| Preface |
|
xvii | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
xix | |
|
An Introduction to the Environmental Control of Buildings |
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1 | (8) |
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What are environmental control devices for? |
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2 | (3) |
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A brief description of the building design process and how information about environmental controls can fit within it |
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5 | (4) |
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The Basics of Heat Transfer |
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9 | (22) |
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The first two laws of thermodynamics and what they have to do with how buildings function |
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10 | (1) |
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The two fundamental forms of heat transfer |
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11 | (16) |
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Transfer by molecular action |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (10) |
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A summary example: how is heat transferred through an uninsulated stud wall? |
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26 | (1) |
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Differentiating between sensible and latent heat exchange |
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27 | (2) |
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Further readings about heat, thermodynamics, and heat transfer |
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29 | (2) |
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Establishing Thermal Comfort |
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31 | (36) |
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How do you get an unbiased view of what constitutes thermal comfort? |
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33 | (1) |
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Thermal regulation in the human body: maintaining a thermal balance with the environment |
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34 | (7) |
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Heat production within the human body |
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34 | (2) |
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Maintaining a heat balance with the environment |
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36 | (2) |
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The thermoregulatory system in the human body |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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Eight parameters that affect heat transfer between the human body and the environment |
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42 | (8) |
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The four environmental parameters that affect the maintenance of thermal comfort |
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42 | (1) |
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The four personal parameters that affect the maintenance of thermal comfort |
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43 | (7) |
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Time as an essential parameter affecting one's thermal comfort |
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50 | (1) |
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Describing thermally comfortable conditions in and out of buildings |
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50 | (7) |
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Two summary examples considering the attainment of thermal comfort |
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57 | (2) |
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Why is the chairman ``cold''? |
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57 | (2) |
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What clothes are appropriate for skiing? |
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59 | (1) |
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Some thoughts about how one's ``state-of-mind'' and other factors may affect thermal comfort |
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59 | (4) |
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The role (and limitations) of sensation in describing thermal comfort |
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60 | (1) |
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Differentiating between thermal preference and thermal comfort |
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60 | (1) |
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What happens to one's thermal comfort when you alter non-thermal aspects of your environment? |
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61 | (1) |
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Consequences of long-term exposure to different thermal environments |
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62 | (1) |
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Selected references for human thermoregulation and comfort |
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63 | (4) |
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Weather and Climate (As Determinants of Building Form) |
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67 | (52) |
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What are weather and climate? |
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68 | (5) |
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Distinguishing between weather and climate |
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68 | (4) |
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The variability of climates |
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72 | (1) |
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Should you create buildings to recognize the properties of weather or climate? |
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73 | (1) |
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Climate classification (as a basis for building design) |
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74 | (11) |
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The development of climatic classification systems |
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75 | (1) |
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Description of the Trewartha climate classification system |
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76 | (5) |
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A brief explanation of the basic premises of the Trewartha climatic classification system |
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81 | (3) |
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A compression of the Trewartha system for building design and construction |
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84 | (1) |
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Deriving building design guidelines for a specific climate |
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85 | (30) |
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Using the Mahoney Tables (for examining warm and hot climates) |
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86 | (1) |
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Establishing the requisite climatic data |
