| Unit I: Pathophysiologic Processes |
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1 Introduction to Pathophysiology |
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1 | (11) |
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Framework for Pathophysiology |
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2 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Concepts of Normality in Health and Disease |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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Individual Factors Influencing Normality |
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5 | (1) |
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Patterns of Disease in Populations |
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6 | (6) |
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6 | (6) |
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2 Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors |
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12 | (14) |
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Homeostasis and Allostasis |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (4) |
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The General Adaptation Syndrome and Allostasis |
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14 | (2) |
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Stressors, Gender and Developmental Influences, and Risk Factors |
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16 | (1) |
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Neurohormonal Mediators of Stress and Adaptation |
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17 | (3) |
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Catecholamines: Norepinephrine and Epinephrine |
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17 | (1) |
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Adrenocortical Steroids: Cortisol and Aldosterone |
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18 | (1) |
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Endorphins, Enkephalins, and Immune Cytokines |
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19 | (1) |
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Sex Hormones: Estrogen, Testosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone |
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19 | (1) |
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Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Oxytocin |
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19 | (1) |
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Adaptation, Coping, and Illness |
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20 | (7) |
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Adaptation, Coping, and Resilience |
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20 | (1) |
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Allostatic Overload and Illness |
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21 | (5) |
| Unit II: Cellular Function |
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3 Cell Structure and Function |
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26 | (33) |
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27 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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Organization of Cellular Compartments |
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30 | (4) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Lysosomes and Peroxisomes |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (5) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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36 | (3) |
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Functions of the Plasma Membrane |
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39 | (9) |
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Membrane Transport of Macromolecules |
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39 | (1) |
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Membrane Transport of Small Molecules |
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40 | (5) |
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Cellular Membrane Potentials |
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45 | (3) |
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Intercellular Communication and Growth |
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48 | (11) |
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Cell Signaling Strategies |
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48 | (1) |
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Cell Surface Receptor-Mediated Responses |
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49 | (4) |
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Intracellular Receptor-Mediated Responses |
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53 | (1) |
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Regulation of Cellular Growth and Proliferation |
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54 | (5) |
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4 Cell Injury, Aging, and Death |
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59 | (18) |
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59 | (4) |
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60 | (1) |
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Intracellular Accumulations |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (4) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (2) |
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Etiology of Cellular Injury |
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68 | (6) |
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Ischemia and Hypoxic Injury |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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Infectious and Immunologic Injury |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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Physical and Mechanical Injury |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Physiologic Changes of Aging |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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5 Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation |
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77 | (17) |
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Structure and Function of DNA |
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78 | (6) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (2) |
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84 | (2) |
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Differentiation of Tissues |
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86 | (9) |
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Cell Diversification and Cell Memory |
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86 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Development |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (7) |
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6 Genetic and Developmental Disorders |
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94 | (23) |
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Principles of Inheritance |
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95 | (3) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (4) |
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Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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99 | (1) |
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Aberrant Number of Chromosomes |
