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Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenance 2013 ed. [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 337 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 5329 g, XII, 337 p., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Apr-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 1489994017
  • ISBN-13: 9781489994011
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenance 2013 ed.Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 337 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 5329 g, XII, 337 p., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Apr-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 1489994017
  • ISBN-13: 9781489994011
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781489994011.html
Raktažodžiai:

Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenanceprovides the information necessary for developing and operating an effective maintenance program for stormwater treatment. The book offers instructions on how to measure the level of performance of stormwater treatment practices directly and bases proposed maintenance schedules on actual performance and historical maintenance efforts and costs. The inspection methods, which are proven in the field and have been implemented successfully, are necessary as regulatory agencies are demanding evaluations of the performance of stormwater treatment practices. The authors have developed a three-tiered approach that offers readers a standard protocol for how to determine the effectiveness of stormwater treatment practices currently in place.



Providing useful standard protocols for determining the effectiveness of storm water treatment practices, this volume includes a substantial number of relevant case studies using the author’s four-level approach, which standardizes protocol in the sector.

1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Need for Treatment
2(1)
1.2 Need for Maintenance
3(1)
1.3 Maintenance Challenges and Limitations
4(1)
1.4 Assessment Strategies
5(2)
1.4.1 Visual Inspection, Testing, and Monitoring
6(1)
1.5 Need for This Book
7(1)
1.6 About This Book
8(3)
2 Impacts and Composition of Urban Stormwater
11(12)
2.1 Impacts of Urban Stormwater
11(10)
2.1.1 Flow and Channel Alteration
12(1)
2.1.2 Nutrients
12(1)
2.1.3 Metals
13(1)
2.1.4 Chloride
14(1)
2.1.5 Bacteria and Viruses
15(2)
2.1.6 Temperature
17(1)
2.1.7 Oxygen-Demanding Substances
18(2)
2.1.8 Hydrocarbons
20(1)
2.2 Composition of Urban Stormwater
21(2)
3 Stormwater Treatment Processes
23(12)
3.1 Physical Processes
24(6)
3.1.1 Sedimentation
24(3)
3.1.2 Filtration
27(1)
3.1.3 Infiltration
28(1)
3.1.4 Thermal Processes
29(1)
3.2 Biological Processes
30(2)
3.2.1 Degradation of Organic Matter
30(1)
3.2.2 Denitrification
30(1)
3.2.3 Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake
31(1)
3.3 Chemical Processes
32(3)
3.3.1 Metals
32(1)
3.3.2 Phosphate
33(2)
4 Stormwater Treatment Practices
35(18)
4.1 Sedimentation Practices
36(3)
4.1.1 Dry Ponds
36(1)
4.1.2 Wet Ponds
37(1)
4.1.3 Underground Sedimentation Devices
38(1)
4.2 Filtration Practices
39(6)
4.2.1 Surface Sand Filters
40(2)
4.2.2 Underground Sand Filters
42(1)
4.2.3 Soil Filters
43(1)
4.2.4 Hybrid Filters
43(1)
4.2.5 Enhanced Sand Filters
44(1)
4.3 Infiltration Practices
45(3)
4.3.1 Infiltration Basins
45(1)
4.3.2 Infiltration Trenches
46(1)
4.3.3 Permeable Pavements
46(2)
4.4 Biologically Enhanced Practices
48(5)
4.4.1 Bioretention Practices
48(1)
4.4.2 Bioinfiltration Practices
49(1)
4.4.3 Biofiltration Practices
49(1)
4.4.4 Constructed Wetlands
50(1)
4.4.5 Filter Strips and Swales
50(3)
5 Visual Inspection of Stormwater Treatment Practices
53(24)
5.1 What Is Visual Inspection?
53(2)
5.2 Common Visual Inspection Items
55(10)
5.2.1 History
55(1)
5.2.2 Access
56(1)
5.2.3 Inlet and Outlet Structures
56(2)
5.2.4 Multicomponent Systems
58(1)
5.2.5 Water in the Practice
59(1)
5.2.6 Illicit Discharges
60(1)
