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Paul on Humility [Kietas viršelis]

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Humility is thus a potent concept that speaks to our contemporary anxieties and discomforts.

Humility in the modern world is neither well understood nor well received. Many see it as a sign of weakness; others decry it as a Western construct whose imposition onto marginalized persons only perpetuates oppression. This skepticism has a long pedigree: Aristotle, for instance, pointed to humility as a shameless front. What then are we to make of the New Testament's valorization of this trait?

Translated from German into English for the first time, Paul on Humility seeks to reclaim the original sense of humility as an ethical frame of mind that shapes community, securing its centrality in the Christian faith. This exploration of humility begins with a consideration of how the concept plays into current cultural crises before considering its linguistic and philosophical history in Western culture. In turning to the roots of Christian humility, Eve-Marie Becker focuses on Philippians 2, a passage in which Paul appeals to the lowliness of Christ to encourage his fellow Christians to persevere. Becker shows that humility both formed the basis of the ethic Paul instilled in churches and acted as a mimetic device centered on Jesus' example that was molded into the earliest Christian identity and community.

Becker resists the urge to cheapen humility with mere moralism. In the vision of Paul, the humble individual is one immersed in a complex, transformative way of being. The path of humility does not constrain the self; rather, it guides the self to true freedom in fellowship with others. Humility is thus a potent concept that speaks to our contemporary anxieties and discomforts.

Editors' Preface ix
Author's Preface to the English Edition xiii
Author's Preface to the German Edition xv
1 Approaching The Topic: `Humility' In Cultural Discourse
1(22)
1.1 Pauline `Humility' in Its Historical Context
1(4)
1.2 Cultural History as the Work of Memory
5(5)
1.3 Virtue, Vice, and an `Ambivalent Ethic'
10(4)
1.4 On the Advantages and Disadvantages of `Humility'
14(5)
1.5 Ethos or Virtue? On the Ethical Discourse Setting
19(4)
2 `Humility' In Past And Present
23(28)
2.1 Linguistic History and Semantics: ταπ&epilon;ινoΦoσυνη, humilitas, Demut (Humility)
23(6)
2.2 From Ancient Christian Humility to the Perversions of the Twentieth Century
29(13)
2.3 Conditions of Exegetical Understanding: Rudolf Bultmann and `Humility'
42(4)
2.4 Revisions and Exegetical Upheavals
46(5)
3 Philippians 2: Text And Interpretation
51(38)
3.1 Initial Observations on Philippians 2.3 and on the Literary Context
51(2)
3.2 ταπ&epilon;ινoΦoσυνη/Low-Disposition: Motif History
53(13)
3.3 Philippians 2.6-11: Christ as exemplum of ταπ&epilon;ινoΦoσυνη
66(6)
3.4 The Letter-Writer Paul as Prisoner
72(5)
3.5 Semantics of Φoνειν in Philippians
77(4)
3.6 Semantics of Lowliness in Philippians
81(3)
3.7 Humility and Death: ταπ&epilon;ινoΦoσυνη in Teaching and Paraenesis
84(5)
4 Before Philippians: Paul And `Humility' In 2 Corinthians And Romans
89(14)
4.1 Paul as δoυλoσ: Autobiography and Integrity of the Person
89(5)
4.2 The Lowliness of the Apostle: 2 Corinthians 10.1; 11.7
94(3)
4.3 God, Christ, and `Humility': 2 Corinthians 7.6; 8.9; 12.21
97(3)
4.4 Exhortations to Low-Disposition: Romans 12.16
100(3)
5 The Pauline Concept In Philippians 2: `Humility' As Christian Practical Wisdom And Literary Practice
103(14)
5.1 ταπ&epilon;ινoΦoσυνη as Christian Φoνησισ
103(4)
5.2 Ethics and Poetics: The Apostle
107(1)
5.3 Ecclesial Practical Wisdom: The Community
108(1)
5.4 Between Ethos and Intellectual Virtue: The Individual
109(4)
5.5 Low-Disposition and Justice
113(4)
6 After Paul: τΑΠΕΙΝ- In The Beginnings Of Christianity
117(22)
6.1 Tendencies
117(1)
6.2 The Book of Acts
118(4)
6.3 Deutero-Paulinism: Colossians and Ephesians
122(3)
6.4 Matthew and Luke
125(3)
6.5 Extra-Pauline Epistolary Literature I: James
128(5)
6.6 Extra-Pauline Epistolary Literature II: 1 Peter
133(3)
6.7 Apostolic Fathers: 1 Clement
136(3)
7 Prospect: Ambiguity And Clarity Of A Theological-Ethical Term
139(12)
7.1 Paul and the Wirkungsgeschichte of Christian Humility
139(1)
7.2 From Clement of Alexandria to John Chrysostom
140(3)
7.3 Ernst Lohmeyer: An Exegete of Philippians and a Political Martyr
143(4)
7.4 Attempt at a Terminological Specification: Paul and `Humility'
147(4)
Bibliography 151(26)
Index of Ancient Sources 177(12)
Index of Persons and Authors 189
Eve-Marie Becker is Professor of New Testament at the University of Muenster.

Wayne Coppins is Professor of Religion at the University of Georgia.