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99 | (1) |
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Abnormal Chromosome Structure |
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100 | (1) |
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Examples of Autosomal Chromosome |
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100 | (1) |
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Examples of Sex Chromosome Disorders |
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101 | (1) |
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Mendelian Single-Gene Disorders |
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102 | (5) |
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Autosomal-Dominant Disorders |
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103 | (1) |
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Autosomal-Recessive Disorders |
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104 | (2) |
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Sex-Linked (X-Linked) Disorders |
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106 | (1) |
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Nonmendelian Single-Gene Disorders |
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107 | (3) |
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109 | (1) |
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Mitochondrial Gene Mutations |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Polygenic and Multifactorial Disorders |
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110 | (1) |
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Environmentally Induced Congenital Disorders |
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111 | (2) |
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Periods of Fetal Vulnerability |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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Other Disorders of Infancy |
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113 | (1) |
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Diagnosis, Counseling, and Gene Therapy |
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113 | (5) |
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Prenatal Diagnosis and Counseling |
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113 | (1) |
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Genetic Analysis and Therapy |
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114 | (1) |
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Recombinant DNA Technology |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (24) |
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Benign Versus Malignant Growth |
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118 | (2) |
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Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Tumors |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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Epidemiology and Cancer Risk Factors |
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120 | (3) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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Genetic Mechanisms of Cancer |
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123 | (6) |
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124 | (3) |
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127 | (2) |
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Multistep Nature of Carcinogenesis |
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129 | (3) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Grading and Staging of Tumors |
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134 | (2) |
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Effects of Cancer on the Body |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (5) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Gene and Molecular Therapy |
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138 | (1) |
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Stem Cell Transplantation |
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139 | (2) |
| Unit III: Defense |
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141 | (17) |
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Host-Microbe Relationship |
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142 | (5) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (3) |
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Transmission of Infection |
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147 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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Emerging Infectious Diseases |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Types of Pathogenic Organisms |
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149 | (10) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (6) |
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9 Inflammation and Immunity |
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158 | (36) |
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COMPONENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Mononuclear Phagocyte System |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (5) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Monocytes and Macrophages |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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Chemical Mediators of Immune Function |
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167 | (2) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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INNATE DEFENSES AND INFLAMMATION |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (3) |
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Increased Vascular Permeability |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Systemic Manifestations of Inflammation |
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175 | (1) |
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SPECIFIC ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY |
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176 | (1) |
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Major Histocompatibility Complex |
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176 | (1) |
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Antigen Presentation by MHC |
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176 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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MHC Class II Presentation |
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177 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Immunity |
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178 | (3) |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity |
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181 | (2) |
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Antigen Recognition by B Cells |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (4) |
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Class Switching and Affinity Maturation |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Passive and Active Immunity |
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187 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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INTEGRATED FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM |
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189 | (1) |
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Integrated Response to Microbial Antigen |
