Contributors |
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xxiii | |
Symbols and abbreviations |
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xxv | |
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1 | (22) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (4) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (118) |
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24 | (2) |
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History taking and making notes |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (2) |
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Examination and investigation of the patient |
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Evaluation of breast disease |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (2) |
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Evaluation of the abdomen |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (2) |
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Evaluation of pelvic disease |
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38 | (2) |
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Evaluation of peripheral vascular disease |
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40 | (2) |
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Evaluation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue disease |
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42 | (2) |
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Surgery at the extremes of age |
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44 | (2) |
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Day case and minimally invasive surgery |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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Surgery and the contraceptive pill |
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50 | (2) |
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Surgery in endocrine disease |
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52 | (2) |
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Surgery and heart disease |
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54 | (2) |
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Surgery and respiratory disease |
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56 | (2) |
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Surgery in renal and hepatic disease |
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58 | (2) |
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Surgery in neurological disease |
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60 | (2) |
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Pre-optimization of the patient |
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62 | (2) |
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Nutrition in surgical patients |
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64 | (2) |
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Getting the patient to theatre |
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66 | (2) |
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Prophylaxis---antibiotics and thromboprophylaxis |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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Sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (2) |
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Blood products and procoagulants |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (2) |
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Postoperative haemorrhage |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (2) |
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Respiratory complications |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (2) |
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Gastrointestinal complications |
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112 | (2) |
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Neurological complications |
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114 | (2) |
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Haematological complications |
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116 | (2) |
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Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (2) |
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Commonly used terms in ITU |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (4) |
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Ventilation and respiratory support |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (2) |
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Sepsis, SIRS, MODS, and ALI |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (38) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (2) |
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Cysts, sinuses, and fistulas |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Clot and thrombus: ischaemia and infarction |
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154 | (2) |
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Gangrene and capillary ischaemia |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (2) |
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Surgically important microorganisms |
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170 | (2) |
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Blood-borne viruses and surgery |
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172 | (2) |
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Disorders of bleeding and coagulation |
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174 | (2) |
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Anaemia and polycythaemia |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (34) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (2) |
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Insertion arterial cannula |
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190 | (2) |
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Insertion central venous catheter |
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192 | (2) |
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Insertion intercostal drain |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (2) |
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Nasogastric tube insertion |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (2) |
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Suprapubic catheterization |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (14) |
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Thyroglossal cyst, sinus, and fistula |
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214 | (2) |
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Branchial cyst, sinus, and fistula |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (2) |
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Squamous carcinoma of the mouth |
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224 | (3) |
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6 Breast and endocrine surgery |
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227 | (32) |
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228 | (2) |
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Surgical treatment of breast cancer |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (2) |
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Thyroid tumours---types and features |
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242 | (2) |
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Thyroid tumours---diagnosis and treatment |
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244 | (2) |
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Post thyroid surgery emergencies |
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246 | (2) |
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Primary hyperparathyroidism |
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248 | (2) |
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (3) |
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7 Upper gastrointestinal surgery |
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259 | (36) |
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Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy |
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260 | (2) |
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Oesophageal motility disorders |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (2) |
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Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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Chronic intestinal ischaemia |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (2) |
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Acute upper Gl perforation |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (2) |
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Gynaecological causes of lower abdominal pain |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (3) |
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8 Liver, pancreatic, and biliary surgery |
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295 | (24) |
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Jaundice---causes and diagnosis |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (2) |
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Cancer of the liver, gallbladder, and biliary tree |
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312 | (2) |
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Acute variceal haemorrhage |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (14) |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (2) |