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87 | (1) |
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Filling in the Mahoney Tables |
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87 | (4) |
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A worked example using the Mahoney Tables for analyzing the climate of Miami, Florida |
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91 | (10) |
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Using the Modified Mahoney Tables (for examining temperate and cool/cold climates) |
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101 | (1) |
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Establishing the requisite climatic data |
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101 | (1) |
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Filling in the Modified Mahoney Tables |
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101 | (12) |
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Some thoughts about determining which of these two climatic analyzers to use |
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113 | (2) |
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A brief summary for
Chapter 4 |
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115 | (4) |
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Guidelines and Other Approximations for Creating Buildings with Good Thermal Performance |
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119 | (88) |
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Designing and building for the warm-humid climate |
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120 | (16) |
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Locations and characteristics of these climatic types |
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120 | (1) |
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Features of the tropical wet climate |
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120 | (4) |
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Features of the tropical wet-and-dry climate |
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124 | (1) |
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Features of the subtropical humid climate |
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124 | (2) |
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Challenges and problems for human occupancy in these climatic types |
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126 | (2) |
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Selecting building forms and operating strategies to respond to the warm-humid climate |
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128 | (1) |
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Fundamental operation strategies |
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128 | (1) |
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Specific design and construction guidelines for warm-humid climates |
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129 | (6) |
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Further references for designing and constructing buildings for warm-humid climates |
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135 | (1) |
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Designing and building for the hot-dry climate |
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136 | (22) |
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Locations and characteristics of these climatic types |
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137 | (1) |
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Features of the hot-arid and hot-semiarid climates |
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137 | (3) |
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Features of the subtropical dry-summer climate |
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140 | (2) |
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Features of the cool coastal arid climate |
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142 | (1) |
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Challenges and problems for human occupancy in hot-dry climates |
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142 | (1) |
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Selecting building forms and operating strategies that respond to the hot-dry climate |
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143 | (1) |
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Fundamental operation strategies |
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143 | (1) |
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Specific design and construction guidelines for hot-dry climates |
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144 | (13) |
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Further references for designing and constructing buildings for hot-dry climates |
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157 | (1) |
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Designing and building for cold climates |
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158 | (22) |
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Locations and characteristics of these climatic types |
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158 | (1) |
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Features of the temperate continental with cool summer climate |
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158 | (3) |
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Features of the boreal climate |
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161 | (1) |
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Features of the polar climate |
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162 | (3) |
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Features of the highland climate |
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165 | (1) |
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Challenges and problems for human occupancy in these climatic types |
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165 | (1) |
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Basic forms of heat loss experienced in buildings |
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166 | (1) |
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Heat transmission: what is it and how can we control it? |
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166 | (1) |
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Heat exchange by infiltration: what is it and how can we control it? |
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167 | (1) |
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Heat loss by ventilation: how does it happen and what controls are reasonable? |
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168 | (2) |
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Selecting building forms and operating strategies that respond to cold climates |
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170 | (1) |
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Fundamental operation strategies |
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170 | (1) |
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Specific design and construction guidelines |
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170 | (9) |
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Further references for designing and constructing buildings for cold climates |