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189 | (2) |
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Integrated Response to Viral Antigen |
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191 | (1) |
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Regulation of Immune Function |
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192 | (2) |
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10 Alterations in Immune Function |
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194 | (21) |
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EXCESSIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (3) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (12) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (3) |
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Type _lib Hypersensitivity |
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204 | (1) |
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Type III Hypersensitivity |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (3) |
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DEFICIENT IMMUNE RESPONSES |
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210 | (1) |
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Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders |
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210 | (2) |
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B-Cell and T-Cell Combined Disorders |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Secondary Immunodeficiency Disorders |
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212 | (3) |
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11 Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells |
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215 | (18) |
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Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms |
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215 | (1) |
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Etiology of Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms |
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216 | (1) |
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General Principles of Management |
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217 | (4) |
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Diagnosis of Hematologic Neoplasms |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Prevention and Management of Complications |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (2) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (11) |
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Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia |
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223 | (1) |
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma) |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (2) |
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B-Cell, T-CeIl, and NK-Cell Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin) |
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229 | (4) |
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233 | (26) |
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234 | (5) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (2) |
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Prevention of Transmission |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (3) |
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239 | (1) |
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HIV Binding and Infection |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (3) |
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Effect of HIV on Immune Cells at the Cellular Level |
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242 | (1) |
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Viral Production and Cell Death |
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242 | (2) |
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Progression of HIV Infection From Seroconversion to AIDS |
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244 | (1) |
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CDC HIV Classification System |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Monitoring the Progression of HIV |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (6) |
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248 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Manifestations |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Mucocutaneous Manifestations |
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250 | (1) |
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Gynecologic Manifestations |
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251 | (1) |
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Neurologic Manifestations |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Cardiovascular Manifestations |
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253 | (1) |
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Manifestations in Other Systems |
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253 | (1) |
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Manifestations in Children |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (6) |
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Antiretroviral Therapy Recommendations |
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254 | (1) |
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
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255 | (1) |
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Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
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255 | (1) |
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Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors |
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257 | (1) |
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Other Treatments and Vaccines |
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257 | (2) |
| Unit IV: Oxygen Transport, Blood Coagulation, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure |
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13 Alterations in Oxygen Transport |
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259 | (39) |
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260 | (2) |
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Organic and Inorganic Components |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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Structure and Function of Red Blood Cells |
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262 | (6) |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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Nutritional Requirements for Erythropoiesis |
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266 | (1) |
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Energy and Maintenance of Erythrocytes |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Gas Transport and Acid-Base Balance |
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268 | (4) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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Alterations in Oxygen Transport |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (5) |
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General Effects of Anemia |
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272 | (5) |
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Anemia Related to Decreased Red Cell Production |
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277 | (2) |
