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xiii | |
| Preface |
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xv | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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3 | (10) |
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The Importance of the Political Process |
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5 | (1) |
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The Importance of Private Control of Resources |
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5 | (1) |
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Citizen Influence on Policy Decisions |
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6 | (1) |
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Putting the Pieces Together |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (6) |
| PART I The Urban Environmental Context |
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13 | (92) |
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Context for Urban Policy Making |
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13 | (5) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (4) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (20) |
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Effects of Increasing Size |
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21 | (2) |
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The Life-style of Small Towns |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Role of Citizens in Small Towns |
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26 | (2) |
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Immigration and the Growth of Urban Areas |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (2) |
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The Effects of Urban Life-style on Politics |
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33 | (2) |
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Immigrants and Urban Politics |
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35 | (2) |
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Citizen Control in Cities |
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37 | (4) |
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The Development of Cities |
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41 | (34) |
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Economic and Technological Influences on Development |
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41 | (3) |
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Relationship of Economic and Political Factors |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (15) |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (9) |
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Box 3-1. The Postindustrial Transformation of New York City |
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62 | (6) |
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68 | (1) |
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Box 3-2. Gentrification and Resistance in San Francisco |
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69 | (6) |
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75 | (30) |
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The Problems Faced by Newcomers |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (7) |
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Box 4-1. Good Black/Bad Black? |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (5) |
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88 | (4) |
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Box 4-2. Pressures on New Immigrants |
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92 | (5) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (3) |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (5) |
| PART II Agenda Setting and Policy Formulation of Urban Issues |
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105 | (60) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (28) |
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Determinants of Participation |
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109 | (10) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (2) |
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Challenges to Business Dominance |
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118 | (1) |
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Who Participates: Citizen Activists |
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119 | (2) |
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Blacks, Latinos, and Asians |
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119 | (2) |
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Box 5-1. Minority Tensions |
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121 | (6) |
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Neighborhood Organizations |
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122 | (5) |
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Box 5-2. Grassroots Urban Renewal |
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127 | (3) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (3) |
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133 | (4) |
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Mechanisms of Citizen Control |
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137 | (28) |
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The Problems of Measuring Power |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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How Citizens Use Their Resources |
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140 | (2) |
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The Group Basis of Participation |
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142 | (4) |
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146 | (5) |
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Box 6-1. Electoral Coalitions and Racial/Ethnic Voting |
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151 | (1) |
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Citizen-initiated Contacts |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (1) |
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Box 6-2. 1992 Los Angeles Riot |
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157 | (2) |
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The Impact of Citizen Participation |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (5) |
| PART III Adoption, Implementation, and Evaluation of Urban Policy |
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165 | (150) |
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165 | (3) |
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Implementation and Service Delivery |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (34) |
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New England Town Meetings |
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171 | (3) |
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Weak Mayor-Council System |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (2) |
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Box 7-1. The Strenuous Life of a Tammany Hall District Leader |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (4) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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Box 7-2. Which Is Best: The Strong Mayor or the Council-Manager System? |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (3) |
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Machine Politics at the End of the Century |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Box 7-3. The Rise and Fall---and Rise of the Chicago Democratic Machine |
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198 | (7) |
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205 | (18) |
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205 | (3) |
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Box 8-1. Mayoral Styles: Rendell of Philadelphia and Hanna of Utica, New York |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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Box 8-2. There Is Never a Dull Moment for City Managers |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (4) |
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223 | (30) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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Governments in the Metropolis |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (2) |
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Explanations of Suburbanization |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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Box 9-1. African-Americans in the New Jersy Suburbs |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (2) |
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Intergovernmental Coordination Mechanisms |
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238 | (6) |
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Relatively Easy Forms of Coordination |
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238 | (3) |
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Moderately Difficult Forms of Cooperation |
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241 | (3) |
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Box 9-2. Experiments in Regionalism |
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244 | (4) |
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Very Difficult Forms of Cooperation |
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246 | (2) |
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Impact on Citizen Control |
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248 | (5) |
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Financing the City: Federal, State, and Local Roles |
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253 | (32) |
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254 | (2) |
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Box 10-1. The Philadelphia Story |
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256 | (1) |
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Evolution of Intergovernmental Relations (IGR) |
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257 | (6) |
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Dual Federalism (1789-1937) |
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257 | (2) |
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Cooperative Federalism (1933-1962) |
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259 | (1) |
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Creative Federalism (1960-1968) |
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260 | (1) |
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Competitive Federalism (1965-1980) |
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260 | (2) |
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New Federalism (1972-Present) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (12) |
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263 | (6) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Intergovernmental Transfers |
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271 | (3) |
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274 | (1) |
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Box 10-2. The Belaguered County |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (3) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (4) |
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Implementation, Evaluation, and Reform |
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285 | (30) |
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The Complex Context for Policy Implementation |
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285 | (1) |
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Challenges in Local Service Delivery |
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286 | (4) |
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Decision Rules and Service Delivery |
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288 | (1) |
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Patterns of Service Delivery |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (7) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Examination and Interpretation |
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297 | (1) |
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Reforming Government Programs and Service Delivery |
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297 | (5) |
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Total Quality Management (TQM) |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (1) |
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Box 11-1. The Cult of Total Quality |
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302 | (4) |
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Box 11-2. Enterpreneurial Government: The Morning After |
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306 | (5) |
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308 | (2) |
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Implications of Management Reform |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (4) |
| PART IV Policy Arenas |
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315 | (128) |
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Developmental Policy: Land-use Regulation, Economic and Community Development, and Transportation |
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319 | (38) |
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Popular Control over Land-use Policy |
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320 | (2) |
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Planning and Land-use Regulation |
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322 | (7) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (4) |
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Box 12-1. Reveille for Times Square |
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329 | (5) |
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331 | (3) |
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Economic and Community Development |
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334 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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Box 12-2. Detroit to Have New Sports Stadiums Through Public-Private Partnerships |
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336 | (6) |
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Adoption and Implementation |
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336 | (4) |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (3) |
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Box 12-3. Is Light Rail the Answer to Urban Transportation Woes? |
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346 | (5) |
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Implementation and Evaluation |
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348 | (3) |
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351 | (6) |
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Quality-of-Life Issues: Education and Crime Control |
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357 | (42) |
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Popular Control over Quality-of-Life Policies |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (12) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (4) |
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364 | (3) |
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367 | (3) |
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370 | (1) |
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Box 13-1. Who Should Control the Local Schools? |
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371 | (3) |
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374 | (3) |
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Box 13-2. Out of Place in a Small Town |
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377 | (9) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (5) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (2) |
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Box 13-3. The Case of the Peeping Cop |
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386 | (6) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (7) |
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Redistributive Policy: Welfare and Housing |
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399 | (34) |
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Public Control over Redistributive Policy |
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401 | (2) |
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403 | (12) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (2) |
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409 | (3) |
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412 | (3) |
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Box 14-1. The Race to the Bottom? |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (10) |
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Agenda Setting and Formulation |
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417 | (1) |
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Adoption and Implementation: Home Ownership Programs |
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418 | (2) |
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Adoption and Implementation: Rental Housing Programs |
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420 | (4) |
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424 | (2) |
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Box 14-2. Children Are the Hardest Hit as Nation's Hmeless Population Continues to Grow |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (6) |
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433 | (10) |
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Limits on Citizen Control |
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434 | (2) |
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Evidence of Citizen Control |
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436 | (3) |
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Citizen Control of Public Policy |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (3) |
| Glossary |
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443 | (12) |
| Index |
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455 | |
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