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179 | (1) |
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Designing and building for the temperate climate |
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180 | (22) |
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Locations and characteristics of the temperate climate |
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180 | (1) |
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Features of the temperate continental warm-summer climate |
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180 | (2) |
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Features of the temperate maritime climate |
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182 | (2) |
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Challenges and problems for human occupancy in these climatic types |
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184 | (1) |
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An overview of operating strategies for the temperate climate |
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185 | (1) |
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Operating strategies for the overheated season |
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185 | (1) |
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Operating strategies for the underheated season |
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186 | (1) |
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A short explanation about how passive solar heating assemblies function |
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186 | (1) |
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The basic types of passive solar systems |
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187 | (4) |
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Three ``rules-of-thumb'' for rough-sizing the basic elements of a passive solar system |
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191 | (3) |
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Selecting building forms and operating strategies that respond to the temperate climate |
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194 | (7) |
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Further references for designing and constructing buildings for temperate climates |
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201 | (1) |
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A general proviso concerning a limit for the application of the guidelines presented in Sections 5.1 through 5.4 |
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202 | (5) |
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207 | (38) |
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208 | (6) |
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208 | (5) |
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How do you see a light beam? |
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213 | (1) |
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Selected properties of light |
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214 | (8) |
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Light as a means of moving energy |
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214 | (3) |
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The interaction of light with surfaces and media |
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217 | (1) |
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The transmission of light |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (2) |
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Some thoughts about color from a psychophysical point of view |
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222 | (12) |
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Why is a red rose ``red''? |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (3) |
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Measuring light from sources and nonluminous surfaces |
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234 | (11) |
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Parameters for quantifying light |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Spread of light over a surface |
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235 | (1) |
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Physical brightness of a source or surface |
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236 | (1) |
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Reflectance of nonluminous surfaces |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (7) |
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245 | (56) |
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Vision as a sensory experience |
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246 | (3) |
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Indentifying components of the sensory process |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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The composition and operation of the visual system |
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249 | (11) |
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The structure and function of the outer eye |
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249 | (3) |
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The role of the retina in human vision |
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252 | (2) |
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Light sensitivity: scotopic versus photopic vision |
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254 | (3) |
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Spectral sensitivity in the retina |
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257 | (2) |
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Deriving ideas about creating built environments from this description of the visual system |
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259 | (1) |
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Visual perception as a fundamental step in seeing |
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260 | (5) |
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Some thoughts about how visual perception occurs |
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260 | (2) |
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Attributes of the visual perception process |
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262 | (3) |
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Being able to see well: describing environmental attributes that affect vision |
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265 | (19) |
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How can we assess what environmental attributes affect vision? |
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265 | (5) |
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How the world around us affects visual acuity and performance |
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270 | (1) |
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The primary attributes affecting acuity and performance |
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270 | (7) |
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Secondary attributes which affect acuity and performance |
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277 | (3) |
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Personal factors that can influence task vision |
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280 | (3) |