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277 | (1) |
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Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure |
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277 | (1) |
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Anemia Related to Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) or Folate Deficiency |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Anemia Related to Inherited Disorders of the Red Cell |
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279 | (5) |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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282 | (2) |
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Anemia Related to Extrinsic Red Cell Destruction or Loss |
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284 | (2) |
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn |
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284 | (1) |
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Antibody-Mediated Drug Reactions |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Other Extrinsic Abnormalities |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (12) |
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286 | (6) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (5) |
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14 Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation |
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298 | (15) |
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The Process of Hemostasis |
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298 | (3) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Blood Coagulation Factors |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Hemostasis and Coagulation |
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301 | (3) |
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301 | (3) |
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304 | (1) |
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Vascular and Platelet Disorders |
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304 | (4) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (5) |
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15 Alterations in Blood Flow |
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313 | (24) |
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Teresa Grigsby Loftsgaarden |
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Organization of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems |
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315 | (2) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (5) |
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Hemodynamics of the Circulatory System |
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317 | (5) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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Control of Lymphatic Flow |
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323 | (1) |
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General Mechanisms That Cause Altered Flow |
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323 | (3) |
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Blood Vessels: Obstructions |
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323 | (2) |
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Blood Vessels: Structural Alterations |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Alterations in Arterial Flow |
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326 | (6) |
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Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis |
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326 | (4) |
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Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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Alterations in Venous Flow |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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Chronic Venous Insufficiency |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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Alterations in Lymphatic Flow |
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333 | (4) |
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333 | (4) |
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16 Alterations in Blood Pressure |
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337 | (17) |
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337 | (4) |
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Determinants of Systemic Blood Pressure |
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337 | (1) |
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Measurement of Blood Pressure |
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338 | (3) |
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Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Regulation |
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341 | (2) |
|
Short-Term Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Long-Term Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure |
|
|
341 | (2) |
|
Normal Fluctuations in Systemic Blood Pressure |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (7) |
|
Definition and Classification |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (4) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgency |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (4) |
| Unit V: Cardiac Function |
|
|
|
|
354 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
355 | (3) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Events |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
Anatomy of the Coronary Vessels |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
|
363 | (3) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Structure of the Contractile Apparatus |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of Contractile Filaments |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Molecular Basis of Contraction |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Sliding Filament/Cross-Bridge Theory of Muscle Contraction |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Role of Calcium in Muscle Contraction |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Energy of Muscle Relaxation |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Energy Metabolism |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Electrophysiology |
|
|
369 | (3) |
|
Cardiac Resting Potential |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Rhythmicity of Myocardial Cells |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Specialized Conduction System of the Heart |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Autonomic Regulation of Rhythmicity |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
Determinants of Cardiac Output |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
Determinants of Heart Rate |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Determinants of Stroke Volume |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Endocrine Function of the Heart |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Tests of Cardiac Function |
|
|
376 | (7) |
|
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Catheterization/Coronary Angiography |
|
|
379 | (3) |
|
18 Alterations in Cardiac Function |
|
|
382 | (29) |
|
|
|
|
|
383 | (11) |
|
Etiology of Coronary Heart Disease |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Coronary Atherosclerosis |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Pathophysiology of Ischemia |
|
|
385 | (3) |
|