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Umbilical and epigastric hernias |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (3) |
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333 | (38) |
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Symptoms and signs in urology |
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334 | (2) |
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Investigations of urinary tract disease |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (2) |
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Obstruction of the ureter |
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340 | (2) |
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
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342 | (2) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (2) |
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Disorders of the foreskin |
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348 | (2) |
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Common conditions of the penis |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (2) |
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Adenocarcinoma of the kidney |
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354 | (2) |
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Transitional cell tumours |
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356 | (2) |
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Adenocarcinoma of the prostate |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (2) |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (2) |
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Acute urinary retention (AUR) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (32) |
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372 | (2) |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (2) |
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Restorative pelvic surgery |
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382 | (2) |
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Diverticular disease of the colon |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (2) |
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390 | (2) |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (2) |
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398 | (2) |
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Postoperative anastomotic leakage |
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400 | (3) |
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403 | (34) |
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Principles of managing paediatric surgical cases |
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404 | (2) |
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Acute abdominal emergencies---overview |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (2) |
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410 | (2) |
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412 | (2) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (2) |
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Rare causes of intestinal obstruction |
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418 | (2) |
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420 | (2) |
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) |
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422 | (2) |
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Inguinal hernia and scrotal swellings |
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424 | (2) |
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426 | (2) |
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Prepuce (foreskin) and circumcision |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (2) |
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Solid tumours of childhood |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (3) |
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437 | (12) |
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Management of major trauma |
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438 | (2) |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (3) |
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449 | (72) |
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450 | (2) |
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Examination of the limbs and trunk |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (2) |
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Reduction and fixation of fractures |
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456 | (2) |
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458 | (2) |
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Fractures of the phalanges and metacarpals |
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460 | (2) |
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462 | (2) |
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Fractures of the distal radius and ulna |
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464 | (2) |
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Fractures of the radius and ulna shaft |
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466 | (2) |
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Fractures and dislocations around the elbow in children |
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468 | (2) |
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Fractures around the elbow in adults |
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470 | (2) |
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Dislocations and fracture dislocations of the elbow |
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472 | (2) |
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Fractures around the shoulder |
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474 | (2) |
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Dislocations of the shoulder region |
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476 | (2) |
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Fractures of the ribs and sternum |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (2) |
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482 | (2) |
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484 | (2) |
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Fractures of the tibial shaft |
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486 | (2) |
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488 | (2) |
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Fractures of the tarsus and foot |
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490 | (2) |
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Injuries and the spinal radiograph |
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492 | (2) |
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494 | (2) |
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Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis |
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496 | (2) |
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498 | (2) |
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Peripheral nerve injuries |
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500 | (2) |
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502 | (2) |
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Osteoarthrosis (osteoarthritis) |
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504 | (2) |
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506 | (2) |
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508 | (2) |
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510 | (2) |
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512 | (2) |
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Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) |
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514 | (2) |
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516 | (2) |
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518 | (2) |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (28) |
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522 | (4) |
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526 | (2) |
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528 | (2) |
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530 | (2) |
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Excision of simple cutaneous lesions |
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532 | (2) |
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534 | (2) |
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536 | (2) |
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Soft tissue hand injuries |
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538 | (2) |
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540 | (2) |
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542 | (2) |
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544 | (2) |
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546 | (2) |
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548 | (1) |
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16 Cardiothoracic surgery |
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549 | (20) |
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Five common calls to cardiothoracic ITU |
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550 | (2) |
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552 | (2) |
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Principles of cardiac surgery |
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554 | (2) |