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Some guidelines for treating the environmental and personal factors that affect seeing |
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283 | (1) |
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Visual comfort: environmental factors and human responses |
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284 | (12) |
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The presence of glare in the view field and means for its control |
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287 | (6) |
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Veiling reflections, flicker, and visual fatigue |
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293 | (3) |
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A brief summary for
Chapter 7 |
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296 | (5) |
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Using the Sky as a Light Source |
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301 | (64) |
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Why do we have windows in buildings? |
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302 | (8) |
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Benefits and costs of window presence |
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302 | (3) |
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The role of view in window planning |
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305 | (3) |
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Is there a substantive basis for or against windowless spaces? |
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308 | (2) |
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The availability of daylight |
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310 | (11) |
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Light from the sky (and the sun) |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (4) |
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How uniform is the daylighting sky? |
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317 | (4) |
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Using the Daylight Factor to describe the presence of daylight in buildings |
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321 | (14) |
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How Daylight Factors are used |
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322 | (3) |
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Estimating daylight admission using the DF protractors |
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325 | (3) |
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Representations of Daylight Factors on building drawings |
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328 | (3) |
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Designing with alternative Daylight Factor design aids |
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331 | (4) |
|
How much light do you need? |
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335 | (11) |
|
What are the bases for lighting standards? |
|
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336 | (4) |
|
What are the primary lighting standards? |
|
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340 | (6) |
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Designing for daylighting |
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346 | (13) |
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Alternative approaches for using these standards for designing windows |
|
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346 | (1) |
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A worked example showing a procedure for designing for daylight admission |
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347 | (12) |
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A brief summary for
Chapter 8 |
|
|
359 | (6) |
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Guidelines for Creating Buildings with Good Daylighting |
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365 | (62) |
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Site development guidelines for daylight |
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366 | (3) |
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Accessibility to the sky vault |
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366 | (1) |
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Use of vegetation for controlling the admission of daylight |
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367 | (1) |
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Reflectances of surfaces external to a building |
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368 | (1) |
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Choosing building forms to enhance the daylighting of building interiors |
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369 | (7) |
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Organizing buildings with narrow widths for daylight penetration |
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369 | (1) |
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The use of atria for bringing daylight into building interiors |
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370 | (2) |
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Appropriate orientations for admitting daylight |
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372 | (4) |
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Suggestions for locating windows for the daylighting of building interiors |
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376 | (14) |
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Higher windows foster better daylighting than do lower windows |
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376 | (1) |
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Using windows in vertical walls and as clerestories |
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376 | (5) |
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Windows used as skylights |
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381 | (6) |
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Using windows on multiple space-enclosing planes to balance illumination |
|
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387 | (1) |
|
Using low window sills to reduce glare presence from windows |
|
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388 | (2) |
|
What shape should a window have? |
|
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390 | (4) |
|
How large do windows need to be? |
|
|
394 | (6) |
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Defining window size based on studies of occupant satisfaction with reduced window areas |
|
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394 | (4) |
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Establishing minimum window areas for admitting daylight: some rules-of-thumb |
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398 | (1) |
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Rules-of-thumb for sizing windows in the vertical envelope |
|
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398 | (1) |
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Rules-of-thumb for sizing roof openings |
|
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399 | (1) |
|
Alternative window treatments for passing daylight deeper into buildings |
|
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400 | (5) |
|