Clinical Features and Management of Coronary Syndromes |
|
|
388 | (6) |
|
Endocardial and Valvular Diseases |
|
|
394 | (5) |
|
Disorders of the Mitral Valve |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
Disorders of the Aortic Valve |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Diseases of the Endocardium |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (3) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Congenital Heart Diseases |
|
|
403 | (9) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Etiology and Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Congenital Heart Disease |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Acyanotic Congenital Defects |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
Cyanotic Congenital Defects |
|
|
408 | (3) |
|
19 Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases |
|
|
411 | (23) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
412 | (9) |
|
Pathogenesis and Diagnosis |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Compensatory Mechanisms, Remodeling, and Progression |
|
|
413 | (4) |
|
|
|
417 | (3) |
|
Class and Stage of Heart Failure |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (13) |
|
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Rates of Sinus Rhythm |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Site of Impulse Initiation |
|
|
425 | (3) |
|
Conduction Pathway Disturbances |
|
|
428 | (3) |
|
|
|
431 | (3) |
|
|
|
434 | (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
434 | (5) |
|
Impaired Tissue Oxygenation |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
Compensatory Mechanisms and Stages of Shock |
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
|
|
439 | (8) |
|
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (4) |
|
Assessment and Hemodynamic Monitoring |
|
|
447 | (2) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Distribution of Blood Flow |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome |
|
|
449 | (2) |
| Unit VI: Respiratory Function |
|
|
21 Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange |
|
|
451 | (27) |
|
|
|
|
|
452 | (8) |
|
Development of the Pulmonary System |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (4) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (3) |
|
|
|
460 | (5) |
|
Lung Volumes and Capacities |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Alveolar Ventilation/Oxygenation |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Distribution of Ventilation |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Neurologic Control of Ventilation |
|
|
462 | (3) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Distribution of Blood Flow |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Diffusion and Transport of Respiratory Gases |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Pulmonary Function |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
Hypoventilation and Hyperventilation |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Acute Respiratory Failure |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Function Testing |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Bronchial Provocation Tests |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Pulmonary Vasculature |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary Venous Thromboembolism |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
|
475 | (4) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
22 Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders |
|
|
478 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
Obstruction From Conditions in the Wall of the Lumen |
|
|
479 | (9) |
|
|
|
479 | (4) |
|
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
Obstruction Related to Loss of Lung |
|
|
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
Obstruction of the Airway Lumen |
|
|
491 | (9) |
|
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Acute Tracheobronchial Obstruction |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
23 Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders |
|
|
499 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
Lung Parenchyma Disorders |
|
|
500 | (4) |
|
Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases |
|
|
500 | (4) |
|
|
|
504 | (4) |
|
|
|
508 | (3) |
|
Neuromuscular, Chest Wall, and Obesity Disorders |
|
|
511 | (3) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Infection or Inflammation of the Lung |
|
|
514 | (7) |
| Unit VII: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis |
|
|
24 Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances |
|
|
521 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
522 | (3) |
|
Fluid Intake and Absorption |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Fluid Loss Through Abnormal Routes |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
525 | (4) |
|
Extracellular Fluid Volume |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
Both Volume and Concentration |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Interstitial Fluid Volume |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Principles of Electrolyte Homeostasis |
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
Electrolyte Intake and Absorption |
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
Electrolyte Loss Through Abnormal Routes |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
531 | (10) |
|
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (6) |
|
25 Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances |
|
|
541 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
|
|
545 | (7) |
|
Mixed Acid-Base Imbalances |
|
|
549 | (2) |
| Unit VIII: Renal and Bladder Function |
|
|
|
|
551 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Renal Lymphatics and Innervation |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
Overview of Nephron Structure and Function |
|
|
554 | (6) |
|
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Glomerular Filtration |
|
|
560 | (5) |
|
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
Factors Affecting Filtration Pressure |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Tubuloglomerular Feedback |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Effects of Glucose and Amino Acids |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Transport Across Renal Tubules |
|
|
565 | (2) |
|
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Blood Volume and Osmolality |
|
|
567 | (3) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, Natriuretic Peptides, Urodilatin, Uroguanylin, and Guanylin |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Age-Related Changes in Renal Function |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Tests of Renal Structure and Function |
|
|
570 | (5) |
|
|
|
570 | (2) |
|
|
|
572 | (3) |
|
|
|
575 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
Common Manifestations of Kidney Disease |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Urinalysis Findings |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
Renal Agenesis and Hypoplasia |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
|
|
583 | (3) |
|
Glomerular Disorders (Glomerulopathies) |
|
|
586 | (7) |
|
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
|
|
589 | (4) |
|
28 Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
593 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
593 | (8) |
|
Etiology and Pathophysiology |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
Clinical Presentation of Acute Kidney Injury |
|
|
596 | (5) |
|
|
|
601 | (3) |
|
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
|
|
604 | (5) |
|
29 Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract |