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556 | (2) |
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558 | (2) |
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560 | (2) |
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562 | (2) |
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564 | (2) |
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566 | (3) |
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17 Peripheral vascular disease |
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569 | (34) |
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570 | (2) |
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Chronic upper limb ischaemia |
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572 | (2) |
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Chronic lower limb ischaemia: introduction |
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|
574 | (2) |
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Intermittent claudication |
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576 | (2) |
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578 | (2) |
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580 | (2) |
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Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm |
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582 | (2) |
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584 | (2) |
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586 | (2) |
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588 | (2) |
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590 | (2) |
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592 | (2) |
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594 | (2) |
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596 | (2) |
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598 | (2) |
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Complications in vascular surgery |
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600 | (3) |
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603 | (16) |
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Basic transplant immunology |
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604 | (2) |
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Immunosuppression and rejection |
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606 | (2) |
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608 | (2) |
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610 | (2) |
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Heart and lung transplantation |
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612 | (2) |
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Kidney and pancreas transplantation |
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614 | (2) |
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616 | (3) |
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19 Surgery in tropical diseases |
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619 | (32) |
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620 | (2) |
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622 | (2) |
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Amoebiasis and amoebic liver abscess |
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624 | (2) |
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626 | (2) |
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628 | (2) |
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Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) |
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630 | (2) |
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632 | (2) |
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634 | (2) |
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636 | (2) |
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638 | (2) |
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640 | (2) |
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Tuberculosis in the tropics |
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642 | (2) |
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Leprosy (`Hansen's disease') |
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644 | (2) |
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646 | (2) |
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648 | (2) |
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|
650 | (1) |
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20 Eponymous terms and rarities |
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|
651 | |
Index |
|
671 | |
Acknowledgements |
|
xvii | |
Contributors |
|
xviii | |
Symbols and abbreviations |
|
xix | |
|
Part 1 Emergency surgery---the basics |
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3 | (8) |
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Approaches to the emergency surgical patient |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (3) |
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2 Preparing the patient for surgery |
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11 | (30) |
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12 | (4) |
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Preoperative optimization: introduction |
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16 | (1) |
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Preoperative fluid management |
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17 | (1) |
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Preoperative electrolyte correction |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (2) |
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Preoperative correction of haematological abnormalities |
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22 | (2) |
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Preoperative optimization of chronic medical conditions |
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24 | (2) |
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Preoperative thromboembolism prophylaxis |
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26 | (2) |
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Other preoperative optimization considerations |
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|
28 | (2) |
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30 | (2) |
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|
32 | (4) |
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Preparation for endoscopy |
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|
36 | (1) |
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Preparation for interventional radiology |
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37 | (4) |
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Part 2 Problem-based emergency surgery |
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|
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|
41 | (56) |
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|
42 | (4) |
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Airway with cervical spine protection |
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46 | (4) |
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|
50 | (2) |
|
Circulation with haemorrhage control |
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|
52 | (6) |
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Disability (neurological assessment) |
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58 | (2) |
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|
60 | (2) |
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Adjuncts to the primary survey |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (2) |
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|
66 | (4) |
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Abdominal and pelvic trauma |
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|
70 | (6) |
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76 | (4) |
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80 | (6) |
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|
86 | (4) |
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|
90 | (2) |
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|
92 | (2) |
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|
94 | (3) |
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|
97 | (34) |
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|
98 | (4) |
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Assessment of the acute abdomen |
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|
102 | (6) |
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|
108 | (2) |
|
Differential diagnosis according to site at presentation |
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|
110 | (2) |
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Right upper quadrant pain |
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|
112 | (2) |
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|
114 | (2) |
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|
116 | (2) |
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|
118 | (2) |
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|
120 | (2) |
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|
122 | (2) |
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|
124 | (1) |
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|
125 | (1) |
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Gynaecological causes of the acute abdomen |
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|
126 | (2) |
|
Medical causes of the acute abdomen |
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|
128 | (2) |
|