Using light shelves to bring light into buildings |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Using clerestories and roof-top openings to admit daylight into the building interior |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Borrowing light from a perimeter space to use in building interiors |
|
|
403 | (1) |
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Using these three devices in pairs or alltogether |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Alternative fenestration assemblies and materials |
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405 | (10) |
|
What are the principal materials for windows? |
|
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406 | (1) |
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Choosing window materials for luminous performance |
|
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407 | (1) |
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Controlling radiation transmission through glazing |
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407 | (3) |
|
Using devices external to the window to control the admission of radiation into buildings |
|
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410 | (3) |
|
Employing internal shading devices to control the admission of solar radiation |
|
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413 | (1) |
|
The benefit of using operable radiation controls |
|
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413 | (1) |
|
Selecting window-framing elements for luminous performance |
|
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414 | (1) |
|
Internal building surface shapes and finishes |
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|
415 | (2) |
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Shaping building surfaces surrounding windows |
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415 | (1) |
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Finishing building surfaces near windows |
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416 | (1) |
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Recommended reflectances for interior surfaces |
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416 | (1) |
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Three concluding guidelines for designing and building for daylight |
|
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417 | (2) |
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Match daylighting needs and specific work and life activities |
|
|
417 | (1) |
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Take care with bright light sources and surfaces |
|
|
418 | (1) |
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Teach building occupants to use daylighting wisely |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Thinking about designing for electric lighting |
|
|
419 | (3) |
|
Basic capabilities to be furnished by lighting systems |
|
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419 | (1) |
|
Simple guidelines for anticipating later placement of electric lighting systems |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Using building forms that can accommodate electric lighting fixtures |
|
|
421 | (1) |
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422 | (5) |
|
Additional readings about designing for providing daylight |
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|
422 | (1) |
|
A brief bibliography about electric illumination designing |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
The ``Fundamentals'' of Sound |
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427 | (38) |
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428 | (6) |
|
Sound emanates from a vibrating body |
|
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429 | (2) |
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431 | (2) |
|
Media in which sound waves propagate |
|
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433 | (1) |
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Selected behaviors of sound waves |
|
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434 | (9) |
|
The transmission of sound waves |
|
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434 | (1) |
|
The reflection of sound waves |
|
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434 | (1) |
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How the mechanical impedances of adjoining media affect the reflection of sound waves |
|
|
435 | (1) |
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Predicting the direction that a reflecting sound wave will follow |
|
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436 | (1) |
|
The absorption of sound waves |
|
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436 | (2) |
|
The diffusion of sound waves |
|
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438 | (3) |
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The diffraction of sound waves |
|
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441 | (2) |
|
The existence of sound fields |
|
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443 | (2) |
|
Four basic properties of sound |
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445 | (6) |
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The frequency of a sound wave |
|
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446 | (1) |
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The intensity of a sound wave |
|
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446 | (2) |
|
Simple and complex sound wave forms |
|
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448 | (2) |
|
The role of time in the behavior of sound |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Quantifying the natures of common sounds |
|
|
451 | (5) |
|
Sound levels and the decibel scale |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Defining the intensity level of a sound |
|
|
451 | (3) |
|
Describing sound in terms of sound pressure levels |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
Whole and one-third octave bands |
|
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456 | (1) |
|
Some basic methods for measuring sound presences |
|
|
456 | (9) |
|
Some qualifications about sound management strategies |
|
|
456 | (3) |
|
Common sound (and noise) measurement devices |
|
|
459 | (6) |
|
|
|
465 | (36) |
|
Properties of the human auditory system: sensitivity and performance |
|
|
466 | (12) |
|
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
Loudness and the Equal-Loudness-Level Curves |
|
|
469 | (5) |
|
|
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474 | (1) |
|
Discriminating among changes in the frequency and intensity of sounds |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Some additional tonal qualities of sound |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Speech as a fundamental form of communication |
|
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478 | (23) |
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479 | (3) |
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Basic components of speech |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Some acoustical qualities of speech |
|
|
483 | (1) |
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Characteristics of elemental sounds in speech |
|
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483 | (4) |
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Sound pressure levels across the sound spectrum for speech |
|
|
487 | (3) |
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|
