure as a new physical theory and a new paradigm. The Omega-Theory opens a new chapter in our understanding of the tectonic and seismic processes within the Earth, and is an essential resource for future researchers in the fields of structural geology, physics of the Earth, and seismology.

  • Brings together twenty years of research in the field of geophysics and attacks the problem within the framework of, but going beyond, the Cosserat continuum theory
  • Heavily tested on tens of natural examples and numerical tests
  • Includes 350 color figures and graphs
  • Spans across many fields of theoretical physics and geology, such as plate tectonics, synchronization of chaotic systems, solitons and fractals, mathematical set theory, and quantum mechanics
Summary of the Omega-Theory ix
1 Introduction
1(16)
Synchronizations of Seismic Chaos and Predictability of Earthquakes
2(4)
Acknowledgments
6(1)
References
7(7)
Further Reading
14(3)
I COSSERAT CONTINUUM THEORY OF FAULTING
2 Cosserat Continuum
17(16)
Notation
17(3)
Kinematics of the Cosserat Continuum
20(3)
The Method of Virtual Power
23(2)
Hyperelasticity
25(2)
J2 Plasticity Model
27(3)
References
30(2)
Further Reading
32(1)
3 The Multiple-Slip Mechanism of Plastic Cosserat Deformation
33(6)
Kinematics of Elastoplastic Cosserat Continuum
33(3)
References
36(3)
4 Stress Along the Faults
39(4)
Mohr Representation of Stress
40(1)
Fault Reactivation in the Cosserat Continuum: Amontons's Law
40(2)
References
42(1)
5 Wedge Faulting: The L2 Kinematics
43(14)
Equation of the Wedge Faulting
44(11)
The effect of the stress asymmetry and the couple-stresses
55(1)
References
55(1)
Further Reading
56(1)
6 Parallel Fault and Parallel Wedge Interactions: The Gamma-Scheme
57(14)
Three Possible Types of Parallel Fault Interaction
59(2)
Parallel Wedge Interaction
61(1)
Stress Permutations and Parallel Wedge Interactions
62(8)
References
70(1)
7 Bath's Law and the Cosserat Extension of the Reid Rebound Model
71(10)
Introduction
71(1)
Simple Models of Faults
72(2)
Derivation of Bath's Law
74(4)
References
78(3)
II INTRODUCTION TO THE OMEGA-THEORY
8 Omega-Sequences
81(18)
Definition of the Omega-Sequences
84(1)
General Structure of the Omega-Sequences
84(1)
Constructing the Omega-Sequences
85(6)
Generalized Equations of the Omega-Sequences (GEOS)
91(1)
Numerical Tests
91(1)
Fibonacci Omega-Sequences
91(4)
Discussion and Conclusions
95(2)
References
97(2)
9 Omega-Cells: "Seismic Oscillators"
99(24)
External Structure
100(1)
Internal Structure: Omega-Configurations
101(5)
Description of Numerical Tests
106(3)
Results
109(9)
Discussion
118(2)
References
120(3)
10 Omori's Law
123(12)
Omori's Law and the Omega-Sequences
124(2)
Derivation of Omori's Law
126(5)
Can Earthquakes be Predicted?
131(3)
References
134(1)
11 Felzer-Brodsky's Law
135(6)
Derivation of the Felzer-Brodsky Law
135(4)
Discussion
139(1)
References
140(1)
12 Strain Waves and Conservation Laws
141(18)
Two Bi-Magnitude Signals and the Omega-Cells
141(1)
The Kobayashi Equation
142(3)
Strain Waves: Velocities of the Seismic Migration
145(2)
Conservation Laws
147(4)
The Meaning of the Static Stress Drop
151(2)
Discussion: Dynamic Versus Kinematic Approaches
153(2)
References
155(4)
13 Phase Transitions
159(14)
Earth's Crust as a Two-Phases Cosserat Material
160(1)
Velocity Transference
161(5)
Vikulin's Scaling Equations: Type 1 Magnitude Shift
166(1)
Vikulin's Conservation Law
166(1)
Scaling Laws for the Recurrence Time
167(3)
Type 2 Magnitude Shift
170(1)
Discussion and Conclusions
171(1)
References
171(2)
14 Gutenberg-Richter's Law
173(6)
Derivation of Gutenberg-Richter's Law
173(2)
Discussion
175(3)
References
178(1)
15 What Causes Earthquakes?
179(14)
The General Mechanism of Earthquakes (GME)
182(3)
Seismic Generalization of Amontons's Law
185(4)
Why Is the B2-Magnitude Signal Not Seismic?
