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El. knyga: OpenGL Superbible: Comprehensive Tutorial and Reference

4.21/5 (55 ratings by Goodreads)

Graham Sellers, Richard Wright, Nicholas Haemel

Formatas: PDF+DRM
Serija: OpenGL
Išleidimo metai: 04-Jul-2015
Leidėjas: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9780134193106

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Formatas: PDF+DRM
Serija: OpenGL
Išleidimo metai: 04-Jul-2015
Leidėjas: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9780134193106

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OpenGL® SuperBible, Seventh Edition, is the definitive programmer’s guide, tutorial, and reference for OpenGL 4.5, the world’s leading 3D API for real-time computer graphics. The best introduction for any developer, it clearly explains OpenGL’s newest APIs; key extensions; shaders; and essential, related concepts. You’ll find up-to-date, hands-on guidance for all facets of modern OpenGL development—both desktop and mobile.

The authors explain what OpenGL does, how it connects to the graphics pipeline, and how it manages huge datasets to deliver compelling experiences. Step by step, they present increasingly sophisticated techniques, illuminating key concepts with worked examples. They introduce OpenGL on several popular platforms, and offer up-to-date best practices and performance advice.

This extensively updated edition introduces many new OpenGL 4.5/4.4 features, including important ARB and KHR extensions that are now part of the standard. It thoroughly covers the latest Approaching Zero Driver Overhead (AZDO) performance features, and demonstrates key enhancements with new example applications.

Coverage includes

A practical introduction to real-time 3D graphics, including foundational math
Core techniques for rendering, transformations, and texturing
Shaders and the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) in depth
Vertex processing, drawing commands, primitives, fragments, and framebuffers
Compute shaders: harnessing graphics cards for more than graphics
Pipeline monitoring and control
Managing, loading, and arbitrating access to data
Building larger applications and deploying them across platforms
Advanced rendering: light simulation, artistic and non-photorealistic effects, and more
Reducing CPU overhead and analyzing GPU behavior
Supercharging performance with AZDO-persistent maps and bindless textures
Preventing and debugging errors
New applications: texture compression, text drawing, font rendering with distance fields, high-quality texture filtering, and OpenMP

Bonus material and sample code will be made available.

Figures

Tables

xxi

Listings

xxiii

Foreword

xxxi

Preface

xxxiii

The Architecture of the Book

xxxiv

What's New in This Edition

xxxvi

How to Build the Examples

xxxvii

Errata

xxxviii

Note from the Publisher

xxxviii

Acknowledgments

xxxix

About the Author

xli

I Foundations

(238)

1 Introduction

(10)

OpenGL and the Graphics Pipeline

(2)

The Origins and Evolution of OpenGL

(4)

Core Profile OpenGL

(2)

Primitives, Pipelines, and Pixels

(1)

Summary

(2)

2 Our First OpenGL Program

(14)

Creating a Simple Application

(3)

Using Shaders

(7)

Drawing Our First Triangle

(2)

Summary

(1)

3 Following the Pipeline

(28)

Passing Data to the Vertex Shader

(2)

Vertex Attributes

(2)

Passing Data from Stage to Stage

(3)

Interface Blocks

(2)

Tessellation

(4)

Tessellation Control Shaders

(2)

The Tessellation Engine

(1)

Tessellation Evaluation Shaders

(2)

Geometry Shaders

(2)

Primitive Assembly, Clipping, and Rasterization

(4)

Clipping

(1)

Viewport Transformation

(1)

Culling

(2)

Rasterization

(1)

Fragment Shaders

(4)

Framebuffer Operations

(1)

Pixel Operations

(1)

Compute Shaders

(1)

Using Extensions in OpenGL

(5)

Enhancing OpenGL with Extensions

(4)

Summary

(1)

4 Math for 3D Graphics

(44)

Is This the Dreaded Math
Chapter

(1)

A Crash Course in 3D Graphics Math

(12)

Vectors, or Which Way Is Which?