|
|
609 | (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Physiology of Micturition |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Syndromes |
|
|
611 | (3) |
|
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
Inflammation and Infection |
|
|
619 | (3) |
|
|
|
622 | (4) |
|
Lower Urinary Tract Calculi |
|
|
622 | (4) |
| Unit IX: Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
30 Male Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
626 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
626 | (6) |
|
Upper Genitourinary Tract |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Lower Genitourinary Tract |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (3) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Male Reproductive Physiology |
|
|
633 | (8) |
|
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis |
|
|
633 | (4) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (4) |
|
31 Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
641 | (15) |
|
|
|
Disorders of the Penis and Male Urethra |
|
|
641 | (6) |
|
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Scrotum and Testes |
|
|
647 | (4) |
|
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
|
648 | (2) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Prostate |
|
|
651 | (5) |
|
32 Female Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
656 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
656 | (3) |
|
Organization of the Female Reproductive Organs |
|
|
656 | (3) |
|
|
|
659 | (3) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (5) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Fetal Membranes and Placenta |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Development of the Human Embryo and Fetus |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
Response of the Mother's Body to Pregnancy |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (3) |
|
33 Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function |
|
|
671 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
672 | (2) |
|
Alterations in Uterine Position and Pelvic Support |
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
Inflammation and Infection of the Female Reproductive Tract |
|
|
676 | (2) |
|
Benign Growths and Aberrant Tissue of the Female Reproductive Tract |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Female Genital Structures |
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
|
682 | (8) |
|
Reactive-Inflammatory Breast Disorders |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Malignant Disorder of the Breast |
|
|
684 | (5) |
|
34 Sexually Transmitted Infections |
|
|
689 | (8) |
|
|
|
Urethritis, Cervicitis, Salpingitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
Diseases With Systemic Involvement |
|
|
691 | (3) |
|
Diseases With Localized Lesions |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
|
695 | (2) |
| Unit X: Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
35 Gastrointestinal Function |
|
|
697 | (23) |
|
|
|
Structure and Organization of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
698 | (6) |
|
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
|
699 | (5) |
|
Gastrointestinal Motility |
|
|
704 | (8) |
|
Characteristics of the Intestinal Wall |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
|
704 | (2) |
|
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Movement in the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
|
707 | (5) |
|
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Secretion of Gastrointestinal Juices |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Gastrointestinal Hormones |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
|
|
712 | (5) |
|
Digestion of Carbohydrates |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
Gastrointestinal Function Across the Life Span |
|
|
717 | (4) |
|
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
|
|
717 | (3) |
|
36 Gastrointestinal Disorders |
|
|
720 | (22) |
|
|
|
Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders |
|
|
721 | (3) |
|
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
|
721 | (2) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Alterations in Bowel Patterns |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
DISORDERS OF THE MOUTH AND ESOPHAGUS |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (2) |
|
ALTERATIONS IN THE INTEGRITY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT WALL |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
Inflammation of the Stomach and Intestines |
|
|
726 | (2) |
|
Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
|
728 | (3) |
|
|
|
731 | (2) |
|
ALTERATIONS IN MOTILITY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
|
733 | (2) |
|
Disorders of Malabsorption |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
Malabsorption Disorders After Surgical Intervention |
|
|
735 | (2) |
|
NEOPLASMS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
Esophageal, Gastric, and Small Intestinal Cancers |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
Colonic Polyps and Colon Cancer |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
Psychosocial Aspects of Gastrointestinal Disorders |
|
|
739 | (3) |
|
Stress of Lifestyle Changes |
|
|
739 | (3) |
|
37 Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas |
|
|
742 | (12) |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Pancreaticobiliary System |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
Embryology of the Pancreaticobiliary System |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Functional Anatomy of the Pancreas |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Gallbladder |
|
|
744 | (4) |
|
Pathophysiology of Cholesterol Gallstone Formation |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis |
|
|
745 | (3) |
|
Disorders of the Pancreas |
|
|
748 | (7) |
|
|
|
748 | (6) |
|
|
|
754 | (29) |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Liver |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
General Manifestations of Liver Disease |
|
|
755 | (12) |
|
|
|
755 | (4) |
|
|
|
759 | (4) |
|
Portal Systemic Encephalopathy |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
Complications of Advanced Liver Disease |
|
|
764 | (3) |
|
|
|
767 | (6) |
|
|
|
767 | (5) |
|
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Other Structural Liver Conditions |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
|
|
776 | (2) |
|
Evaluation of the Transplantation Patient |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
Posttransplantation Management |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
Age-Related Liver Disorders |
|
|
778 | (2) |
|
Liver Diseases and Pediatric Considerations |
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Bilirubin Metabolism in the Neonatal Period |
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
Infectious and Acquired Hepatitides in Children |
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
Liver Diseases and Geriatric Considerations |
|
|
780 | (3) |
| Unit XI: Endocrine Function, Metabolism, and Nutrition |
|
|
39 Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation |
|
|
783 | (16) |
|
|
|
Hormone Structure and Action |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
Chemical Structure of Hormone Classes |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Hormone Action |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
|
|
786 | (2) |
|
Hormone Synthesis, Secretion, and Metabolism |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Receptor Responses |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Endocrine System |
