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Optimizing Physical Performance During Fasting and Dietary Restriction: Implications for Athletes and Sports Medicine [Kietas viršelis]

Roy J. Shephard (University of Toronto, Canada), Ezdine Bouhlel (University of Manouba, Tunisia)

Formatas: Hardback, 301 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 635 g, 27 Tables, color; 8 Illustrations, color
Išleidimo metai: 18-Aug-2015
Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-10: 1498725651
ISBN-13: 9781498725651

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Formatas: Hardback, 301 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 635 g, 27 Tables, color; 8 Illustrations, color
Išleidimo metai: 18-Aug-2015
Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
ISBN-10: 1498725651
ISBN-13: 9781498725651

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Orthopaedics & fractures - (Šiuo metu turimos knygos: 7 prekės)
Sports injuries & medicine - (Šiuo metu turimos knygos: 4 prekės)
Sport science, physical education - (Šiuo metu turimos knygos: 1 prekės)

Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781498725651.html

Raktažodžiai:

Optimizing Physical Performance During Fasting and Dietary Restriction examines the effects of sustained fasting and food restrictions on metabolism and physical performance in athletes. It provides broad coverage including both religious and non-religious fasting and dietary restrictions.

This practical and evidence-based guide outlines recent findings from peer-reviewed literature as well as original experiments conducted by the authors, who are experts in the supervision of athletes during fasting. The book presents findings and information simply and clearly and also summarizes implications for athletes.

Written in an accessible style, each chapter reviews 30 to 100 investigations and also includes relevant citations, teaching objectives, definitions of key terms, summary of key points, practical implications for athletes, and questions for discussion

Recenzijos

"This book is unique in that it excels in incorporating recent peer-reviewed literature. The content is laid out in an easy to navigate maner, enabling readers to find their topics of interest using the index and subsections. This is a useful book for readers interested in learning more about how sports nutrition practices may be affecting athletic performance. It is unique in the way it is able to cover a broad range of topics that closely integrate how future assessment and implementation of training programs can result in different outcomes, supported by case studies and peer-reviewed literature." -5 stars (100/100), Erik H. Van Iterson, PhD, MS, MBio (Mayo Clinic), Doody's Book Review Service

Preface

Contributors

xvii

1 Introduction: Characteristics of Fasting

(12)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

(1)

Total Fasting and Dietary Restrictions

(2)

Intermittent Fasting during Ramadan

(4)

Overall Requirements for Observant Muslims

(1)

Fasting

(1)

Implications for Sedentary Individuals

(1)

Implications for Athletes

(2)

Fasting in the Greek Orthodox Church

(1)

Daniel Fasting

(1)

Focus of the Present Text

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Discussion

(1)

References

(1)

Further Reading

(2)

2 Changes of Body Mass and Energy Balance during Fasting and Dietary Restriction

(40)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Energy Balance

(3)

Energy Intake

(2)

Energy Expenditure

(1)

Basal Metabolic Rate

(1)

Physical Exercise

(1)

Other Sources of Energy Expenditure

(1)

Body Stores of Energy and Fluids

(2)

Carbohydrate

(1)

Fat

(1)

Protein

(1)

Fluid

(1)

Issue of Metabolic Ketosis

(2)

Classical View of Metabolic Ketosis

(1)

Impact of Circumpolar Research

(1)

Laboratory Trials of a Ketotic Diet

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Severe Food Deprivation

(2)

Minnesota Starvation Study

(1)

Other Studies of Severe Food Deprivation

(1)

Prolonged Moderate Food Restriction

(2)

Dieting Alone

(1)

Dieting Plus Exercise

(1)

Vegan-Type Dietary Restrictions

(1)

Restrictions of Fluid Intake

(6)

Fluid Needs

(1)

Aerobic Performance

(1)

Muscular Performance

(3)

Anaerobic Power and Capacity

(1)

Thermoregulation

(1)

Cerebral Function

(1)

Other Adverse Effects

(1)

Time Needed for Rehydration

(1)

Intermittent (Ramadan) Fasting

(4)

Sedentary Subjects

(2)

Athletic Individuals

(2)

Total Fasting

(4)

Short-Term Fasting (12--36 hours)

(3)

Medium-Term Fasting (3--10 days)

(1)

Dietary Guidelines

(1)

Other Practical Implications

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Discussion

(1)