(3)

Common Vector Operators

(4)

Matrices

(2)

Matrix Construction and Operators

(3)

Understanding Transformations

(20)

Coordinate Spaces in OpenGL

(2)

Coordinate Transformations

(8)

Concatenating Transformations

(1)

Quaternions

(2)

The Model-View Transform

(3)

Projection Transformations

(3)

Interpolation, Lines, Curves, and Splines

(8)

Curves

(3)

Splines

(3)

Summary

(2)

5 Data

(106)

Buffers

100

(17)

Creating Buffers and Allocating Memory

100

(7)

Filling and Copying Data in Buffers

107

(2)

Feeding Vertex Shaders from Buffers

109

(8)

Uniforms

117

(23)

Default Block Uniforms

117

(4)

Uniform Blocks

121

(14)

Using Uniforms to Transform Geometry

135

(5)

Shader Storage Blocks

140

(7)

Synchronizing Access to Memory

145

(2)

Atomic Counters

147

(5)

Synchronizing Access to Atomic Counters

151

(1)

Textures

152

(51)

Creating and Initialzing Textures

152

(2)

Texture Targets and Types

154

(2)

Reading from Textures in Shaders

156

(4)

Loading Textures from Files

160

(4)

Controlling How Texture Data Is Read

164

(13)

Array Textures

177

(5)

Writing to Textures in Shaders

182

(12)

Synchronizing Access to Images

194

(1)

Texture Compression

195

(4)

Texture Views

199

(4)

Summary

203

(2)

6 Shaders and Programs

205

(34)

Language Overview

206

(13)

Data Types

206

(7)

Built-In Functions

213

(6)

Compiling, Linking, and Examining Programs

219

(19)

Getting Information from the Compiler

219

(4)

Getting Information from the Linker

223

(2)

Separate Programs

225

(6)

Shader Subroutines

231

(4)

Program Binaries

235

(3)

Summary

238

(1)

II In Depth

239

(326)

7 Vertex Processing and Drawing Commands

241

(64)

Vertex Processing

242

(7)

Vertex Shader Inputs

242

(5)

Vertex Shader Outputs

247

(2)

Drawing Commands

249

(29)

Indexed Drawing Commands

249

(6)

Instancing

255

(14)

Indirect Draws

269

(9)

Storing Transformed Vertices

278

(18)

Using Transform Feedback

279

(5)

Starting, Pausing, and Stopping Transform Feedback

284

(2)

Ending the Pipeline with Transform Feedback

286

(1)

Transform Feedback Example: Physical Simulation

286

(10)

Clipping

296

(7)

User-Defined Clipping

300

(3)

Summary

303

(2)

8 Primitive Processing

305

(60)

Tessellation

306

(27)

Tessellation Primitive Modes

307

(9)

Tessellation Subdivision Modes

316

(3)

Passing Data between Tessellation Shaders

319

(3)

Communication between Shader Invocations

322

(1)

Tessellation Example: Terrain Rendering

323

(6)

Tessellation Example: Cubic Bezier Patches

329

(4)

Geometry Shaders

333

(31)

The Pass-Through Geometry Shader

334

(2)

Using Geometry Shaders in an Application

336

(5)

Discarding Geometry in the Geometry Shader

341

(3)

Modifying Geometry in the Geometry Shader

344

(2)

Generating Geometry in the Geometry Shader

346

(3)

Changing the Primitive Type in the Geometry Shader

349

(3)

Multiple Streams of Storage

352

(1)

New Primitive Types Introduced by the Geometry Shader

353

(8)

Multiple Viewport Transformations

361

(3)

Summary

364

(1)

9 Fragment Processing and the Framebuffer

365

(102)

Fragment Shaders

366

(3)

Interpolation and Storage Qualifiers

366

(3)

Per-Fragment Tests

369

(13)

Scissor Testing

369

(3)

Stencil Testing

372

(4)

Depth Testing

376

(4)

Early Testing

380

(2)

Color Output

382

(8)

Blending

382

(5)

Logical Operations

387

(1)

Color Masking

388

(2)

Off-Screen Rendering

390

(22)

Multiple Framebuffer Attachments

395

(2)

Layered Rendering

397

(6)

Framebuffer Completeness

403

(4)

Rendering in Stereo

407

(5)

Antialiasing

412

(16)

Antialiasing by Filtering

413

(2)

Multi-Sample Antialiasing

415

(2)