5.2.7 Erosion and Sediment Deposition
60(3)
5.2.8 Soil and Vegetation
63(1)
5.2.9 Litter and Debris
64(1)
5.2.10 Banks or Sides of Practices
64(1)
5.3 Visual Inspection for Sedimentation Practices
65(4)
5.3.1 Water in the Practice
66(1)
5.3.2 Erosion and Sediment Deposition
66(1)
5.3.3 Soil and Vegetation
67(1)
5.3.4 Downstream Conditions
68(1)
5.3.5 Structural Integrity
68(1)
5.4 Visual Inspection for Filtration Practices
69(2)
5.4.1 Water in the Practice
69(1)
5.4.2 Erosion and Sediment Deposition
69(1)
5.4.3 Downstream Conditions
70(1)
5.4.4 Soil and Vegetation
70(1)
5.5 Visual Inspection for Infiltration Practices
71(2)
5.5.1 Water in the Practice
71(1)
5.5.2 Erosion and Sediment Deposition
72(1)
5.5.3 Soil and Vegetation
72(1)
5.6 Visual Inspection for Biological Practices
73(4)
5.6.1 Inlet and Outlet Structures
73(1)
5.6.2 Water in the Practice
74(1)
5.6.3 Soil and Vegetation
74(3)
6 Capacity Testing of Stormwater Treatment Practices
77(16)
6.1 Measuring Sedimentation
78(3)
6.1.1 Measuring Sediment Surface Elevations
78(1)
6.1.2 Scheduling Maintenance
79(1)
6.1.3 Dry Ponds
79(1)
6.1.4 Wet Ponds
80(1)
6.1.5 Underground Sedimentation Devices
80(1)
6.1.6 Constructed Wetlands
80(1)
6.2 Measuring Infiltration/Filtration
81(6)
6.2.1 Measuring Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
82(1)
6.2.2 Dry Ponds
83(2)
6.2.3 Filtration Practices
85(1)
6.2.4 Infiltration Basins
85(1)
6.2.5 Infiltration Trenches
86(1)
6.2.6 Permeable Pavements
86(1)
6.2.7 Bioretention Practices (Rain Gardens)
86(1)
6.2.8 Filter Strips and Swales
87(1)
6.3 Case Study: Capacity Testing of Infiltration Rates at a Bioinfiltration Practice
87(6)
6.3.1 Assessment Goals
88(1)
6.3.2 Assessment Techniques
88(2)
6.3.3 Assessment Results
90(1)
6.3.4 Scheduling Maintenance
91(2)
7 Synthetic Runoff Testing of Stormwater Treatment Practices
93(28)
7.1 Measuring Sediment Retention
94(1)
7.2 Measuring Infiltration/Filtration Rate
95(1)
7.3 Finding an Adequate Water Source
96(6)
7.4 Dry Ponds
102(1)
7.4.1 Determining Pollutant Removal Efficiency
102(1)
7.5 Wet Ponds
103(2)
7.6 Underground Sedimentation Devices
105(9)
7.6.1 Case Study: Synthetic Runoff Testing of an Underground Sedimentation Device
105(9)
7.7 Filtration Practices
114(3)
7.8 Infiltration Basins
117(1)
7.9 Infiltration Trenches
118(1)
7.10 Permeable Pavements
118(1)
7.11 Scheduling Maintenance
119(2)
8 Monitoring of Stormwater Treatment Practices
121(16)
8.1 What Is Monitoring?
121(1)
8.2 Monitoring Sedimentation Practices
122(2)
8.2.1 Dry Ponds
123(1)
8.2.2 Wet Ponds
123(1)
8.2.3 Underground Sedimentation Devices
123(1)
8.3 Monitoring Filtration Practices
124(1)
8.4 Monitoring Infiltration Practices
125(1)
8.4.1 Infiltration Basins
125(1)
8.4.2 Infiltration Trenches
125(1)
8.4.3 Permeable Pavements
126(1)
8.5 Monitoring Biologically Enhanced Practices
126(2)
8.5.1 Bioretention Practices (Rain Gardens)
127(1)
8.5.2 Constructed Wetlands and Swales
127(1)
8.5.3 Filter Strips
128(1)
8.6 Case Study: Monitoring a Dry Detention Pond with Underdrains
128(7)
8.6.1 Assessment Goals
130(1)
8.6.2 Assessment Techniques
130(2)
8.6.3 Assessment Results
132(1)
8.6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
133(2)
8.7 Scheduling Maintenance
135(2)
9 Water Budget Measurement
137(26)
9.1 Water Budgets
138(2)
9.2 Open Channel Flow
140(8)
9.2.1 Weirs
143(4)
9.2.2 Humes
147(1)
9.2.3 Recommendations for Open Channel Flow
148(1)
9.3 Flow in Conduits
148(5)
9.3.1 Closed Conduit Flow
148(1)
9.3.2 Partially Full Conduits
149(4)
9.4 Infiltration
153(7)
9.4.1 Infiltration Measurement Devices
153(7)
9.4.2 Comparison of Field Infiltrometers
160(1)
9.4.3 Recommendations for Measuring Infiltration
160(1)
9.5 Rainfall
160(3)
9.5.1 Recommendations for Measuring Rainfall
162(1)
10 Water Sampling Methods
163(30)
10.1 Representative Samples
166(1)
10.2 Number of Storm Events
167(2)
10.3 Samples Per Storm Events
169(7)
10.3.1 Row-Weighted, Time-Weighted, and User-Defined Sampling
170(5)
10.3.2 Discrete and Composite Samples
175(1)