References

(10)

Further Reading

(1)

3 Carbohydrate Metabolism and Fasting

(16)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

(1)

Nature of Carbohydrates and Normal Daily Requirements

(2)

Classification of Carbohydrates

(1)

Monosaccharides

(1)

Disaccharides

(1)

Polysaccharides

(1)

Carbohydrate Stores and Physical Performance

(1)

Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Anabolic and Catabolic Activities

(1)

Effects of Exercise Intensity and Duration on Carbohydrate Oxidation

(1)

Impact of Carbohydrate Supplements upon Physical Performance

(2)

Prior to Exercise

(1)

During Exercise

(1)

Effect of Fasting and/or Dietary Restrictions on Carbohydrate Metabolism

(2)

Impact of Ramadan Observance on Carbohydrate Intake and Blood Glucose

(2)

Implications for Athletic Performance

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Discussion

(1)

References

(3)

Further Reading

(2)

4 Mobilization and Utilization of Lipids during Dietary Restriction Conditions

(24)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

(1)

Fat Metabolism under Non-Fasting Conditions

(7)

Characteristics and Functions of Adipose Tissue

(1)

Regulation of Lipolysis

(1)

Factors Limiting Lipolysis

(1)

Transport of Long-Chained Fatty Acids into the Mitochondria

(1)

Metabolism of Fat at Rest

(1)

Metabolism of Fat during Exercise

(1)

Determination of the Crossover Point

(1)

Effect of Exercise Intensity

(1)

Low-Intensity Exercise

(1)

Moderate-Intensity Exercise

(1)

High-Intensity Exercise

(1)

Effect of Exercise Duration

(1)

Effects of Endurance Training and Fitness Level

(1)

General Effects of Fasting upon Fat Metabolism

(6)

Total Fasting

(2)

Severe Dietary Restriction

(1)

Moderate Dietary Restriction

(1)

Ramadan Observance

(2)

Effects of Ramadan Observance upon Fat Metabolism in Athletes

(1)

Resting Conditions

(1)

During Exercise

(2)

Practical Applications

(1)

Areas Requiring Further Research

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Key Terms

(3)

Questions for Discussion

(1)

References

(4)

Further Reading

(1)

5 Protein Metabolism during Dietary Restriction

(24)

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

(1)

Normal Protein Needs of the Body

(2)

Nutritional Recommendations

(1)

Nutritional Deficiency

(1)

Dietary Timing

(1)

Mechanisms Regulating Anabolic and Catabolic Activity

(2)

Hormonal Regulators

(1)

Training Response

(1)

Energy Deficiency during Exercise

(1)

Severe Dietary Restriction

(1)

Regulation during Ramadan Observance

(1)

Prolonged Energy Deficit

(1)

Dietary Restrictions, Protein Intake and Catabolism

(6)

Dietary Composition during Prolonged Dieting

(1)

Dietary Options during Ramadan Observance

(1)

Determining Dietary Composition

(1)

Empirical Data for Ramadan

(3)

Sedentary Subjects

101

(1)

Athletes

101

(1)

Changes in Plasma Amino Acid and Protein Concentrations

102

(1)

Changes in Serum of Urea and Uric Acid

103

(1)

Changes in Blood Glucose

103

(1)

Changes in Body Composition with Dietary Restriction

103

(3)

Sedentary Subjects

103

(3)

Athletes

106

(1)

Practical Implications

106

(2)

Conclusions

108

(1)

Key Terms

108

(3)

Questions for Discussion

111

(1)

References

111

(5)

Further Reading

116

(1)

6 Hydration and Fluid Restriction in Athletes

117

(18)

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

117

(1)

Introduction

117

(1)

Normal Regulation of Fluid Balance in Human Subjects

118

(1)

Methods of Assessing Dehydration

119

(2)

Body Mass

119

(1)

Haemoglobin and Haematocrit

120

(1)

Serum Sodium Concentrations

120

(1)

Urinary Volumes and Specific Gravity

121

(1)

Bioimpedance Data

121

(1)

Effects of Water Deprivation

121

(1)

Effects of Repeated Moderate Fluid Restriction in Sedentary Individuals

122

(3)

Body Mass

124

(1)

Haemoglobin and Haematocrit

124

(1)

Serum Biochemistry

124

(1)

Urinary Volumes and Fluid Balance

125

(1)