|
|
788 | (5) |
|
Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Gland |
|
|
788 | (2) |
|
Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland |
|
|
790 | (3) |
|
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
Thyroid Action on Target Cells |
|
|
793 | (1) |
|
|
|
794 | (3) |
|
Steroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion |
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
Steroid Action on Target Cells |
|
|
795 | (2) |
|
Categories of Endocrine Disease |
|
|
797 | (2) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (2) |
|
40 Disorders of Endocrine Function |
|
|
799 | (16) |
|
|
|
Basic Concepts of Endocrine Disorders |
|
|
799 | (2) |
|
Etiology of Endocrine Disorders |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Classification of Endocrine Disorders |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
|
801 | (2) |
|
Thyroid Hormone Disorders |
|
|
803 | (3) |
|
Adrenocortical Hormone Disorders |
|
|
806 | (4) |
|
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
Parathyroid Gland Disorders |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
Regulation and Actions of Parathyroid Hormone |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
Antidiuretic Hormone Disorders |
|
|
812 | (3) |
|
|
|
815 | (23) |
|
|
|
Regulation of Glucose Metabolism |
|
|
816 | (4) |
|
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
|
|
818 | (2) |
|
Glucose Intolerance Disorders |
|
|
820 | (5) |
|
Classification of Glucose Intolerance Disorders |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
|
|
821 | (3) |
|
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations and Complications |
|
|
825 | (2) |
|
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome |
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
Neuropathic Complications |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
Complications in Pregnancy |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
|
827 | (6) |
|
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
Obesity and Eating Disorders |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (2) |
|
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
|
|
831 | (2) |
|
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (4) |
|
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
|
|
835 | (1) |
|
|
|
835 | (3) |
|
42 Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders |
|
|
838 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
838 | (1) |
|
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
|
839 | (2) |
|
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Appetite and Nutrient Metabolism |
|
|
841 | (3) |
|
Role of Genetics, Epigenetics, and Environment |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
Hormonal Regulation of Nutrient Intake and Appetite |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
Hormonal Regulation of Nutrient Storage, Distribution, and Metabolism |
|
|
843 | (1) |
|
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
Metabolic Responses to Starvation and Physiologic Stress |
|
|
844 | (2) |
|
Starvation and Protein-Energy Malnutrition |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
Nutritional Considerations for Aging and Altered Health States |
|
|
846 | (5) |
|
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
Infection, Sepsis, and Fever |
|
|
846 | (2) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (2) |
| Unit XII: Neural Function |
|
|
43 Structure and Function of the Nervous System |
|
|
850 | (41) |
|
|
|
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
|
|
851 | (12) |
|
Support and Protection of the Central Nervous System |
|
|
851 | (2) |
|
|
|
853 | (8) |
|
|
|
861 | (2) |
|
Peripheral Nervous System |
|
|
863 | (4) |
|
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
|
|
864 | (3) |
|
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
NEURONAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION |
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
Neurons and Supportive Cells |
|
|
868 | (4) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
|
868 | (4) |
|
|
|
872 | (8) |
|
|
|
872 | (2) |
|
|
|
874 | (1) |
|
|
|
875 | (5) |
|
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
Neural Development, Aging, and Injury |
|
|
880 | (2) |
|
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
Central Control of Motor Function |
|
|
885 | (1) |
|
CONSCIOUSNESS, MEMORY, AND SLEEP |
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
|
886 | (2) |
|
|
|
888 | (3) |
|
44 Acute Disorders of Brain Function |
|
|
891 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
Mechanisms of Brain Injury |
|
|
892 | (8) |
|
|
|
892 | (3) |
|
Increased Intracranial Pressure |
|
|
895 | (5) |
|
Manifestations of Brain Injury |
|
|
900 | (2) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
901 | (1) |
|
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
Types of Traumatic Brain Injury |
|
|
903 | (1) |
|
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE AND STROKE |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
|
906 | (2) |
|
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
Motor and Sensory Deficits |
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
CREBRAL ANEURYSM AND ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
|
|
909 | (2) |
|
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Manifestations |
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
Arteriovenous Malformation |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Manifestations |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Manifestations |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
|
912 | (4) |
|
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis and Manifestations |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
|
913 | (2) |
|
45 Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function |
|
|
915 | (21) |
|
|
|
Brain and Cerebellar Disorders |
|
|
916 | (9) |
|
|
|
916 | (2) |
|
|
|
918 | (2) |
|
|
|
920 | (2) |
|
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Disorders |
|
|
925 | (12) |
|
|
|
925 | (2) |
|
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
|
|
928 | (1) |
|
|
|
928 | (3) |
|
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
|
|
932 | (4) |
|
46 Alterations in Special Sensory Function |
|
|
936 | (19) |
|
|
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of the Ear |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
General Manifestations of Hearing Impairment |
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
Hearing Impairment Disorders |
|
|
939 | (2) |
|
Conductive Hearing Impairment |
|
|
939 | (1) |
|
Sensorineural Hearing Impairment |
|
|
939 | (2) |
|
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
Interventions for Individuals With Hearing Impairment |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
General Manifestations of Visual Impairment |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
|
|
944 | (6) |
|
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
|
|
945 | (2) |
|
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
|
|
948 | (2) |
|
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
Interventions for Individuals With Vision Impairment |
|
|
950 | (2) |
|
|
|
952 | (3) |
|
|
|
955 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
955 | (5) |
|
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
|
|
956 | (2) |
|
|
|
958 | (1) |
|
|
|
958 | (2) |
|
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
|
|
962 | (1) |
|
|
|
962 | (2) |
|
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (2) |
|
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
