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El. knyga: Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians

4.22/5 (16 ratings by Goodreads)
(Clinical Research Fellow, Imperial College London, UK), (Professor of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK), (Senior Lecturer in Statistics, University of Bath, UK), , (Senior Lecturer in Epidemiology Imperial College London, UK)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Oxford Handbooks Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-May-2012
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191546136
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for CliniciansDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Serija: Oxford Handbooks Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-May-2012
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191546136
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The Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians provides all the information required by students and junior doctors who need to understand and translate key epidemiological concepts into medical practice. Unlike standard textbooks in this area, the focus throughout is on clinical applications of epidemiological knowledge. Divided into four sections, the handbook begins with the basics of epidemiology in the clinic, moving on to the theories behind evidence-based practice, discussions of optimum methods and studies, and then ends by looking at the epidemiology of common diseases. The material is presented in a logical manner, from problems to the most appropriate solutions or tools to be applied. Interesting topics such as controversies in prevention intervention encourage discussion and thought, and the authors pose sensible and important questions throughout. This handbook is a must for all junior doctors, medical students, and clinicians who need to apply epidemiological concepts to day-to-day practice or who want a practical step-by-step guide to undertaking research, conducting reviews of evidence, or writing up publications.

Recenzijos

The science is sound, and the coverage is comprehensive, as might be expected of the expert team of editors. The prose is easy to read, and the usual Handbook style lends itself to easy reference and a quick grasp of key points for each topic. The book is an extremely useful resource for young doctors in general clinical specialities. * Occupational Medicine * As a hybrid between an introduction to epidemiology and a quick reference for use in clinical decision-making, this book provides a great deal of information in little space. As a quick reference for use in daily practice, it is unique. * Doody's Notes, August 2013 * More than ever clinicians need to understand evidence. This handbook is an invaluable means for grasping the principles of epidemiology as applied to everyday clinical practice. It also makes the case for integrating evidence-based prevention into our work, and includes an excellent guide to the epidemiology of diseases. * From the Foreward by Professor the Lord Darzi of Denham PC, KBE * This excellently written book packs in a lot of material in just under 400 pages. The authors have done a great job in focusing on the clinical relevance of the material and even include helpful tips on communicating bad prognoses to patients... It is an excellent aide-memoire and refresher. * Journal of Public Health *