Conditions you must never forget |
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|
130 | (1) |
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|
131 | (42) |
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|
132 | (4) |
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|
136 | (6) |
|
|
142 | (4) |
|
Shortness of breath/low SaO2 |
|
|
146 | (8) |
|
|
154 | (4) |
|
|
158 | (4) |
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
Acute wound problems: introduction |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
Laparotomy wound dehiscence |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Superficial wound infection and wound abscess |
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|
169 | (4) |
|
Part 3 Disease-based emergency surgery |
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|
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|
173 | (16) |
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|
174 | (4) |
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|
178 | (2) |
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|
180 | (2) |
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|
182 | (2) |
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|
184 | (1) |
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|
185 | (1) |
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|
186 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications |
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|
188 | (1) |
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|
189 | (34) |
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|
190 | (6) |
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|
196 | (4) |
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|
200 | (4) |
|
Corrosive oesophageal injuries |
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|
204 | (1) |
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|
205 | (1) |
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|
206 | (2) |
|
Gastric outlet obstruction |
|
|
208 | (2) |
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|
210 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: gastrectomy |
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|
212 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: oesophagectomy |
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|
214 | (1) |
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Early postoperative complications: laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: laparoscopic gastric banding |
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|
216 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: laparoscopic gastric bypass |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: upper Gl endoscopy |
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|
220 | (3) |
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|
223 | (20) |
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|
224 | (2) |
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|
226 | (2) |
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|
228 | (4) |
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|
232 | (2) |
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|
234 | (2) |
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|
236 | (2) |
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|
238 | (1) |
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|
239 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: liver resection |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: ERCP and PTC |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (18) |
|
|
244 | (6) |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
|
252 | (4) |
|
Early postoperative complications: Whipple's procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) |
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: splenectomy |
|
|
258 | (3) |
|
|
261 | (40) |
|
|
262 | (6) |
|
Mechanical bowel obstruction |
|
|
268 | (8) |
|
Non-mechanical large bowel obstruction |
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
|
284 | (4) |
|
Inflammatory bowel disease |
|
|
288 | (4) |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: small or large bowel resection |
|
|
294 | (4) |
|
Early postoperative complications: stomas |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: lower Gl endoscopy |
|
|
299 | (2) |
|
11 The anus and anal canal |
|
|
301 | (14) |
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
|
304 | (3) |
|
Prolapsed internal haemorrhoids |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (2) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
12 Breast and endocrine surgery |
|
|
315 | (6) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: breast surgery |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: thyroid and parathyroid surgery |
|
|
318 | (3) |
|
|
321 | (34) |
|
|
322 | (4) |
|
|
326 | (6) |
|
|
332 | (5) |
|
|
337 | (3) |
|
Varicose vein haemorrhage |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: introduction |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: open AAA repair |
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: endovascular aneurysm repair |
|
|
344 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: limb revascularization |
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: carotid endarterectomy |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: angiography/angloplasty/stenting |
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: thrombolysis |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: amputation |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: open varicose vein surgery |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (16) |
|
|
356 | (4) |
|
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Malrotation and midgut volvulus |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
|
364 | (2) |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
|
371 | (34) |
|
Acute scrotal pain: introduction |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Torsion of the testicular and epididymal appendices |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Other causes of acute scrotal pain and swelling |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (4) |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: nephrectomy |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: radical cystectomy |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: radical prostatectomy |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: percutaneous nephrolithotomy |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: transurethral resection of the prostate |
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
Early postoperative complications: transurethral resection of bladder tumour and cystoscopy |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: scrotal surgery |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: circumcision |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: lithotripsy |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Early postoperative complications: ureteroscopy |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (22) |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis |
|
|
408 | (4) |
|
|
412 | (4) |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
Peripheral nerve injuries: overview |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
Specific peripheral nerve injuries and their detection |
|
|
420 | (4) |
|
Early postoperative complications |
|
|
424 | (3) |
|
|
427 | (26) |
|
|
428 | (6) |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
436 | (4) |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
Intracerebral haemorrhage |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Severe diffuse traumatic brain injury |
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
450 | (3) |
|
18 Cardiothoracic surgery |
|
|
453 | (22) |
|
Rib fractures: introduction |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
Rib fractures: flail chest |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
Pneumothorax: introduction |
|
|
458 | (2) |
|
|
460 | (2) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Tracheobronchial injuries |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
468 | (4) |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
19 Miscellaneous conditions |
|
|
475 | (16) |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
Necrotizing soft tissue infections |
|
|
478 | (4) |
|
Sepsis in the surgical patient |
|
|
482 | (4) |
|
Abdominal compartment syndrome |
|
|
486 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
491 | (48) |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Superficial venous cannulation |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
Arterial blood gas sampling |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
Nasogastric tube insertion |
|
|
498 | (4) |
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
Transurethral bladder catheterization |
|
|
504 | (4) |
|
Suprapubic bladder catheterization |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
|
510 | (4) |
|
Rigid sigmoidoscopy ± flatus tube insertion |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
Needle thoracic decompression |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
Peritoneal drainage (paracentesis) |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
Pleural drainage/aspiration |
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
Intercostal chest drain insertion |
|
|
522 | (4) |
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
Central venous catheterization |
|
|
528 | (6) |
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
|
536 | (3) |
Index |
|
539 | |