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El. knyga: Oxford Handbook of the History of English [Oxford Handbooks Online E-books]

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The availability of large electronic corpora has caused major shifts in linguistic research, including the ability to analyze much more data than ever before, and to perform micro-analyses of linguistic structures across languages. This has historical linguists to rethink many standard assumptions about language history, and methods and approaches that are relevant to the study of it. The field is now interested in, and attracts, specialists whose fields range from statistical modeling to acoustic phonetics. These changes have even transformed linguists' perceptions of the very processes of language change, particularly in English, the most studied language in historical linguistics due to the size of available data and its status as a global language.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of English takes stock of recent advances in the study of the history of English, broadening and deepening the understanding of the field. It seeks to suggest ways to rethink the relationship of English's past with its present, and make transparent the variety of conditions and processes that have been instrumental in shaping that history. Setting a new standard of cross-theoretical collaboration, it covers the field in an innovative way, providing diachronic accounts of major influences such as language contact, and typological processes that have shaped English and its varieties, as well as highlighting recent and ongoing developments of Englishes--celebrating the vitality of language change over the centuries and the many contexts and processes through which language change occurs.
Contributors xv
Abbreviations xxxvii
Introduction: Rethinking and extending approaches to the history of the English language 1(18)
Terttu Nevalainen
Elizabeth Closs Traugott
PART I RETHINKING EVIDENCE
Guide to Part I
EVIDENCE
1 Evidence for the history of English: Introduction
19(18)
Susan Fitzmaurice
Jeremy Smith
2 Evidence from sources prior to 1500
37(13)
Carole Hough
3 Coins as evidence
50(3)
Philip A. Shaw
4 Editing early English texts
53(10)
Simon Horobin
5 Evidence from sources after 1500
63(16)
Joan C. Beal
6 Examples of evidence from phonology
79(19)
Nikolaus Ritt
6.1 Middle English phonology in the digital age: What written corpora can tell us about sound change
81(6)
6.2 Evidence for sound change from Scottish corpora
87(3)
Wendy Anderson
6.3 GOAT vowel variants in the Diachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English (DECTE)
90(4)
Karen P. Corrigan
6.4 Analyzing the ONZE data as evidence for sound change
94(4)
Jennifer Hay
7 Using dictionaries and thesauruses as evidence
98(13)
Julie Coleman
8 Evidence from surveys and atlases in the history of the English language
111(12)
William A. Kretzschmar Jr.
Merja Stenroos
9 Evidence from historical corpora up to the twentieth century
123(11)
Merja Kyto
Paivi Pahta
10 Variability-based neighbor clustering: A bottom-up approach to periodization in historical linguistics
134(11)
Stefan Th. Gries
Martin Hilpert
11 Data retrieval in a diachronic context: The case of the historical English courtroom
145(12)
Dawn Archer
OBSERVING RECENT CHANGE THROUGH ELECTRONIC CORPORA
12 Some methodological issues related to corpus-based investigations of recent syntactic changes in English
157(18)
Mark Davies
13 "Small is beautiful": On the value of standard reference corpora for observing recent grammatical change
175(14)
Marianne Hundt
Geoffrey Leech
14 Exploring variation and change in New Englishes: Looking into the International Corpus of English (ICE) and beyond
189(11)
Joybrato Mukherjee
Marco Schilk
15 Change in the English infinitival perfect construction
200(11)
Jill Bowie
Bas Aarts
16 Revisiting the reduplicative copula with corpus-based evidence
211(11)
Anne Curzan
17 Exploring aspects of the Great Complement Shift, with evidence from the TIME Corpus and COCA
222(11)
Juhani Rudanko
18 Diachronic collostructional analysis meets the noun phrase: Studying many a noun in COHA
233(12)
Martin Hilpert
19 From opportunistic to systematic use of the Web as corpus: Do-support with got (to) in contemporary American English
245(16)
Christian Mair
PART II ISSUES IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY
Guide to Part II
MASS COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGIES
20 Technologies of communication
261(24)
Thomas Kohnen
Christian Mair
21 Oral practices in the history of English
285(10)
Ursula Schaefer
22 Forms of early mass communication: The religious domain
295(9)
Tanja Rutten
23 From manuscript to printing: Transformations of genres in the history of English
304(10)
Claudia Claridge
