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El. knyga: Pesticides in the Natural Environment: Sources, Health Risks, and Remediation

Edited by (Professor, University of Johannesburg., South Africa), Edited by (Assistant Professor, Sunbeam College for Women, Varanasi, India), Edited by (Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-May-2022
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323904902
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pesticides in the Natural Environment: Sources, Health Risks, and RemediationDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-May-2022
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323904902
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Pesticides in the Natural Environment: Sources, Health Risks, and Remediation presents the direct and indirect impacts of the use of pesticides on the environment, human health, and agriculture. The book explores sustainable alternatives to pesticide use, along with policies for regulations and remediation techniques. Bridging the gap between regulations and the tangible environmental threat, the book proposes practical solutions while also providing important context on the hazards of pesticides. It highlights the influence on climate change, offering a holistic perspective for researchers in environmental science, policymakers, and land managers. The book introduces pesticides and their applications, then goes on to cover their impact on various ecosystems in the natural environment. Health risks are covered, followed by various remediation techniques, such as biological processes, phytoremediation, and chemical treatments.

  • Describes the impact of pesticides on the environment, human health and the food chain as well as regulations and policies to address the impact
  • Presents remediation strategies and techniques for pesticides in a variety of ecosystems, along with potential alternatives
  • Includes case studies to illustrate the proper management of pesticides and intervention
Contributors xvii
Chapter 1 Classification of pesticides and loss of crops due to creepy crawlers
1(22)
Mohd Ashraf Dar
Garima Kaushik
1 Introduction
1(1)
2 Crop losses due to pests
2(2)
3 Pesticide classification
4(3)
4 Classification based on chemical structure
7(1)
5 Organochlorine pesticides (OCP)
7(2)
6 Organophosphate pesticides (OPP)
9(1)
7 Carbamate pesticides
10(2)
8 Pyrethroid pesticides
12(2)
9 Classification based on mode of entry
14(1)
9.1 Systematic pesticides
14(1)
9.2 Contact pesticides
14(1)
9.3 Fumigants
14(1)
9.4 Stomach poisons and toxicants
15(1)
9.5 Repellents
15(1)
10 Classification based on target pest
15(1)
11 Based on pesticide toxicity
15(2)
12 Pesticide contamination, implications, and environmental impacts
17(1)
13 Summary
18(5)
References
19(4)
Chapter 2 Ecological impacts of pesticides on soil and water ecosystems and its natural degradation process
23(28)
Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
Sabariswaran Kandasamy
Zhixia He
Suresh Kumarasamy
1 Introduction
23(2)
2 Persistence and circulation of pesticides in the ecosystem
25(1)
3 Bioaccumulation of chemical pesticides in the food cycle
26(1)
4 Pesticides and their mode of action
26(19)
4.1 Action on nerve and muscle
26(1)
4.2 Target on growth inhibition
27(1)
4.3 Target on the energy source
27(1)
4.4 Bioprocessing of pesticides in animals
27(1)
4.5 Pesticide impacts on soil ecosystem
28(1)
4.6 Pesticide impacts on water ecosystem
29(3)
4.7 Impacts of pesticides on human health
32(1)
4.8 Familiar pesticides and their health effects
33(2)
4.9 Natural degradation process
35(1)
4.10 Detoxification of pesticides by bacteria
35(6)
4.11 Enzymes involved in biodegradation of pesticides
41(2)
4.12 Phases of metabolism involved in degradation and detoxification of toxic metabolite
43(2)
5 Conclusion
45(6)
Acknowledgments
45(1)
References
46(5)
Chapter 3 Fate and assessment of pesticide in aquatic ecosystem
51(14)
Yong Chen
Steplinpaulselvin Selvinsimpson
1 Introduction
51(2)
2 Sources, forms, and occurrence of pesticides in the ecosystem
53(2)
3 Environmental fate of pesticides
55(3)
4 Factors that influence the assessment of aquatic pesticide pollution
58(2)
5 Future recommendations
60(1)
6 Conclusion
60(5)
References
61(4)
Chapter 4 Fate and adverse effects of pesticides in the environment
65(56)
Roberto Rico-Martinez
Jesus Alvarado-Flores
Ignacio Alejandro Perez-Legaspi
Carlos Vicente Garza-Leon
Olga Lidia Rivera-Ddvila
Gustavo Emilio Santos-Medrano
Daniel Robles-Vargas
Ana Laura Carbajal-Herndndez
1 Introduction
65(1)
2 Mechanisms involved in the determination of the initial fate of a pesticide in the environment
66(1)
3 Transport of pesticides in the environment
67(5)
3.1 Transport in the atmosphere
67(1)
3.2 Soil transport
68(3)
3.3 Transport of pesticides to water reservoirs
71(1)
4 Use of pesticides worldwide
72(2)
4.1 Countries that have banned the application of any of the pesticides analyzed
73(1)
5 Impact of pesticide on the soil microbiology
74(9)
5.1 Pesticides in the soil: Application rates and legislation
74(1)
5.2 The microbiological diversity of the soil and pesticides
75(1)
5.3 Consequences of pesticide contamination in the soil
76(1)
5.4 Interaction pesticides-Microorganisms: Bioremediation and biodegradation
77(2)
5.5 Adverse effects of pesticides on microorganisms present in the soil
79(1)
5.6 Other effects
80(3)
6 Pesticides and the response of plants
83(6)