189(1)
A Link to the LEFM
189(1)
References
190(3)
III SYSTEMS, PLATE TECTONICS, AND ORDER
16 Omega-Interactions
193(16)
Clustering of Seismic Events
193(2)
Binding of Omega-Sequences
195(2)
Entanglement of Omega-Sequences
197(1)
Self-Similarity and the Multifractal Nature of Omega-Sequences
197(2)
Disturbances
199(1)
Transitions
199(1)
Discussion
200(4)
The Omega-Cycle
204(2)
What Is Entangled?
206(2)
References
208(1)
Further Reading
208(1)
17 Critical Behavior: Large Earthquakes Can Be Predicted
209(32)
Subcritical, Critical, and Supercritical Behavior
209(2)
Critical Behavior: The Kraljevo (2010) Case Study
211(11)
Predictability of the Large Earthquakes
222(5)
Predicting the Kraljevo (2010) Earthquake
227(1)
Discussion
228(10)
References
238(1)
Further Reading
239(2)
18 Supercritical Behavior: Aftershock Sequences
241(20)
The First and the Second-Order Omega-Sequences
243(15)
Discussion
258(2)
References
260(1)
19 The B-Spectral Theorem and the Synchronized Earth
261(12)
The B-Spectral Theorem
261(2)
The Synchronized Earth
263(7)
The Full Form of the B-Spectral Theorem
270(1)
Reference
271(2)
20 Quantum Numbers of Earthquakes: Seismic Back Action and Reverse Causality
273(18)
The B-Spectral Theorem
274(1)
Ideal Omega-Sequences
274(1)
Generalization of the B-Spectral Theorem
275(2)
Extrapolation of the Omega-Sequences: The Echo Earthquakes
277(1)
The Seismic Echo: What Do Two Large Earthquakes Define?
278(3)
Seismic Back Action and Reverse Causality: The Nepal (2015) Case Study
281(2)
Omega-Limitation Law: The Final Development of the Omega-Sequences
283(4)
The Twinning Effect
287(1)
2B-Spectrum and the Extended B-Spectrum
288(1)
Discussion
289(1)
References
289(2)
21 Seismic Induction and the Theory of Plate Tectonics
291(14)
The Problem: Introduction
291(1)
The Theory of Plate Tectonics and the Cosserat Continuum
291(2)
Why Should Tectonic Plates Interact Each With Other?
293(2)
Forces of Interaction
295(5)
Discussion and Conclusions
300(4)
References
304(1)
Further Reading
304(1)
22 Earthquakes as Computation: Origin of Order
305(22)
Test 1 Slovenia Region
305(3)
Test 2 Northern Italy Region
308(7)
Test 3 Brezice Earthquake 2015
315(3)
Origin of Order
318(4)
Origin of Synchronizations
322(1)
Conclusions: Earthquakes as Computation
322(5)
IV SEISMIC CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATIONS
23 T-Synchronizations: Predicting Future Seismic States of the Earth
327(18)
The Synchronization Equation
327(3)
The Omega-Interactions: Binding, Entanglement, and Synchronization Function
330(1)
Predicting the Future Seismic States of the Earth
331(3)
The Nepal (2015) Experiment
334(9)
References
343(2)
24 M-Synchronizations: The B-Megasignal and Large Earthquakes
345(8)
The Magnitude-Synchronization Function
347(1)
B-Megasignal: The Papua New Guinea Case Study
347(2)
The Southern California Case Study
349(2)
References
351(2)
25 S-Synchronizations: The Reciprocity Theorem and the Failure Localization Law
353(14)
Phenomenological Observations
353(3)
The Reciprocity Theorem
356(2)
The B-Spectral Theorem and the MARS Structure
358(2)
Seismic Activity of the MARS
360(1)
The Failure Localization Law
361(2)
Verifying the Failure Localization Law
363(1)
Confirmation of the Third Conservation Law
364(1)
References
365(2)
26 Maximum Effectiveness of Predictions: --- 1 Rule
367(8)
Case Study: Northern Italy Region
369(5)
Conclusions
374(1)
27 Open Systems
375(6)
Mathematical Formalism
375(1)
Test 1 Central Italy
376(1)
Test 2 Slovenia-Northern Croatia
376(4)
Conclusions
380(1)
