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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvi | |
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xvii | |
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xx | |
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1 Introduction to Payment Services: Law and Practice |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (3) |
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B Financial Crisis to Present Frontiers |
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4 | (6) |
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C Regulatory Overhaul: European Union |
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10 | (12) |
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D Regulatory Overhaul: UK |
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22 | (7) |
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E Regulatory Challenges: Cryptocurrencies and Distributed Ledger Technologies |
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29 | (13) |
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42 | (15) |
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G Post-Script: Brexit and Covid-19 |
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57 | |
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3 The Regulatory Framework for Payment Services in the Eu and UK |
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1 | (5) |
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B Payment Services Directive -- Psd2 |
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6 | (193) |
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6 | (17) |
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2 Regulatory authorisation requirements |
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23 | (13) |
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3 Regulatory passport rights |
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36 | (6) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (5) |
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6 Safeguarding requirements |
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49 | (2) |
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7 Rules that apply to all PSPs |
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51 | (62) |
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8 Strong customer authentication |
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113 | (17) |
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9 Third party providers and account access |
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130 | (25) |
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10 Regulatory reporting requirements |
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155 | (34) |
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11 Outsourcing of operational functions |
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189 | (10) |
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C Electronic Money Directive -- EMD2 |
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199 | (13) |
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1 Application and scope: `electronic money' and `electronic money issuers' |
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199 | (5) |
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2 Regulatory authorisation requirements |
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204 | (1) |
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3 Rules that apply only to authorised electronic money institutions |
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205 | (3) |
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4 Rules that apply to all electronic money issuers |
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208 | (4) |
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D Interchange Fee Regulation -- IFR |
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212 | (5) |
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217 | (4) |
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221 | |
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4 Regulation of Payment Systems |
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1 | (3) |
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B The Eu Interchange Fee Regulation |
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4 | (35) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (10) |
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3 Exclusions: limited network, commercial cards, ATMs, three-party payment card schemes |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (5) |
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5 Separation of payment card scheme and processing entities |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (9) |
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36 | (3) |
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C Payment Services Directive-PSD2 |
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39 | (5) |
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1 Exclusion of transactions within a payment system |
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39 | (2) |
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2 Access to payment systems |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (20) |
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44 | (3) |
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2 Systemically important payment systems (SIPS |
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47 | (6) |
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3 Non-systemically important payment systems (non-SIPS |
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53 | (2) |
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4 The oversight framework for electronic payment instruments, schemes and arrangements |
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55 | (9) |
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64 | (1) |
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1 Supervision by the Bank of England under the Banking Act 2009 |
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64 | (14) |
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2 Supervision by the Payment Systems Regulator under the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013 |
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78 | |
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5 Financial Crime and Enforcement Against Payments Firms and Payments Systems |
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1 | (3) |
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B Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing |
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4 | (125) |
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4 | (4) |
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2 Key legislation and guidance |
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8 | (1) |
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3 Background: money laundering and terrorist financing |
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9 | (4) |
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4 Money laundering offences and reporting obligations |
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13 | (34) |
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5 Terrorist financing offences and reporting obligations |
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47 | (14) |
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6 Systems and controls (including CDD |
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61 | (43) |
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104 | (20) |
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8 A note on EU legislation regarding AML/CTF |
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124 | (5) |
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129 | (38) |
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129 | (4) |
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2 Legislation and guidance |
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133 | (5) |
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3 Scope of financial sanctions |
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138 | (2) |
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4 Typical terms of financial sanctions |
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140 | (13) |
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153 | (11) |
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6 A note on EU legislation regarding financial sanctions |
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164 | (3) |
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D Enforcement Against Payments Firms and Payments Systems |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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2 FCA enforcement under PSRs |
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171 | (14) |
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185 | |
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6 Payments and Eu Data Protection Law |
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A The Regulation of Data-Driven Payments |
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1 | (15) |
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1 Payments data as an asset? |
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4 | (6) |
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2 Payments data as a liability? |
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10 | (6) |
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B Data Protection in the Payments Industry |
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16 | (38) |
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1 Application of the GDPR to PSPs |
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16 | (3) |
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2 Applying GDPR concepts of `controller' and `processor' to PSPs? |
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19 | (7) |
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3 The Data Protection Principles |
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26 | (19) |
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4 International transfers of personal data |
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45 | (9) |
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C Cybersecurity in the Payments Industry |
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54 | (1) |
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1 Outline of key EU/UK cybersecurity laws |
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55 | (5) |
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2 Requirements for PSPs under the GDPR before a cyber incident occurs |
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60 | (4) |
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3 Requirements for PSPs under the GDPR after a cyber incident has occurred |
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64 | |
