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El. knyga: Palaeopathology

4.43/5 (47 ratings by Goodreads)
(University College London)
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Palaeopathology is an evidence-based guide to the principal types of pathological lesions often found in human remains and how to diagnose them. Tony Waldron presents an innovative method of arriving at a diagnosis in the skeleton by applying what he refers to as 'operational definitions'. The method ensures that those who study bones will use the same criteria for diagnosing disease, thereby enabling valid comparisons to be made between studies. Waldron's book is based on modern clinical knowledge and provides background information on the natural history of bone disease. In addition, the volume demonstrates how results from studies should be analysed, methods of determining the frequency of disease, and other types of epidemiological analysis. This edition includes new chapters on the development of palaeopathology, basic concepts, health and disease, diagnosis, and spinal pathology. Chapters on analysis and interpretation have been thoroughly revised and enlarged.

Recenzijos

'This is a well-written and authoritative text that assumes a suitable background in relevant biomedical disciplines The book will primarily be of interest to archaeologists, forensic anthropologists, bone specialists, and those working in or studying related fields Recommended.' T. Brennan, CHOICE

Daugiau informacijos

An evidence based account of how to recognise and diagnose pathological lesions in human remains.
List of Figures
ix
Preface xi
PART I INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTS
1 An Introduction To The Development Of Palaeopathology
3(20)
1.1 Beginnings
3(2)
1.2 Relics
5(1)
1.3 Curiosities
6(2)
1.4 And So, Back to Esper
8(1)
1.5 An Obsession with Skulls
9(7)
1.6 The First Palaeopathologist
16(4)
1.7 Post-Bellum Developments
20(3)
2 Basic Assumptions
23(24)
2.1 The Response to Pathological Stimuli
23(3)
2.2 Bone Cells and Cytokines
26(6)
2.3 Maximum Bone Mass
32(1)
2.4 Bone Metabolism and the Bone Remodelling Unit
32(3)
2.5 Pathological Mechanisms
35(2)
2.6 The Antiquity of Bone
37(1)
2.7 The Stability of Reaction to Pathological Insults
38(2)
2.8 The Expression of Disease
40(4)
2.9 Pathology, Pseudo-Pathology and Normal Variation
44(3)
3 Health And Disease
47(13)
3.1 Health
47(1)
3.2 Some Theories of Health
48(4)
3.3 And Disease
52(3)
3.4 A Model of Health and Disease (and Some Definitions)
55(3)
3.5 The Consequences for Palaeopathology
58(2)
4 Diagnosis
60(13)
4.1 Diagnosis in the Past
62(1)
4.2 Diagnosis in Modern Clinical Practice
63(3)
4.3 Diagnosis in Paleopathology
66(7)
PART II PATHOLOGY
5 Joint Diseases 1: Osteoarthritis
73(23)
5.1 Osteoarthritis
76(2)
5.2 Precipitants of Osteoarthritis
78(2)
5.3 Other Types of Osteoarthritis
80(2)
5.4 The Natural History of Osteoarthritis
82(2)
5.5 Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis
84(1)
5.6 Osteoarthritis at Individual Sites
85(6)
5.7 The Association between Osteoarthritis and Some Other Conditions
91(3)
5.8 Osteoarthritis in Animals
94(2)
6 Joint Diseases 2: The Erosive Arthropathies
96(29)
6.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
96(3)
6.2 The Pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis
99(4)
6.3 Seronegative Arthropathies
103(1)
6.4 Erosive Osteoarthritis
103(3)
6.5 The Spondyloarthritides
106(1)
6.6 Ankylosing Spondylitis
107(4)
6.7 Reactive Spondyloarthropathy (Reiter's Syndrome)