|
|
965 | (1) |
|
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
|
|
966 | (1) |
|
Physiologic Responses to Pain |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
Pain in the Young and the Elderly |
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
|
|
967 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Pain Management |
|
|
967 | (5) |
|
Interrupting Peripheral Transmission of Pain |
|
|
968 | (1) |
|
Modulating Pain Transmission at the Spinal Cord |
|
|
968 | (1) |
|
Altering the Perception and Integration of Pain |
|
|
968 | (3) |
| Unit XIII: Neuropsychological Function |
|
|
48 Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses |
|
|
971 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
972 | (6) |
|
Etiology and Neurobiology |
|
|
972 | (4) |
|
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Treatment |
|
|
977 | (1) |
|
Major Depressive and Persistent Depressive Disorders |
|
|
978 | (4) |
|
Etiology and Neurobiology |
|
|
979 | (1) |
|
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
|
|
981 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Treatment |
|
|
981 | (1) |
|
|
|
982 | (2) |
|
Etiology and Neurobiology |
|
|
982 | (1) |
|
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
|
|
983 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Treatment |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
Population Considerations |
|
|
984 | (5) |
|
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
|
984 | (5) |
|
49 Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses |
|
|
989 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
989 | (6) |
|
|
|
990 | (1) |
|
Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
|
|
991 | (1) |
|
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
|
|
992 | (2) |
|
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
|
|
995 | (7) |
|
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |
|
|
996 | (1) |
|
|
|
997 | (4) |
| Unit XIV: Musculoskeletal Support and Movement |
|
|
50 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System |
|
|
1001 | (19) |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of Bone |
|
|
1002 | (4) |
|
|
|
1002 | (1) |
|
|
|
1003 | (1) |
|
Response to Injury, Stress, and Aging |
|
|
1004 | (2) |
|
Structure and Function of Joints |
|
|
1006 | (5) |
|
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
|
|
1007 | (4) |
|
Structure and Function of Articular Cartilage |
|
|
1011 | (1) |
|
|
|
1011 | (1) |
|
|
|
1011 | (1) |
|
Response to Injury, Stress, and Aging |
|
|
1012 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Tendons and Ligaments |
|
|
1012 | (1) |
|
|
|
1012 | (1) |
|
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
Response to Injury, Stress, and Aging |
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle |
|
|
1013 | (2) |
|
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
Mechanics of Muscle Contraction |
|
|
1015 | (6) |
|
|
|
1015 | (1) |
|
|
|
1015 | (1) |
|
Electromechanical Coupling |
|
|
1015 | (1) |
|
Types of Muscle Contraction |
|
|
1016 | (1) |
|
|
|
1017 | (1) |
|
Response to Movement and Exercise |
|
|
1017 | (3) |
|
51 Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease |
|
|
1020 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
Inert Soft Tissue Injuries |
|
|
1021 | (2) |
|
|
|
1021 | (1) |
|
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
Internal Joint Derangement |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Injuries to Fasciae and Bursae |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Injuries to Nerves, Nerve Roots, or Dura Mater |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Contractile Soft Tissue Injuries |
|
|
1023 | (3) |
|
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Muscle and Tendon Strains |
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
Soft Tissue Healing After Trauma |
|
|
1024 | (2) |
|
BONE INJURIES AND INFECTIONS |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
|
1026 | (5) |
|
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
|
1026 | (4) |
|
Dislocations and Subluxations |
|
|
1030 | (1) |
|
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
ALTERATIONS IN BONE STRUCTURE AND MASS |
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
|
1033 | (3) |
|
|
|
1033 | (2) |
|
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
|
|
1036 | (2) |
|
|
|
1036 | (1) |
|
|
|
1037 | (1) |
|
DISEASES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
Becker Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
OTHER DISORDERS OF MUSCLE |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
|
1040 | (2) |
|
|
|
1040 | (2) |
|
52 Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders |
|
|
1042 | (16) |
|
|
|
Local Disorders of Joint Function |
|
|
1042 | (4) |
|
|
|
1042 | (3) |
|
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
Systemic Disorders of Joint Function |
|
|
1046 | (7) |
|
Immune-Mediated Disorders |
|
|
1046 | (6) |
|
Postinfectious Systemic Disorders |
|
|
1052 | (1) |
|
Joint Dysfunction Secondary to Other Diseases |
|
|
1053 | (3) |
|
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy |
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
Adult-Onset Still Disease |
|
|
1055 | (1) |
|
Pediatric Joint Disorders |
|
|
1056 | (3) |
|
|
|
1056 | (1) |
|
|
|
1056 | (1) |
|
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis |
|
|
1056 | (2) |
| Unit XV: Integumentary System |
|
|
53 Alterations in the Integumentary System |
|
|
1058 | (35) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1059 | (2) |
|
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
Dermis and Subcutaneous Tissue |
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
|
|
1061 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of the Integumentary System |
|
|
1061 | (2) |
|
Primary and Secondary Lesions |
|
|
1061 | (1) |
|
|
|
1062 | (1) |
|
|
|
1063 | (1) |
|
|
|
1064 | (5) |
|
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
|
|
1065 | (2) |
|
|
|
1067 | (2) |
|
|
|
1069 | (3) |
|
|
|
1072 | (3) |
|
|
|
1075 | (1) |
|
Other Disorders of the Dermis |
|
|
1076 | (5) |
|
|
|
1076 | (1) |
|
Sunburn and Photosensitivity |
|
|
1077 | (1) |
|
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
Altered Cell Growth: Epidermal Proliferation |
|
|
1078 | (2) |
|
|
|
1080 | (1) |
|
Special Characteristics of Dark Skin |
|
|
1081 | (2) |
|
Integumentary Manifestations of Systemic Disease |
|
|
1083 | (3) |
|
|
|
1083 | (1) |
|
|
|
1084 | (1) |
|
|
|
1084 | (2) |
|
|
|
1086 | (1) |
|
|
|
1086 | (1) |
|
|
|
1086 | (1) |
|
Selection of a Delivery System |
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
Developmental Considerations |
|
|
1087 | (7) |
|
|
|
1087 | (1) |
|
|
|
1088 | (2) |
|
Adolescence and Young Adulthood |
|
|
1090 | (1) |
|
|
|
1090 | (3) |
|
|
|
1093 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1094 | (13) |
|
Etiology, Incidence, and Mortality |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
|
1094 | (2) |
|
|
|
1096 | (1) |
|
|
|
1097 | (1) |
|
|
|
1097 | (1) |
|
|
|
1097 | (2) |
|
|
|
1099 | (1) |
|
Burn Shock and Acute Resuscitation |
|
|
1099 | (2) |
|
|
|
1101 | (1) |
|
|
|
1102 | (1) |
|
|
|
1102 | (1) |
|
|
|
1103 | (1) |
|
Elements of Burn Injury Survival |
|
|
1103 | (3) |
|
|
|
1106 | (1) |
|
|
|
1107 | (2) |
|
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
Management and Complications |
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
|
|
1109 | (1) |
|
Management and Complications |
|
|
1109 | (1) |
|
Common Agents and Treatment |
|
|
1109 | (1) |
|
|
|
1110 | (4) |
|
|
|
1110 | (4) |
| Glossary |
|
1114 | (29) |
| Index |
|
1143 | |