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7 Payments and Blockchain/Crypto-Assets |
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1 | (10) |
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B Bitcoin and Blockchains |
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11 | (19) |
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1 Solving the double-spending problem |
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11 | (7) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (9) |
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30 | (29) |
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1 Asset referencing stablecoins and algorithmic stablecoins |
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32 | (5) |
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2 Diem and the regulatory response to global stablecoins |
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37 | (11) |
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3 Central bank digital currencies |
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48 | (11) |
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D UK And Eu Regulatory Approaches to Crypto-Assets |
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59 | (57) |
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1 Classifying crypto-assets |
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61 | (10) |
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71 | (13) |
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84 | (32) |
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116 | |
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8 EU Competition Law and Payments |
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1 | (2) |
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B The Evolution of Eu Competition Law in Payments |
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3 | (7) |
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1 The confirmation of the applicability of EU competition law in payments |
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3 | (2) |
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2 The development of EU competition law in payments |
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5 | (3) |
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3 Recent enforcement and regulation focus -- fair and equal access for new entrants |
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8 | (2) |
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C EU Competition Laws Applicable to Payments |
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10 | (7) |
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1 Key provision of EU competition law -- Treaty provisions, primary and secondary EU legislation |
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11 | (2) |
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2 Commission Notices and Guidance |
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13 | (1) |
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3 Other applicable EU law with an impact or influence on competition in payments |
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14 | (3) |
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D Enforcement of Eu Competition Laws in Payments |
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17 | (17) |
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1 Enforcement by the Commission |
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18 | (6) |
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2 Enforcement by the national competition authorities of member states |
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24 | (4) |
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3 Enforcement by private individuals before national courts |
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28 | (6) |
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E Hot Button Eu Competition Law Issues and Precedent in Payments Through the Years |
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34 | (1) |
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1 Inter-bank payments systems and payment transactions |
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35 | (4) |
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2 Payment cards -- wholesale and retail pricing issues |
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39 | (5) |
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3 Payment cards -- non-pricing issues |
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44 | (8) |
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4 Fintech, digital wallets and currencies -- access issues |
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52 | (6) |
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5 Fintech, digital wallets and currencies -- dominance issues |
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58 | |
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1 | (1) |
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B Overview of Regulatory Structure for Key Us Payments Players |
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2 | (15) |
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5 | (6) |
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11 | (6) |
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17 | (4) |
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1 Anti-money laundering and sanctions laws |
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18 | (2) |
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2 Consumer protection laws |
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20 | (1) |
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D Developments in Chartering |
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21 | (11) |
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1 Federal Fintech Charter |
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24 | (4) |
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2 State industrial loan companies |
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28 | (3) |
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3 State special purpose charters |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (7) |
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43 | |
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10 Hong Kong Payment Services |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (7) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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C Regulation of Stored Value Facilities |
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9 | (21) |
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9 | (3) |
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2 Conditions and minimum criteria for applying for a SVF licence |
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12 | (1) |
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3 Corporate governance of SVF issuers |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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5 Management of float and SVF deposits |
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18 | (3) |
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6 Business practice of SVF licensees |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (4) |
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8 Obligations of SVF issuers and penalties |
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27 | (3) |
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D Regulation of Payment Systems |
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30 | (11) |
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30 | (6) |
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36 | (2) |
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3 Obligations of operators of designated payment systems |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | |
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11 Singapore Payment Services |
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A History and Development of Payments Legislation in Singapore |
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1 | (5) |
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1 | (5) |
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6 | (57) |
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6 | (3) |
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2 Licensing regime for payment service providers |
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9 | (5) |
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3 E-money and e-wallet services, money transfer services and merchant acquisition services |
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14 | (18) |
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4 Digital payment tokens (DPTs)/cryptocurrencies |
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32 | (10) |
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42 | (11) |
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6 Types of risk the PSA intends to mitigate |
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53 | (10) |
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C Regulation of Payment Systems |
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63 | (3) |
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63 | (3) |
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D Upcoming Proposed Amendments to Psa |
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66 | (13) |
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1 AML/CFT-related amendments |
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67 | (6) |
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2 Entities incorporated in Singapore providing DPT services outside of Singapore |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (5) |
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79 | |
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12 Mobile Payment Services in Africa |
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1 | (5) |
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6 | (43) |
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6 | (5) |
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2 Banking business vs payment service |
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11 | (4) |
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3 National Payments System Act: application and scope |
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15 | (8) |
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23 | (3) |
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5 Regulatory authorisation requirements |
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26 | (5) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (9) |
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8 Safeguarding requirements |
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41 | (8) |
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C Interoperability and Mobile Money 2.0 |
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49 | (305) |
Index |
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354 | |