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El. knyga: Opening the Black Box: The Work of Watching

(The Australian National University, Australia)
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Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras are a prominent, if increasingly familiar, feature of urbanism. They symbolize the faith that spatial authorities place in technical interventions for the treatment of social problems. CCTV was principally introduced to sterilize municipalities, to govern conducts and to protect properties. Vast expenditure has been committed to these technologies without a clear sense of how precisely they influence things. CCTV cameras might appear inanimate, but Opening the Black Box shows them to be vital mediums within relational circulations of supervision.

The book principally excavates the social relations entwining the everyday application of CCTV. It takes the reader on a journey from living beneath the camera, to working behind the lens. Attention focuses on the labour exerted by camera operators as they source and process distanced spectacles. These workers are paid to scan monitor screens in search of disorderly vistas, visualizing stimuli according to its perceived riskiness and/or allurement. But the projection of this gaze can draw an unsettling reflection. It can mean enduring behavioural extremities as an impotent witness. It can also entail making spontaneous decisions that determine the course of justice.

Opening the Black Box

, therefore, contemplates the seductive and traumatic dimensions of monitoring telemediated ‘riskscapes’ through the prism of camera circuitry. It probes the positioning of camera operators as ‘vicarious’ custodians of a precarious social order and engages their subjective experiences. It reveals the work of watching to be an ambiguous practice: as much about managing external disturbances on the street as managing internal disruptions in the self.

Recenzijos

"As the role of watching and collection of personal data is increasingly devolved to wide-range of actors, it is important to understand how this monitoring may be shaped by existing social positions. Why, for example, do some surveillance agents become crime fighters or sympathisers or whistleblowers? Opening the Black Box has raised these questions and in doing so the author has made a significant and enduring contribution to the field. The book will become essential reading for those interested in surveillance studies, criminology, urban studies, and organization studies." Michael McCahill, University of Hull, Surveillance and Society

"By challenging the way we understand CCTV, Gavin Smith is in effect opening up a field as important today as that opened up by the early critical analyses of police work in the late 1960s... It is the focus on the work of watching, in the end, that sets this book apart from a mass of more or less predictable analyses and commentaries on CCTV." Pat OMalley, University of Sydney, Australia, Theoretical Criminology

Acknowledgements xvii
PART I Problematising and contextualising watching practices
1(60)
1 Towards supervisory circulations: circuitry coordinates
3(24)
Sensing disruption: the work of watching
3(2)
Interpreting dedicated watching: the surveillance fix
5(7)
Flattening surveillance: envisioning supervisory circulations
12(3)
A fusion of horizons: visibility-visuality alternations
15(8)
Opening closed circuitries: purpose and focus
23(1)
Chapter structure and content
23(4)
2 Engaging circuitries: researching supervisory circulations
27(34)
Setting the scene
27(10)
The (un) visibility of CCTV: protecting the privileged, problematising the poor
37(8)
Under the lens: research on CCTV
45(4)
Contacting supervisory lifeworlds: issues and techniques
49(12)
PART II Engaging the means of watching
61(103)
3 Instigating circuitries: inception and reception
63(42)
Sedimenting inflexibility: instigating circuitries
64(13)
The socio-material sedimentation of expedience: structural and operational solidity
77(6)
The socio-material sedimentation of improvidence: structural and operational fragility
83(22)
Chapter 3 Synopsis
102(3)
4 Construing circuitries: supervisory projection
105(21)
CCTV struggles: strategies and tactics
106(2)
Contact points: supervisory circuitries as para-social mediums
108(5)
Spectacle enchantment: the seduction of watching
113(13)
Chapter 4 Synopsis
124(2)
5 Enduring circuitries: supervisory subjection
126(25)
Affective labour: managing emotionality and caring for the self
127(3)
Spectacle disenchantment: the work of watching
130(7)
Techniques of neutralisation: managing external and internal disturbances
137(14)
Chapter 5 Synopsis
149(2)
6 Sustaining circuitries: supervisory fluctuation
151(13)
Empowered watchers: on capacities for influence
152(3)
Disempowered workers: on experiences of impotence
155(4)
Supervisory boxes of enlightenment
159(5)
References 164(11)
Index 175
Gavin J.D. Smith is a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the Australian National University. He is the author of many reviews, book chapters, journal articles and media reports on the social impacts and implications of surveillance diffusion. His current research explicates the dynamic interplay between systems and subjects of surveillance, particularly the interpretive meanings people attribute to their visibility and the labour they invest in managing their ascribed `data-body'.