Conclusions

125

(1)

Effects of Intermittent Fluid Restriction in Athletes

125

(4)

Body Mass

127

(1)

Haemoglobin and Haematocrit

127

(1)

Serum Biochemistry and Bioimpedance

128

(1)

Urinary Volumes and Specific Gravity

128

(1)

Practical Implications for the Muslim Athlete

129

(1)

Other Patterns of Fluid Depletion in Athletes

129

(1)

Conclusions

130

(1)

Key Terms

130

(1)

Questions for Discussion

131

(1)

References

132

(2)

Further Reading

134

(1)

7 Changes in Hormone Levels and Circadian Rhythms during Fasting

135

(26)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Zouhair Tabka

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

135

(1)

Introduction

135

(1)

Hormonal Adaptations to Exercise and Training

136

(4)

Insulin

136

(1)

Growth Hormone

137

(1)

Cortisol

138

(1)

Catecholamines

138

(1)

Glucagon

138

(1)

Thyroid Hormones

138

(1)

Sex Hormones

139

(1)

Antidiuretic Hormone and Aldosterone

139

(1)

Training Effects

139

(1)

Metabolic and Hormonal Responses to Fasting

140

(4)

Cortisol

143

(1)

Sex Hormones

143

(1)

Catecholamines

143

(1)

Protein Metabolism

143

(1)

Hormonal Responses to the Intermittent Fasting of Ramadan

144

(3)

Melatonin

144

(1)

Catecholamines and Thyroid Hormones

144

(2)

Cortisol and ACTH

146

(1)

Leptin and Adiponectin

147

(1)

Sex Hormones

147

(1)

Changes in Exercise Hormonal Responses during Ramadan Observance

147

(1)

Ramadan Observance, Sleep Patterns and Circadian Rhythms

148

(4)

Sleep Duration

149

(1)

Sedentary Subjects

150

(1)

Athletes

150

(1)

Sleep Quality

150

(1)

Circadian Rhythms

151

(1)

Rhythms of Body Temperature and Metabolism

151

(1)

Circadian Rhythms of Body Hormones

151

(1)

Circadian Rhythms of Physical Performance

152

(1)

Vigilance and Psychomotor Performance

152

(1)

Practical Implications

152

(1)

Conclusions

153

(1)

Key Terms

153

(2)

Questions for Discussion

155

(1)

References

155

(5)

Further Reading

160

(1)

8 Oxidative Stress and Fasting

161

(22)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

161

(1)

Introduction

161

(4)

Balance between Oxidative Stress and the Antioxidative Response

162

(2)

Oxidative Stress during Exercise

164

(1)

Training and the Balance between Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses

165

(1)

Dietary Modifications and Oxidative Stress

165

(2)

Oxidative Stress and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting

167

(4)

Dietary Restriction in Patients with Clinical Conditions

171

(1)

Dietary Restrictions and Oxidant Stress in Laboratory Animals

171

(2)

Practical Implications for Athletes

173

(1)

Conclusions

174

(1)

Key Terms

174

(2)

Questions for Discussion

176

(1)

References

176

(5)

Further Reading

181

(2)

9 Effects of Dietary and Fluid Restrictions upon Physical Performance, Cognition and Vigilance

183

(24)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

183

(1)

Introduction

184

(2)

Anaerobic Performance

186

(3)

Anaerobic Power

186

(1)

Anaerobic Capacity

187

(2)

Aerobic Performance

189

(3)

Aerobic Power

189

(1)

Aerobic Capacity

190

(2)

Muscular Strength and Endurance

192

(3)

Muscle Strength

193

(1)

Muscular Endurance

194

(1)

Agility

195

(1)

Psychomotor Performance

195

(4)

Cognition and Reaction Times

196

(1)

Vigilance

196

(1)

Mood State

196

(1)

Cognitive Function during Exercise

196

(3)

Areas Requiring Further Research

199

(1)

Practical Applications

199

(1)

Conclusions

200

(1)

Key Terms

200

(2)

Questions for Discussion

202

(1)

References

203

(3)

Further Reading

206

(1)

10 Nutritional Recommendations for Dietary Restriction

207

(18)

Roy J Shephard

Ezdine Bouhlel

Learning Objectives

207

(1)

Introduction

207

(1)

Dieting and the Sedentary Person

208

(1)