111(3)
6.8 Psoriatic Arthropathy
114(2)
6.9 Enteropathic Arthropathy
116(1)
6.10 Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritides
117(1)
6.11 Juvenile Arthritis
118(1)
6.12 Gout and Other Crystal Arthropathies
118(4)
6.13 Other Crystal Arthropathies
122(1)
6.14 Bunions
122(3)
7 Spinal Pathology
125(22)
7.1 Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVD)
125(3)
7.2 Schmorl's Nodes
128(1)
7.3 Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum
129(1)
7.4 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
129(5)
7.5 Ossification in the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
134(1)
7.6 Kyphosis and Scoliosis
135(4)
7.7 Klippel--Feil Syndrome
139(1)
7.8 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
140(2)
7.9 Baastrup's Disease
142(1)
7.10 Other Spinal Anomalies
143(4)
8 Infectious Diseases
147(41)
8.1 Osteomyelitis
148(3)
8.2 Special Forms of Osteomyelitis
151(3)
8.3 Tuberculosis
154(8)
8.4 Leprosy
162(5)
8.5 Venereal Syphilis
167(2)
8.6 The Origins of Syphilis
169(2)
8.7 Changes in the Skeleton
171(3)
8.8 Poliomyelitis
174(1)
8.9 Smallpox
175(1)
8.10 Fungal Infections of Bone
176(1)
8.11 Parasitic Disease
176(3)
8.12 Non-specific Infections
179(9)
9 Metabolic Diseases
188(20)
9.1 Osteoporosis
188(5)
9.2 Paget's Disease of Bone (PDB)
193(5)
9.3 Rickets and Osteomalacia
198(3)
9.4 Osteomalacia
201(1)
9.5 Scurvy
202(3)
9.6 Other Metabolic Diseases
205(3)
10 Trauma
208(27)
10.1 Fractures and Dislocations
208(2)
10.2 Fractures
210(11)
10.3 Dislocations and Subluxations
221(2)
10.4 Wounding
223(2)
10.5 Amputation
225(3)
10.6 Trephination
228(1)
10.7 The Autopsy
229(3)
10.8 Legalised Trauma
232(3)
11 Neoplastic Diseases
235(27)
11.1 Epidemiology of Bone Tumours
235(2)
11.2 Benign Tumours
237(10)
11.3 Malignant Tumours
247(7)
11.4 Metastatic Bone Tumours
254(8)
12 Disorders Of Growth And Development
262(30)
12.1 Normal Growth
262(4)
12.2 Abnormal Growth and Development
266(1)
12.3 Dwarfism
266(12)
12.4 Gigantism
278(1)
12.5 Disorders of Skull Growth
279(3)
12.6 Developmental Disorders of the Hips
282(3)
12.7 Hemimelia
285(4)
12.8 Os Acromiale
289(1)
12.9 Fibrous Dysplasia
289(3)
13 Special Pathology
292(18)
13.1 Neuropathology
292(4)
13.2 Soft-Tissue Lesions
296(6)
13.3 Bone Forming and Bone Formers
302(2)
13.4 Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna
304(1)
13.5 Anaemia
305(2)
13.6 Stones and Cysts
307(3)
14 Dental Disease
310(15)
14.1 Caries
310(3)
14.2 Ante-mortem Tooth Loss
313(1)
14.3 Periodontal Disease
314(1)
14.4 Dental Calculus
315(1)
14.5 Periapical Cavities
316(2)
14.6 Developmental Defects of Enamel
318(3)
14.7 Dental Tumours
321(1)
14.8 Dental Cysts
322(3)
PART III ANALYSIS
15 Analysis
325(20)
15.1 What Are We Dealing With?
325(1)
15.2 The Frequency of Disease
326(5)
15.3 Comparing Prevalences
331(5)
15.4 Qualitative Comparisons
336(3)
15.5 A Problem
339(1)
15.6 Death Rates
340(3)
15.7 Case-Control (Case-Referent) Studies
343(2)
16 Interpretation
345(11)
16.1 Morphology and Morbidity
346(1)
16.2 Being at the Wrong End
347(1)
16.3 Osteoarthritis and Occupation
348(3)
16.4 Stress Markers and Their Relation to the Mortality of Children
351(2)
16.5 Height and Longevity
353(1)
16.6 Implications for Paleopathology of Wrong-End Epidemiology
354(2)
Index 356
Tony Waldron is Professor at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. An epidemiologist and consulting physician at three London teaching hospitals, he is the author of several hundred papers and books.
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