10.4 In Situ, On-Site, and Grab, and Automatic Sampling
176(5)
10.4.1 Temperature
177(2)
10.4.2 pH or Hydrogen Ions
179(1)
10.4.3 Conductivity
180(1)
10.4.4 Turbidity
180(1)
10.4.5 Dissolved Oxygen
181(1)
10.4.6 Nutrients
181(1)
10.5 Additional Considerations for Automatic Sampling
181(10)
10.5.1 Automatic Sampling Equipment
181(1)
10.5.2 Equipment Placement and Maintenance
182(2)
10.5.3 Winter Sampling in Cold Climates
184(1)
10.5.4 Automatic Sampling of Water Containing Suspended Solids
185(6)
10.6 Sample Handling
191(1)
10.7 Recommendations for Water Sampling Methods
192(1)
11 Analysis of Water and Soils
193(22)
11.1 Selecting Analytical Methods
193(1)
11.2 Constituents in Water
194(5)
11.2.1 Suspended Solids
195(1)
11.2.2 Salinity-Related Variables
195(1)
11.2.3 Natural Organic Matter
196(1)
11.2.4 Phosphorus
196(2)
11.2.5 Nitrogen
198(1)
11.2.6 Algae Abundance
198(1)
11.2.7 Metals
198(1)
11.3 Soils
199(8)
11.3.1 Soil Properties
200(5)
11.3.2 Soil Constituents
205(2)
11.4 Quality Assurance Program
207(5)
11.4.1 Quality Control
207(1)
11.4.2 Quality Assessment
208(1)
11.4.3 Bias
209(1)
11.4.4 Precision
210(1)
11.4.5 Detection Limit
211(1)
11.5 Implementation and Verification
212(2)
11.6 Recommendations for Analysis of Water and Soils
214(1)
12 Data Analysis
215(50)
12.1 Data Analysis for Visual Inspection
215(1)
12.2 Data Analysis for Capacity Testing
216(9)
12.2.1 Assessment of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Retention Time for Filtration Practices
216(4)
12.2.2 Assessment of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Retention Time for Infiltration Practices
220(5)
12.2.3 Sediment Accumulation Testing
225(1)
12.3 Data Analysis for Synthetic Runoff Testing
225(10)
12.3.1 Assessment of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Retention Time for Filtration Practices
226(3)
12.3.2 Assessment of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Retention Time for Infiltration Practices
229(4)
12.3.3 Assessment of Volume Reduction for Infiltration Practices
233(1)
12.3.4 Assessment of Pollutant Removal
234(1)
12.4 Data Analysis for Monitoring
235(30)
12.4.1 Assessment of Stormwater Volume Reduction
236(5)
12.4.2 Assessment of Pollutant Removal
241(24)
13 Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment Practices
265(20)
13.1 Maintenance of Sedimentation Practices
267(5)
13.1.1 Actions
267(3)
13.1.2 Frequency, Effort, and Cost
270(2)
13.1.3 Recommendations
272(1)
13.2 Maintenance of Filtration Practices
272(3)
13.2.1 Actions
272(2)
13.2.2 Frequency, Effort, and Cost
274(1)
13.2.3 Recommendations
275(1)
13.3 Maintenance of Infiltration Practices
275(4)
13.3.1 Actions
276(1)
13.3.2 Frequency, Effort, and Cost
277(1)
13.3.3 Recommendations
278(1)
13.4 Maintenance of Biologically Enhanced Practices
279(6)
13.4.1 Actions
279(2)
13.4.2 Frequency, Effort, and Cost
281(2)
13.4.3 Recommendations
283(2)
Appendix A Visual Inspection Checklists 285(36)
References 321(10)
Index 331
Andrew Erickson is a registered professional engineer in the State of Minnesota and research fellow at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory working on projects related to assessment and maintenance of stormwater treatment practices, developing of new stormwater treatment technologies, and modeling stormwater treatment practices. 

Peter Weiss is a Professor of Civil Engineering at Valparaiso University and a registered professional engineer in the state of Indiana. His research interests include the construction and maintenance costs of stormwater treatment practices and optimizing stormwater treatment practice performance. He has acted as a consultant for the City of Valparaiso, Indiana to assess the performance of stormwater management practices within the city.

John Gulliver is a Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Minnesota and a registered professional engineer. He has run a successful stormwater treatment research program in collaboration with colleagues for over 10 years.