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El. knyga: Opioid Dependence: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Approach

  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Oct-2017
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319474977
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Opioid Dependence: A Clinical and Epidemiologic ApproachDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Oct-2017
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319474977
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The book begins with a public health/epidemiologic examination of the situation, with a systematic view of the problem based on classic (infectious disease) epidemiologic principles applied to this behavioral health issue. This application is expanded to take into account the fact that unlike most epidemics in our species’ history, a unique factor that must be accounted for in any public health analysis is that the host (opioid-dependent/misusing patient) is generally not under sufficiently strong motivation to avoid the disease. The introduction concludes with a survey of recent containment approaches, categorized epidemiologically by target (agent, vector, host.)

The remainder of the book is organized according to this framework, addressing agent, vector/transmission and host, respectively. Sections Three and Four comprise the major focus of the book, and are dedicated primarily to practical education for primary care providers in preventing opioid use disorder, and overcoming it after the fact.

Recenzijos

The book is intended for all healthcare professionals, specifically prescribers including physicians, nurse practitioners, advanced practice nurses, and residents who treat patients with acute and chronic pain. It is also appropriate for nonprescribers and trainees in healthcare settings managing these patient populations. This book covers the increasingly problematic opiate abuse problem from an epidemiological perspective. (Michael Easton, Doody's Book Reviews, March, 2018) This is quite of an intro into mind puzzling theme as opioid dependence which caught attention of all medical professionals prescribing opioid medications. I would like to conclude that authors gave great insight into scientificviews of opioid dependence and medication assisted therapy but emphasized that it requires much more than this for accomplishing recovery from opioid dependence. (Marijana Batkovi, Alcoholism and Psychiatry Research, Vol. 53 (2). 2017)