References
380(1)
28 Further Observations on S-Synchronizations
381(20)
Visualizing Spatial Interactions Between the Earthquakes
381(1)
Test 1 Distribution of Nonsynchronized Earthquakes
382(1)
Test 2 Distribution of Synchronized Earthquakes
382(5)
Test 3 Region of Slovenia
387(2)
Test 4 Analysis of the Zuzemberk Region
389(7)
Conclusions
396(1)
References
397(4)
V STRAIN WAVES, PLATE TECTONICS, AND THE LOOP THEOREM
29 Description of Seismic States
401(26)
Superimposed and Product Seismic States
401(4)
T-Synchronizations
405(3)
M-Synchronizations
408(1)
Seismic Computing
409(1)
Testing the LE-Rule
409(14)
Conclusions
423(2)
References
425(2)
30 Epicenter Prediction: Turbal's Principle
427(40)
Strain Waves for the Individual Omega-Sequences
428(1)
The Mechanism of Epicenters: Turbal's Principle
429(26)
Global Predictions of Large Earthquakes
455(2)
Analysis of the Global Strain Waves
457(6)
Conclusions
463(2)
References
465(2)
31 Structure of the Aftershock Sequences
467(18)
Introduction
467(1)
Strain Waves as the Cause of the Round-the-World Seismic Echo
468(1)
Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, 26/12/2004
469(3)
Tohoku Earthquake, 11/03/2011
472(6)
Relationship Between the Foreshocks and Aftershocks
478(4)
Conclusions
482(1)
References
483(2)
32 Synchronizations and Fault Reactivations
485(18)
Introduction
485(1)
Ravne Fault, Slovenia
486(5)
North Anatolian Fault
491(8)
Conclusions
499(2)
References
501(2)
33 Predictability of Volcanic Eruptions
503(1)
1980 Mount St. Helens Eruption
503(7)
2004 Mount St. Helens Eruption
510(2)
2011 Mount St. Helens Increased Seismic Activity
512(3)
Conclusions
513(1)
References
513(2)
34 Strain Waves at the Tectonic Plates Boundaries
515(8)
The California Region
515(2)
The Japan Region
517(1)
Mid-Atlantic Ridge System
518(1)
Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden
518(1)
Conclusions
518(3)
References
521(2)
35 Origin of Plate Tectonics: The Loop Theorem
523(27)
Introduction to the Loop Theorem
523(1)
Fault Patterns and Earthquake Interaction Patterns
524(4)
The Loop Theorem
528(3)
Tilings and Tiles
531(3)
Properties of the Penrose Tiling
534(3)
Earthquake Interaction Patterns
537(2)
Penrose Clockwork: Toward the Plate Tectonic Theory
539(5)
Origin of the Global Strain Ways
544(5)
Discussion and Conclusions: Origin of the Plate Tectonics
549(1)
References 550(1)
Index 551
Dr. Zalohar is a physicist and geologist working as an independent researcher, giving scientific and philosophical lectures at various institutions. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Ljubljana in 2008. Dr. Zalohars main research fields are physics of faults and earthquakes, stratigraphy, and palaeontology. Among his most important achievements are a series of articles on the Cosserat mechanics of faulting for the Journal of Structural Geology and the development of the T-TECTO software for fault-slip data and earthquakes analysis, which is now recognized and used by structural geologists around the world. During numerous field trips observing tectonic structures in the Alps he and his colleagues made important paleontological discoveries, including identifying the oldest and only-known fossils of seahorses, pipehorses and pygmy pipehorses, new fossil sites with complete skeletons of Triassic reptilians, and fish and other biota from the Tethys ocean. His most important contribution to science is a discovery of a new physical theory of earthquakes that brings a redefinition and solution of the earthquake prediction problem.