490 | (1) |
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Basic requirements for maintaining speech intelligibility |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
The Articulation Index and the Speech Interference Level |
|
|
492 | (9) |
|
Noise in the Built and Natural Environments |
|
|
501 | (42) |
|
Physical (and psychosocial) characteristics of noise |
|
|
503 | (12) |
|
Common (and uncommon) noise sources |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
Properties of noise sources |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Physical properties of noise |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Perceptual properties of noise (or how physical properties can have subjective components) |
|
|
506 | (4) |
|
Transmission mechanisms of noise through buildings |
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
|
|
512 | (3) |
|
How does noise affect us? |
|
|
515 | (15) |
|
Distinguishing between loudness, noisiness, and annoyance |
|
|
516 | (4) |
|
The effects of noise on speech intelligibility |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
The effects of noise on human hearing and health |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Hearing loss from noise exposure |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
The effects of noise on sleep |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
The effects of noise on work performance |
|
|
527 | (3) |
|
Defining acceptable noise levels |
|
|
530 | (7) |
|
Single-number acceptable noise level statements |
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
The Noise Criterion curves |
|
|
533 | (4) |
|
A brief summary for
Chapter 12 |
|
|
537 | (6) |
|
Guidelines for Controlling Sound and Noise in the Built Environment |
|
|
543 | (76) |
|
The four basic requirements for good hearing |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
To impede or propagate sound waves? |
|
|
545 | (14) |
|
A general vocabulary of noise control strategies |
|
|
546 | (7) |
|
General strategies for enhancing communication by sound |
|
|
553 | (6) |
|
Specific site-planning guidelines |
|
|
559 | (12) |
|
Site planning and operating strategies for noise control |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
Manipulating physical forms (and functions) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Using barriers to reduce site noise |
|
|
562 | (4) |
|
Depressing urban noise sources below grade levels |
|
|
566 | (5) |
|
Using more pleasant maskers to override off-site noises |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Approaches for laying out buildings |
|
|
571 | (6) |
|
Planning devices to use when the building site is noisy |
|
|
571 | (6) |
|
Criteria for the selection of building envelope compositions |
|
|
577 | (8) |
|
Describing the admission and control of external noise |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Noise-separating behaviors for envelope compositions |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Opaque walls as noise separators |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (5) |
|
Developing building interiors for good acoustical performance |
|
|
585 | (34) |
|
Separating interior spaces for sound and noise control |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Acoustical characteristics of partition systems |
|
|
585 | (5) |
|
Designing building spaces for good communication |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Room shapes to be avoided |
|
|
591 | (3) |
|
Using absorbing materials to control the presence of sound and noise |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
The two major types of sound-absorptive materials and assemblies |
|
|
595 | (7) |
|
Mounting practices for sound-absorbing materials |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Locating absorption materials in building spaces |
|
|
603 | (5) |
|
Determining how much absorption should be provided in rooms |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
Establishing volumetric standards for spaces |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
A definition for the reverberation times of rooms |
|
|
608 | (4) |
|
Providing diffusing surfaces in building spaces |
|
|
612 | (3) |
|
Providing special furnishings for rooms for music and/or speech performance |
|
|
615 | (4) |
|
HVAC Systems for Buildings |
|
|
619 | (80) |
|
The basic functions of HVAC systems |
|
|
619 | (6) |
|
The principal components of HVAC systems |
|
|
620 | (3) |
|
The traditional building spaces for locating HVAC systems |
|
|
623 | (2) |
|
Describing the HVAC system for a typical university classroom building |
|
|
625 | (22) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Thermal conditioning issues |
|
|
626 | (2) |
|
The HVAC system for Gould Hall |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
The physical presence of the HVAC system: components, sizes, locations |
|
|
628 | (11) |
|
The operating protocol for the HVAC system |
|
|
639 | (8) |
|
The four basic types of nonresidential HVAC systems |
|
|
647 | (28) |
|
Thermal-conditioning equipment and placement |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
|
647 | (4) |
|
|
|
651 | (4) |
|
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
Air distribution strategies for all-air systems |
|
|
655 | (3) |
|
Equipment used in all-air systems |
|
|
658 | (4) |
|
Locating air distribution equipment for all-air systems |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
Building applications for all-air systems |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Air-water distribution systems |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Building applications for air-water systems |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Equipment used for air-water systems |
|
|
664 | (5) |
|
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
Building applications for all-water systems |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
Equipment and its operation for all-water systems |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
Direct-refrigerant systems |
|
|
672 | (3) |
|
Rules-of-thumb and other planning guidelines for anticipating spatial requirements for nonresidential HVAC systems |
|
|
675 | (24) |
|
Space-defining rules-of-thumb for all-air and air-water systems |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
Spatial guidelines for heating and refrigeration equipment |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
Spatial guidelines for air-handling equipment |
|
|
683 | (5) |
|
Spatial guidelines for vertical accessways |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Spatial guidelines for ceiling plenums |
|
|
689 | (4) |
|
Spatial guidelines for in-the-room equipment |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Spatial guidelines for rooftop (or immediately adjacent external) equipment for all-air and air-water systems |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
Space-sizing guidelines for all-water systems |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
Space-sizing guidelines for direct-refrigerant systems |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Small-capacity single units and split-system assemblies |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Medium-to-large-capacity single packaged units |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Medium-to-large capacity split-system assemblies |
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
Small-Building HVAC Systems and Related Issues |
|
|
699 | (50) |
|