Part I Overview of the Epidemic
1 An Epidemiologic Perspective
3(20)
How Did We Get Here?
4(3)
Some Basic Definitions
7(1)
Ingredients for a (Successful) Epidemic
8(1)
Striking the Right Balance
9(1)
Moths to a Flame
10(1)
Strategies in the War Against Opioid Abuse
11(1)
Addressing the Agent
11(1)
Addressing the Vector
12(2)
Addressing the Host: Creating Immunity
14(3)
Summary
17(1)
References
18(5)
Part II Focusing on the Agent
2 Understanding the Agent, Part I: Opioid Biology and Basic Pharmacology
23(26)
Opioid Biology
24(1)
Endogenous Opioids: The Body's Natural Analgesics
24(4)
Opioid Receptors
28(3)
Opioid-Modulating Systems
31(2)
Opioid Pharmacology
33(1)
Opioid Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
33(2)
Absorption and Transport
35(1)
Distribution and Metabolism
36(2)
Pharmacogenetics
38(3)
Tolerance
41(1)
Summary
42(1)
References
43(6)
3 Understanding the Agent, Part II: Adverse Effects
49(24)
Opioid Adverse Effects
50(1)
Psychiatric
50(4)
Neurologic
54(2)
Respiratory
56(2)
Cardiovascular
58(1)
Endocrine
59(1)
Immunologic
60(1)
Gastroenterologic
61(2)
Urologic
63(1)
Dermatologic
63(1)
Literature Review of Adverse Effects
63(3)
Summary
66(1)
References
66(7)
4 Understanding the Agent, Part III: Specific Drugs
73(26)
Currently Available (Outpatient) Prescription Opioids
74(1)
Buprenorphine
74(3)
Codeine
77(3)
Fentanyl
80(2)
Hydrocodone
82(1)
Hydromorphone
82(1)
Levorphanol
83(1)
Meperidine
83(1)
Methadone
84(2)
Morphine
86(1)
Oxycodone
87(3)
Oxymorphone
90(1)
Tapentadol
90(1)
Tramadol
91(1)
Summary
92(1)
References
93(6)
5 Attenuating the Agent: Reducing Opioid "Virulence"
99(22)
Introduction
99(1)
Brief Overview of Opioid Addiction Biology
100(3)
Overview of Virulence Attenuation Strategies
103(1)
Modifying Existing Central MOR Agonists
103(1)
Extended-Release/Long-Acting Opioids
103(2)
Abuse-Deterrent/Tamper-Resistant Formulations
105(3)
Prodrugs
108(1)
"Outside-the-Box" Approaches
108(1)
Partial Agonists
108(1)
Peripheral Agonists
109(1)
Atypical Strategies
110(3)
Summary
113(1)
References
113(8)
Part III Focusing on the Vector
6 Best Practices Education, Part I: Pain Physiology, Psychology, and Alternatives to Opioids
121(28)
Introduction
122(2)
Pain Basic Science Primer
124(1)
Nociception and the Cartesian Model
124(5)
Neuropathic Pain and Central Sensitization
129(2)
Cancer Pain
131(1)
Neural Plasticity and Chronic Pain
132(1)
Perception and Modulation
132(3)
The Biopsychosocial Model and Pain Psychology
135(1)
Non-opioid Pain Management
136(1)
Prevention and Multimodal Care
136(3)
Opioid Alternatives/Multimodal Analgesia in the Perioperative Setting
139(1)
Psychosocial Assessment and Therapy
140(1)
Patient Education and Fostering Self-Efficacy
140(1)
Spirituality of Pain and Suffering
141(2)
Summary
143(1)
References
143(6)
7 Best Practices Education, Part II: Evidence for and Against Opioid Therapy
149(26)
Introduction
150(1)
Opioid Therapy in Acute Pain
151(1)
General Considerations
151(2)
Perioperative Opioid Therapy
153(3)
Opioid Therapy in Chronic Non-cancer Pain
156(1)
Chronic "Nociceptive" Pain
157(4)
Neuropathic Pain
161(2)
Chronic Visceral Pain
163(1)
Summary of Opioid Use in Chronic Non-cancer Pain
164(1)
Opioid Therapy in Cancer Pain
165(1)
Summary
166(1)
References
167(8)
8 Best Practices Education, Part III: Regulatory and Advisory Issues Related to Opioid Therapy for Pain
175(32)
Introduction
177(1)
How to Prescribe Opioids: Regulatory Issues
177(2)
History of (Federal) Opioid Prescribing Legislation
179(1)
Federal Regulations for Opioid Prescribing
180(2)
State Regulations for Opioid Prescribing
182(4)
State Medical and Nursing Board Rules for Opioid Prescribing
186(1)
How to Prescribe Opioids: Advisory Issues
186(1)
Legal Compliance
187(1)
Understanding Pain
187(1)
Thorough Evaluation and Risk Stratification
187(1)
Clear Functional and Analgesic Treatment Goals and Plan
188(1)
Informed Consent and Treatment Agreement ("Opioid Contract")
189(1)
Initiating (or Continuing) a Trial of Opioid Therapy
190(1)
Consultation and Referral
191(1)
Prescribing Methadone for Pain
191(1)
Discontinuing Opioid Therapy
192(1)
Guidelines on Opioid Prescribing for Cancer Pain
192(3)
Other Recommendations
195(1)
Specific Precautions
195(1)
Driving Precautions
195(3)
Eugeroics and Stimulants
198(1)
Bowel Hygiene Agents
198(1)
Naloxone Prescription
199(1)
Rotation and Holidays
199(1)
Summary
200(1)
References
201(6)
Part IV Focusing on the Host
9 Addressing Host Factors: Overview of Dependence and Addiction
207(26)
Introduction
208(2)
Outcome Definitions
210(2)
Overview of Addiction
212(1)
Cardinal Phenomena of Addiction and Related Questions
213(1)
Addiction Theories and Models: Choice
214(2)
Addiction as Learned Behavior
216(1)
Addiction as a Spiritual/Religious Problem
217(1)
Addiction Theories and Models: Compulsion
217(1)
Introduction to Biologic/Disease Models
218(1)
Genetic Models
218(1)
The Dopamine Theory
219(2)
Rethinking Dopamine
221(2)
Limitations of Biology
223(1)
Addiction Theories and Models: Social Systems
224(1)
Relationships and Substance Abuse
224(1)
The Subculture of Substance Abuse
225(1)
Motivational Theory and Addiction
225(1)
Summary
226(2)
References
228(5)
10 Opioid Dependence Risk Factors and Risk Assessment
233(32)
Introduction
234(1)
Risk Factors for Opioid Misuse and Dependence
235(1)
Genetic Risk Factors
236(1)
Biological Risk Factors
236(2)
Psychosocial Risk Factors
238(4)
Other Sociodemographic Risk Factors
242(1)
Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder
243(1)
Prescription Factors and Opioid Use Disorder Risk
243(1)
Population-Level Analyses
244(1)
Primary Preventive Risk Assessment Approaches
245(1)
Instruments for Initial Risk Assessment
246(5)
Secondary Preventive/Aberrancy Assessment Approaches
251(1)
Instruments to Monitor Compliance/Identify Current Aberrancy
252(3)
Summary
255(1)
References
256(9)
11 Addressing Host Factors: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Opioid Dependence
265(21)
Introduction
266(1)
Primary Prevention
267(5)
Secondary Prevention
272(2)
Tertiary Prevention
274(1)
Treatment of Opioid Addiction: General Considerations
274(2)
Treatment of Opioid Addiction: Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)
276(5)
Behavioral Treatment
281(4)
Summary
285(1)
References 286(5)
Conclusion 291(4)
Index 295
Heath McAnally, MD, MSPH

Medical Director

Northern Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, LLC

Eagle River, AK, USA

 

Clinical Instructor

University of Washington School of Medicine

WWAMI Program

Anchorage, AK, USA
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