Carbohydrate Requirements and Dietary Restriction

209

(3)

CHO and Recovery Processes

209

(1)

Carbohydrate Intake before Competition

210

(1)

Carbohydrate Intake on the Day before and on the Day of Competition

211

(1)

Carbohydrate Intake during Competition

211

(1)

Lipid Requirements and Dietary Restriction

212

(3)

Exercise Intensity and Duration

212

(1)

Type of Exercise

212

(1)

Endurance Training

213

(1)

Fasting or Dietary Restriction

213

(1)

High-Lipid Diets

213

(2)

Low-Lipid Diets

215

(1)

Protein Needs of the Athlete during Ramadan

215

(1)

Issues of Hydration

216

(2)

Antioxidant Supplementation during Fasting

218

(1)

Conclusions

218

(1)

Key Terms

218

(3)

Questions for Discussion

221

(1)

References

221

(3)

Further Reading

224

(1)

11 Tactics to Sustain Training and Competitive Performance during Fasting

225

(14)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

225

(1)

Concepts Underlying Modern Training Techniques

225

(1)

Changes in Patterns of Training during Fasting or Dietary Restriction

226

(2)

Sedentary Individuals

226

(2)

Athletes

228

(1)

Changes in Volume and Time of Training during Ramadan Observance

228

(5)

Changes in Training Time

232

(1)

Practical Implications for Athletes

233

(1)

Conclusions

233

(1)

Key Terms

234

(1)

Questions for Discussion

235

(1)

References

235

(3)

Further Reading

238

(1)

12 Coping and Recovery Tactics during Fasting and Dietary Restriction

239

(18)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Roy J Shephard

Mohamed Dogui

Learning Objectives

239

(1)

Recovery Mechanisms Following an Exercise Bout

239

(5)

Restoration of Initial Metabolic Status

240

(1)

Oxygen Stores

240

(1)

Phosphagen Stores

240

(1)

Lactate Accumulation and Elimination

241

(1)

Normalization of Resting Metabolism

241

(1)

Rebuilding of Energy and Fluid Reserves

242

(1)

Glycogen Reserves

242

(1)

Carbohydrate Administration during the Recovery Period

242

(1)

Muscle Injuries

243

(1)

Other Physical Recovery Techniques

244

(1)

Psychological Recovery and Mental Preparation

245

(1)

Rest, Napping and Sleeping during Fasting

245

(4)

Experimental Fasting

245

(2)

Sleep and Recovery Processes

247

(1)

Ramadan Observance and Sleep

247

(2)

Ramadan Observance and Napping

249

(1)

Practical Implications for Athletes

249

(1)

Conclusions

250

(1)

Key Terms

250

(2)

Questions for Discussion

252

(1)

References

252

(4)

Further Reading

256

(1)

13 Miscellaneous Medical Issues during Dietary and Fluid Restriction

257

(16)

Roy J Shephard

Learning Objectives

257

(1)

Dietary and Fluid Restrictions and Doping Control Measures

257

(2)

Current Regulations

257

(1)

Problems in Providing the Minimum Required Volume of Urine

258

(1)

Problems in Analysing Concentrated Urine Specimens

259

(1)

Dietary Restrictions and Prescribed Medication

259

(1)

Dietary Restrictions and General Health

260

(2)

Acute Health Problems

260

(1)

Chronic Health Issues

261

(1)

Dietary Restrictions and the Risk of Injury

262

(2)

Restriction of Fluid Intake and Heat Stress

264

(1)

Risk

264

(1)

Potential Preventive Measures

265

(1)

Warning Symptoms

265

(1)

Treatment

265

(1)

General Medical Advice

265

(1)

Conclusions

266

(1)

Key Terms

266

(1)

Questions for Discussion

267

(1)

References

268

(5)

14 Conclusions

273

(4)

Ezdine Bouhlel

Index

277

Ezdine Bouhlel, PhD, is a professor of exercise physiology in the Higher School of Sport and Physical Education of Tunis at the University of Manouba in Tunisia. He is also a member of the Research Unit in Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse at the University of Sousse in Tunisia.

Roy J. Shephard, MD, PhD, is a professor emeritus of applied physiology in the Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education at the University of Toronto in Canada.

Optimizing Physical Performance During Fasting and Dietary Restriction: Implications for Athletes and Sports Medicine [Kietas viršelis]

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