Daugiau informacijos

Highly Commended in the Basis of Medicine Category, BMA Book Awards 2013
Symbols and abbreviations xvii
Glossary of terms xx
Statistical formulae xxvii
Section 1 Epidemiology in the clinic
1(70)
Introduction
2(1)
1 The diagnostic process
3(24)
Introduction: epidemiology in the, clinic
4(2)
Measures of disease frequency
6(3)
Distribution of disease
9(1)
Is there anything wrong!
10(2)
Risk factors
12(2)
Identifying risk factors
14(2)
Validity of diagnostic tests
16(2)
Clinical uses of predictive value
18(2)
Pre-test probability
20(2)
Likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities
22(4)
So what has my patient got? The Bayesian clinician
26(1)
2 Management decisions
27(24)
Decisions, decisions... the principles of clinical management
28(2)
What is prognosis! Looking into the crystal ball
30(2)
Prognosis: mortality
32(2)
Prognosis: morbidity
34(2)
Evidence-based management
36(2)
Clinical guidelines
38(4)
How effective is the treatment?
42(2)
Interpreting reports of clinical trials
44(2)
How appropriate is the treatment?
46(2)
Patient-centred decision-making
48(3)
3 Risk communication and promoting health
51(20)
Health promotion in clinical practice
52(2)
Could it have been prevented?
54(2)
Communicating risk
56(2)
Health promotion in the clinic
58(2)
Smoking and alcohol advice
60(2)
Exercise, weight, and dietary advice
62(2)
Sexual health
64(2)
Outbreak investigation
66(2)
Breaking the chain of infection
68(3)
Section 2 Evidence-based practice
71(72)
Introduction
72(1)
4 Finding and summarizing evidence
73(24)
Finding and evaluating existing evidence
74(2)
Electronic resources
76(2)
Critical appraisal
78(4)
Appraisal checklists
82(2)
CONSORT statement
84(4)
Systematic review
88(2)
Meta-analysis
90(2)
Analysis and interpretation of a meta-analysis
92(5)
5 Preventive medicine and screening
97(22)
Prevention strategies
98(2)
Levels of prevention
100(2)
Preventing communicable disease
102(2)
Preventing non-communicable disease: example of cardiovascular disease
104(2)
Basic infectious disease epidemiology
106(2)
Vaccination
108(4)
Screening overview
112(2)
Screening programmes
114(2)
Evaluating screening programmes
116(2)
Major UK screening programmes
118(1)
6 Evaluating clinical practice
119(24)
Introduction
122(1)
Clinical governance and ethics
122(2)
Carrying out an audit: getting started
124(2)
Choosing the standards
126(3)
Writing your protocol
129(1)
Choosing the sample
130(2)
Data collection
132(2)
Data collection: examples
134(2)
Analysing data
136(2)
Interpreting findings
138(2)
Changing practice
140(2)
Completing the process
142(1)
Section 3 Epidemiological methods
143(140)
Introduction
144(1)
7 Types of study
145(52)
Types of evidence and study designs
146(2)
Basic concepts in epidemiological research
148(2)
Interpreting associations
150(4)
Confounding
154(2)
Association or causation?
156(4)
The nature of causality
160(2)
Time trend and geographical (ecological) studies
162(2)
Ecological studies: examples
164(2)
Surveys and cross-sectional studies
166(4)
Cross-sectional studies: examples
170(2)
Case-control studies
172(4)
Case-control studies: examples
176(2)
Cohort studies
178(6)
Cohort studies: examples
184(2)
Intervention studies and clinical trials
186(4)
Clinical trials: examples
190(2)
Clinical trial phases
192(2)
Choosing the right type of study
194(3)
8 Sources of data
197(20)
Introduction: good quality data
198(4)
Routine data
202(4)
Clinical uses of routine data
206(4)
Death certification
210(4)
Referral to the coroner
214(1)
Infectious disease notification
215(1)
Cancer registration
216(1)
9 Statistical concepts
217(28)
Introduction
218(2)
Data and variables
220(2)
Summarizing sample data
222(2)
Measures of central location
224(2)
Measures of dispersion
226(2)
Sampling variability
228(2)
Probability distributions
230(2)
Confidence intervals
232(2)
Hypothesis tests
234(4)
Statistical or clinical significance
238(2)
Sample size and power calculations
240(2)
When to consult a statistician
242(3)
10 Statistical techniques in clinical medicine
245(38)
Independent t-test
216(32)
Paired t-tests
248(2)
Confidence intervals for a proportion
250(2)
Normal test for difference in proportions
252(2)
Chi-squared test for association
254(2)
Parametric and non-parametric tests
256(1)
Mann-Whitney U test
257(1)
Wilcoxon's signed-rank test
258(2)
Linear regression
260(2)
Correlation coefficients
262(2)
T-tests for regression coefficients
264(2)
Multiple regression
266(2)
Analysis of variance
268(4)
Logistic regression
272(2)
Measuring survival
274(2)
Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator
276(2)
Log-rank test
278(1)
Cox proportional hazards model
279(1)
Receiver operating characteristic curves
280(3)
Section 4 Epidemiology of common diseases
283(99)
Introduction
284(1)
11 Global burden of disease
285(12)
Terminology
286(2)
Global burden of non-communicable disease
288(4)
Burden of non-communicable disease in the UK
292(2)
Global burden of communicable disease
294(2)
Burden of communicable disease in the UK
296(1)
12 Epidemiology of diseases
297(85)
Arthritis
298(2)
Asthma
300(2)
Bladder cancer
302(2)
Brain and CNS cancer
304(2)
Breast cancer
306(2)
Cardiovascular disease
308(2)
Cerebrovascular disease
310(2)
Cervix cancer
312(2)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
314(2)
Cirrhosis of the liver
316(2)
Colorectal cancer
318(2)
Coronary heart disease
320(2)
Dementia
322(2)
Depression
324(2)
Diabetes
326(2)
Emerging infectious disease
328(2)
Gastroenteritis
330(2)
Healthcare associated Infections
332(2)
High blood pressure and hypertension
334(2)
HIV/AIDS
336(2)
Influenza
338(2)
Kidney cancer
340(2)
Leukaemia
342(2)
Liver cancer
344(2)
Lung cancer
346(2)
Malaria
348(2)
Malignant melanoma
350(2)
Measles
352(2)
Meningococcal disease
354(2)
Neglected tropical diseases
356(2)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
358(2)
Oesophageal cancer
360(2)
Pancreatic cancer
362(2)
Peptic ulcer disease
364(2)
Prostate cancer
366(2)
Road traffic accidents
368(2)
Self-inflicted injuries
370(2)
Sexually transmitted infections
372(2)
Stomach cancer
374(2)
Tuberculosis
376(4)
Viral hepatitis
380(2)
Index 382
Helen Ward is Professor of Public Health at Imperial College London and an Honorary Consultant in the Clinical Directorate of Public Health and Primary Care in the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. She is Director of Education for the School of Public Health and has extensive experience teaching epidemiology, public and global health to medical students and health professionals. She leads a research group working on the epidemiology and control of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, and directs Imperial's Centre for Patient Experience Research.

Dr Mireille Toledano is a senior lecturer in epidemiology at Imperial College London and an investigator of the MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health specialising in environmental epidemiology and exposure assessment. She is currently a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, following successful completion of a postgraduate certificate in higher education at Imperial College London.

Paul Elliott is Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine at Imperial College London and an Honorary Consultant in the Clinical Directorate of Public Health and Primary Care in the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. He is also the Director of the MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health which coordinates a major programme of scientific research and postgraduate training in the health effects of environmental pollutants. He has particular interests in clinical biobanks and molecular epidemiology.

Gavin Shaddick is Reader in statistics at the Department of Mathematical Sciences at University of Bath. He has previously held positions as a lecturer and senior lecturer at the University of Bath, a research assistant at the Department of Epidemiology at Imperial College, London, and a research assistant and fellow at the Environmental Epidemiology Unit, London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.



Bethan Davies studied Medicine at Cambridge University and is training in Public Health. She is currently working as a Clinical Research Fellow at Imperial College London.
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