Multi-Sample Textures

417

(4)

Sample Rate Shading

421

(3)

Centroid Sampling

424

(4)

Advanced Framebuffer Formats

428

(20)

Rendering with No Attachments

428

(2)

Floating-Point Framebuffers

430

(14)

Integer Framebuffers

444

(2)

The sRGB Color Space

446

(2)

Point Sprites

448

(10)

Texturing Points

449

(1)

Rendering a Star Field

450

(3)

Point Parameters

453

(1)

Shaped Points

454

(2)

Rotating Points

456

(2)

Getting at Your Image

458

(8)

Reading from a Framebuffer

458

(3)

Copying Data between Framebuffers

461

(3)

Reading Back Texture Data

464

(2)

Summary

466

(1)

10 Compute Shaders

467

(36)

Using Compute Shaders

468

(11)

Executing Compute Shaders

469

(5)

Compute Shader Communication

474

(5)

Examples

479

(23)

Compute Shader Parallel Prefix Sum

479

(13)

Compute Shader Flocking

492

(10)

Summary

502

(1)

11 Advanced Data Management

503

(30)

Eliminating Binding

504

(5)

Sparsely Populated Textures

509

(7)

Texture Compression

516

(9)

The RGTC Compression Scheme

516

(3)

Generating Compressed Data

519

(6)

Packed Data Formats

525

(2)

High-Quality Texture Filtering

527

(4)

Summary

531

(2)

12 Controlling and Monitoring the Pipeline

533

(32)

Queries

534

(22)

Occlusion Queries

535

(10)

Timer Queries

545

(4)

Transform Feedback Queries

549

(6)

Pipeline State Queries

555

(1)

Synchronization in OpenGL

556

(6)

Draining the Pipeline

557

(1)

Synchronization and Fences

557

(5)

Summary

562

(3)

III In Practice

565

(178)

13 Rendering Techniques

567

(94)

Lighting Models

568

(42)

The Phong Lighting Model

568

(9)

Blinn-Phong Lighting

577

(2)

Rim Lighting

579

(3)

Normal Mapping

582

(5)

Environment Mapping

587

(10)

Material Properties

597

(2)

Casting Shadows

599

(6)

Atmospheric Effects

605

(5)

Non-Photo-Realistic Rendering

610

(3)

Cell Shading: Texels as Light

610

(3)

Alternative Rendering Methods

613

(34)

Deferred Shading

613

(11)

Screen-Space Techniques

624

(7)

Rendering without Triangles

631

(16)

Two-Dimensional Graphics

647

(12)

Distance Field Textures

647

(9)

Bitmap Fonts

656

(3)

Summary

659

(2)

14 High-Performance OpenGL

661

(68)

Optimizing CPU Performance

661

(16)

Multi-Threading in OpenGL

662

(6)

Packet Buffers

668

(9)

Low-Overhead OpenGL

677

(22)

Indirect Rendering

678

(5)

GPU Work Generation

683

(8)

Zero Copy

691

(8)

Performance Analysis Tools

699

(27)

Windows Performance Toolkit and GPUView

699

(4)

GPU PerfStudio

703

(3)

Tuning Your Application for Speed

706

(20)

Summary

726

(3)

15 Debugging and Stability

729

(14)

Debugging Your Applications

730

(7)

Debug Contexts

730

(7)

Security and Robustness

737

(5)

Graphics Reset

737

(3)

Range-Checked Reads

740

(2)

Summary

742

(1)

A Further Reading

743

(6)

B The SBM File Format

749

(10)

C The SuperBible Tools

759

(38)

Glossary

797

(8)

Index

805

Graham Sellers, AMD Software Architect and Engineering Fellow, represents AMD at the OpenGL ARB. He has contributed to the core OpenGL specification and extensions, and holds several graphics and image processing patents.

Richard S. Wright, Jr., Senior Software Engineer for Software Bisque, developed multimedia astronomy and planetarium software using OpenGL. For more than a decade he taught OpenGL programming in Full Sail Universitys game development degree program.

Nicholas Haemel, Director of Camera Software at NVIDIA, has represented NVIDIA at the Khronos Group standards body and authored many OpenGL extensions.

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