Differentiating HVAC services between large- and small-scale buildings |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Alternative HVAC systems for small-scale buildings |
|
|
700 | (15) |
|
Establishing which HVAC services should be provided |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Primary types of HVAC systems for small-scale buildings |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
Differentiating between air- and water-based systems |
|
|
701 | (6) |
|
Alternative means for furnishing ventilation air to occupied spaces |
|
|
707 | (4) |
|
Active systems alternatives for space cooling |
|
|
711 | (4) |
|
Designing HVAC systems for small-scale buildings |
|
|
715 | (20) |
|
Identification of design conditions |
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
|
|
717 | (2) |
|
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Laying out system components |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
Placing warm-air furnaces, heat pumps, and split-system units |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Approximate sizing of ducting for small-scale buildings |
|
|
724 | (2) |
|
Integrating and fine-tuning the design of HVAC system components |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
Factors that may influence system designing |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
Energy conservation standards and codes |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
Promoting indoor air quality |
|
|
728 | (5) |
|
Debating the benefits and liabilities of natural ventilation |
|
|
733 | (2) |
|
A sample design and integration of an HVAC system |
|
|
735 | (14) |
|
Organizing a systems design solution |
|
|
737 | (12) |
|
Services and Systems for Achieving Fire Safety and Protection |
|
|
749 | (44) |
|
Providing for fire safety during the schematic design phase |
|
|
750 | (22) |
|
Establishing means of egress |
|
|
750 | (4) |
|
Design guidelines for planning means of egress |
|
|
754 | (4) |
|
Setting up automatic suppression systems |
|
|
758 | (4) |
|
Planning guidelines for automatic sprinkler systems |
|
|
762 | (3) |
|
Providing support for potential fire fighting actions |
|
|
765 | (3) |
|
Providing barriers to prevent fire spread |
|
|
768 | (4) |
|
Fire behavior and the active systems used to control fire in buildings |
|
|
772 | (21) |
|
Properties and characteristics of fire |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
Contributions to combustion |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
Alternative fire detector types |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
Guidelines for placing detectors |
|
|
778 | (3) |
|
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
Fire extinguishment alternatives |
|
|
782 | (3) |
|
Other fire protection systems |
|
|
785 | (8) |
|
Electrical Systems for Buildings |
|
|
793 | (50) |
|
Basic premises of electrical power systems |
|
|
793 | (2) |
|
Circuits, systems, and components |
|
|
795 | (9) |
|
Introducing circuit terminology |
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
Direct and alternating currents |
|
|
796 | (7) |
|
One-phase versus polyphase electricity generation and transporting |
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
Large-scale production and transportation of electrical power |
|
|
804 | (7) |
|
Supplying electrical power to buildings on the University of Washington campus---a case example |
|
|
808 | (3) |
|
Dispersion and utilization of electrical energy in buildings |
|
|
811 | (7) |
|
Equipment for energy control and manipulation |
|
|
811 | (2) |
|
Equipment for transporting electrical energy throughout buildings |
|
|
813 | (5) |
|
Electricity dispersion and utilization in a conventional University of Washington building---Gould Hall |
|
|
818 | (4) |
|
Major power system components |
|
|
818 | (4) |
|
Space planning guidelines for electrical (power) equipment in buildings |
|
|
822 | (13) |
|
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
Principal components and their functions |
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
Planning considerations for service entrance rooms |
|
|
823 | (4) |
|
Spatial guidelines for service entrance rooms |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
Electrical closets (and intermediate electrical rooms) |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
Principal components and their functions |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (3) |
|
Branch circuit layout and planning |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
Spatial accommodations for lighting fixtures |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
Electrical equipment planning for buildings with smaller power demands |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
Electrical equipment components |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
Communication and signaling systems: components and space planning |
|
|
835 | (5) |
|
|
|
836 | (3) |
|
Data transfer systems facilities |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
Suggested references for gaining further information about building electrical systems |
|
|
840 | (3) |
|
Plumbing Systems in Buildings |
|
|
843 | (42) |
|
Plumbing system functions and services |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
Accommodating fixtures---requirements and guidelines |
|
|
845 | (13) |
|
Fixture types and numbers required for occupancy types |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
Provisions for conventional fixtures |
|
|
845 | (7) |
|
Providing accessible fixtures |
|
|
852 | (3) |
|
Spatial sizing to accommodate plumbing fixtures |
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
Sizing for spaces to provide for conventional fixtures |
|
|
855 | (2) |
|
Sizing for accessible spaces |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
|
|
858 | (14) |
|
Common components of building water supply systems |
|
|
861 | (2) |
|
Organization of building water supply systems |
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
Materials choices for water supply systems |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
Pressure relationships in water supply systems |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
Designing building water supply systems |
|
|
865 | (5) |
|
|
|
870 | (2) |
|
Plumbing drainage systems |
|
|
872 | (8) |
|
Basic drainage system components: forms and functions |
|
|
874 | (4) |
|
Materials and sizing for drainage system components |
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
Guidelines for planning plumbing system layouts |
|
|
880 | (5) |
|
Systems for Conveying People in Buildings |
|
|
885 | (42) |
|
Creating building spaces for elevators |
|
|
886 | (26) |
|
A brief history of the development of elevators |
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
The basic types of elevators |
|
|
886 | (7) |
|
The principal components of elevators |
|
|
893 | (5) |
|
Designing to accommodate elevator systems |
|
|
898 | (1) |
|
Major system organization issues |
|
|
898 | (1) |
|
Guidelines for designing for elevator systems |
|
|
899 | (13) |
|
Creating building spaces for escalators |
|
|
912 | (9) |
|
Principal components of an escalator unit |
|
|
914 | (2) |
|
Guidelines for designing for escalators |
|
|
916 | (5) |
|
Design principles for moving walkways |
|
|
921 | (3) |
|
Guidelines for accommodating moving walkway units in building designs |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
Bibliography for human conveyance systems |
|
|
924 | (3) |
| Illustration Credits |
|
927 | (2) |
| Index |
|
929 | |