24 The competing demands of popularization vs. economy: Written language in the age of mass literacy
314(15)
Douglas Biber
Bethany Gray
25 The impact of electronically-mediated communication on language standards and style
329(12)
Naomi S. Baron
26 Old news: Rethinking language change through Australian broadcast speech
341(11)
Jenny Price
27 The commodification of language: English as a global commodity
352(13)
Deborah Cameron
SOCIOCULTURAL PROCESSES
28 Sociocultural processes and the history of English
365(27)
Jonathan Culpeper
Minna Nevala
29 Democratization
392(10)
Michael Farrelly
Elena Seoane
30 Changing attitudes and political correctness
402(10)
Geoffrey Hughes
31 Social roles, identities, and networks
412(10)
Minna Palander-Collin
32 Changes in politeness cultures
422(12)
Andreas H. Jucker
33 The history of English seen as the history of ideas: Cultural change reflected in different translations of the New Testament
434(12)
Anna Wierzbicka
34 Attitudes, prescriptivism, and standardization
446(11)
Carol Percy
35 Perceptions of dialects: Changing attitudes and ideologies
457(13)
Chris Montgomery
36 English in Ireland: A complex case study
470(15)
Tony Crowley
PART III APPROACHES FROM CONTACT AND TYPOLOGY
Guide to Part III
LANGUAGE CONTACT
37 Assessing the role of contact in the history of English
485(12)
Raymond Hickey
38 Early English and the Celtic hypothesis
497(11)
Raymond Hickey
39 Language contact in the Scandinavian period
508(10)
Angelika Lutz
40 Language contact and linguistic attitudes in the Later Middle Ages
518(10)
Tim William Machan
41 Code-switching in English of the Middle Ages
528(10)
Paivi Pahta
42 Ethnic dialects in North American English
538(11)
Charles Boberg
43 Contact in the African area: A Southern African perspective
549(11)
Ana Deumert
Rajend Mesthrie
44 Contact in the Asian arena
560(12)
Lisa Lim
Umberto Ansaldo
45 Contact-induced change in English worldwide
572(10)
Edgar W. Schneider
46 Second language varieties of English
582(10)
Devyani Sharma
47 Pidgins and creoles in the history of English
592(13)
Donald Winford
TYPOLOGY AND TYPOLOGICAL CHANGE
48 Typology and typological change in English historical linguistics
605(17)
Bernd Kortmann
49 The drift of English toward invariable word order from a typological and Germanic perspective
622(11)
John A. Hawkins
50 Typological hierarchies and frequency drifts in the history of English
633(10)
Mikko Laitinen
51 Lexical typology and typological changes in the English lexicon
643(11)
Alexander Haselow
52 Analyticity and syntheticity in the history of English
654(12)
Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
53 Grammaticalization in nonstandard varieties of English and English-based pidgins and creoles
666(10)
Agnes Schneider
54 Toward an automated classification of Englishes
676(15)
Søren Wichmann
Matthias Urban
PART IV RETHINKING CATEGORIES AND MODULES
Guide to Part IV
CYCLES AND CONTINUA
55 Cycles and continua: On unidirectionality and gradualness in language change
691(30)
Ricardo Bermudez-Otero
Graeme Trousdale
56 Quantitative evidence for a feature-based account of grammaticalization in English: Jespersen's Cycle
721(14)
Phillip Wallage
57 The syntax-lexicon continuum
735(13)
Cristiano Broccias
58 Toward a unified theory of chain shifting
748(13)
Aaron J. Dinkin
59 (Non)-rhoticity: Lessons from New Zealand English
761(12)
Jennifer Hay
Alhana Clendon
60 Lenition in English
773(15)
Patrick Honeybone
61 Continua and clines in the development of New Englishes
788(15)
Devyani Sharma
Caroline R. Wiltshire
INTERFACES WITH INFORMATION STRUCTURE
62 The interaction between syntax, information structure, and prosody in word order change
803(19)
Roland Hinterholzl
Ans van Kemenade
63 Rethinking the loss of verb second
822(13)
Ans van Kemenade
64 Rethinking the OV/VO alternation in Old English: The effect of complexity, grammatical weight, and information status
835(11)
Ann Taylor
Susan Pintzuk
65 The impact of focusing and defocusing on word order: Changes at the periphery in Old English and Old High German
846(13)
Svetlana Petrova
66 The loss of local anchoring: From adverbial local anchors to permissive subjects
859(14)
Bettelou Los
Gea Dreschler
67 Stress clash and word order changes in the left periphery in Old English and Middle English
873(11)
Augustin Speyer
68 Clefts as resolution strategies after the loss of a multifunctional first position
884(15)
Bettelou Los
Erwin Komen
Glossary 899(7)
List of corpora and databases 906(5)
Index of subject matter, corpora, and databases 911(14)
Index of languages and varieties of English 925(4)
Index of authors 929
Terttu Nevalainen is Professor of English at the University of Helsinki. She is the author of An Introduction to Early Modern English (OUP/EUP, 2006), and series editor of Oxford Studies in the History of English. Elizabeth Closs Traugott is Emeritus Professor of Linguistics at Stanford University.