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El. knyga: The Peace Discourse in Europe, 1900-1945

(University of Ferrara, Italy)

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This book charts ideas European intellectuals (mostly from Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy) put forward to solve the problem of war during the first half of the twentieth century: a period that began with the Anglo-Boer war and that ended with the explosion of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Such ideas do not belong to a homogeneous tradition of thought, but can be understood as a unique discourse that takes different characteristics according to the point of view of each author and of the specific historical situation.

Introduction 1(4)
PART I 1900--1914: Ideas and history, the nineteenth-century legacy of optimism
5(70)
1 Peace and patriotism: Ernesto Teodoro Moneta
6(15)
Moneta's political culture
7(3)
Instruments of peace
10(4)
Moneta's change of heart
14(7)
2 Peace, the free market and the strength of financial advantage: Norman Angell
21(17)
Progress, economy and peace
21(4)
Which way to peace?
25(2)
The economy and military domination
27(3)
War and history
30(3)
The force of reason
33(5)
3 "Do not avenge yourselves against those who do evil": Leo Tolstoy
38(17)
Christ's message and peace
38(5)
Against the "enlightened men of Europe"
43(4)
Men, soldiers and revolutionaries
47(8)
4 Against militarism
55(20)
Anti-militarism, rights, democracy
56(6)
Socialism and militarism
62(7)
Peace on the eve of the Great War
69(6)
PART II Inside the war (1914--1915)
75(42)
5 Apologies for violence
77(7)
6 Rhetorics of peace
84(17)
Anarchists and feminists
84(3)
German and Italian voices against war
87(3)
Romain Rolland
90(3)
Bertrand Russell
93(3)
The reasons of force and the force of reason
96(5)
7 Planning the future peace
101(16)
Some notes on the European debate
101(4)
The choice of Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson
105(4)
The League of Nations is not enough: Einaudi, Agnelli and Cabiati
109(3)
Towards a new Europe
112(5)
PART III Seeking a new European order: projects for unifying the continent in the interwar period
117(30)
8 From war to projects for European unity
119(11)
The 1920s
119(1)
Pan-Europa
120(3)
Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse and Harold Laski
123(2)
The international political context in the second half of the 1920s
125(5)
9 For a new Europe
130(17)
Georges Scelle
130(4)
Alexandre Marc
134(2)
The British debate on federalism
136(4)
Ernesto Rossi and Altiero Spinelli
140(3)
Quest for a European institutional order
143(4)
PART IV Critique of violence: politics, revolution and religion
147(86)
10 Peace and war in Max Scheler
149(19)
God's ultimatum to Europe
149(7)
The idea of peace
156(3)
Critique of pacifism
159(9)
11 The problem of force: Simone Weil
168(23)
War and liberation
169(5)
The worst evil
174(4)
Nazism and Achilles in a trap
178(5)
Europe in revolt
183(8)
12 Thinking outside politics: Andrea Caffi
191(14)
State, socialism, society
194(3)
Critique of political violence
197(2)
The revolution of "society"
199(6)
13 Bart de Ligt and the true revolution
205(11)
The reasons for violence
206(2)
Violence and revolution
208(3)
The lesson of facts
211(2)
Fake pacifism
213(3)
14 Aldo Capitini: elements of a nonviolent experience
216(17)
Individual, state and religion
218(4)
Religion, ethics and ...
222(2)
... Politics
224(5)
A nonviolent tradition?
229(4)
Index 233
Alberto Castelli is Associate Professor of the History of Political Ideas at the University of Ferrara, Italy.