6.1 Plants and pests: Pests as pesticides?
84(3)
6.2 Allelopathy
87(1)
6.3 Herbivore-induced plant volatiles
87(2)
7 Pesticides toxicity on nontarget terrestrial organisms
89(7)
7.1 Pollinators
89(1)
7.2 Bees
89(1)
7.3 Wasps
90(1)
7.4 Parasitoids
90(1)
7.5 Ants
91(1)
7.6 Butterflies
91(1)
7.7 Beetles
92(1)
7.8 Arthropod predators
93(1)
7.9 Silkworms
93(1)
7.10 Earthworms
94(1)
7.11 Moths
94(1)
7.12 Birds
95(1)
7.13 Mammals in general
95(1)
8 Pesticides impact on aquatic ecosystems
96(9)
8.1 Atrazine
96(1)
8.2 Butachlor
96(3)
8.3 Carbaryl
99(1)
8.4 Carbofuran
99(1)
8.5 Cypermethrin
100(1)
8.6 Chlorpyrifos
100(1)
8.7 Dimethoate
101(1)
8.8 Fipronil
101(1)
8.9 Glyphosate
102(1)
8.10 Malathion
102(3)
9 Perspectives and future research
105(16)
References
106(15)
Chapter 5 Towards understanding the impact of pesticides on freshwater ecosystem
121(18)
Sami Ullah Bhat
Zareena Akhter
Mir Rohi Neelofar
Umara Qayoom
1 Introduction
121(2)
2 Routes of aquatic pesticide pollution
123(1)
3 Impact of pesticide pollution on aquatic ecosystem
123(5)
4 Impact of pesticides on water quality
128(1)
5 Impact of pesticides on flora ofraquatic ecosystem
129(1)
6 Impact of pesticides on fauna of aquatic ecosystem
130(2)
7 Specific impacts of different categories of pesticides on aquatic fauna
132(1)
8 Response to the risks of use of pesticides
133(1)
9 Conclusion
134(5)
References
135(4)
Chapter 6 Persistence of pesticides and their impacts on human health and environment
139(24)
Priyanka Singh
Gurudatta Singh
Anubhuti Singh
Virendra Kumar Mishra
1 Introduction
139(2)
2 Classification of pesticide
141(2)
3 The fate of pesticides in the environment
143(7)
3.1 Pesticides in environment
143(3)
3.2 Pesticides in food
146(2)
3.3 Pesticides in water
148(2)
4 Pesticide affecting human health
150(4)
4.1 Assessment of general human health
150(1)
4.2 Women
151(2)
4.3 Children
153(1)
5 Conclusion
154(1)
6 Future prospective
155(8)
References
156(7)
Chapter 7 Health risk
163(36)
Erika Djangalina
Nazym Altynova
Natalya Mit
Leyla Djansugurova
1 Introduction
163(1)
2 Evaluation of the effect of pesticides on genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity in laboratory conditions
164(6)
3 Evaluation of pesticide genotoxicity using cytogenetic markers
170(5)
4 Impacts of pesticide residues on food safety
175(5)
5 Effects of pesticides on human health
180(3)
6 Pesticide exposure risk assessment
183(16)
6.1 Sparling: The regulatory framework for assessing risks to human health and environmental issues presented by shows
183(3)
6.2 Consumption rate
186(1)
6.3 Estimation of dietary exposure
186(1)
6.4 Risk characterization
187(2)
Acknowledgments
189(1)
References
189(10)
Chapter 8 Neurodevelopmental and reproductive impacts of pesticides on pregnant women
199(10)
Javid Manzoor
Junaid Ahmad Malik
Khursheed Ahmad Wani
1 Introduction
199(1)
2 Effect on health and reproductive life
200(1)
3 Neurodevelopmental effects of OP pesticides
201(1)
4 Concerns at both high and low OP exposures
202(2)
5 Summary
204(5)
References
204(5)
Chapter 9 Pesticides and human health: The noxious impact on maternal system and fetal development
209(18)
Ananya Shukla
Suramya Malhotra
Megha Kumar
Neha Singla
1 Introduction
209(1)
2 History of pesticides
210(1)
3 Toxicity of common pesticides
211(2)
3.1 Organophosphorous pesticides (OPs)
211(1)
3.2 Carbamates
211(1)
3.3 Organochlorines pesticides (OCs)
212(1)
3.4 Pyrethrins and pyrethroids
212(1)
4 Prevention of pesticide exposure
213(1)
5 Adverse effect on human health and fetal development
213(8)
5.1 Eyes
214(1)
5.2 Lungs
214(1)
5.3 Brain
215(1)
5.4 Digestive system
215(1)
5.5 Reproductive system
216(1)
5.6 Maternal health
217(1)
5.7 The placental barrier in pregnant women
217(1)
5.8 Fetal development
218(3)
6 Conclusion
221(1)
7 Future prospects
221(6)
Acknowledgments
221(1)
References
221(6)
Chapter 10 Cytogenetical bioindication of pesticidal contamination
227(34)
Oksana Cherednichenko
Anastassiya Pilyugina
Serikbai Nuraliev
1 Introduction
227(1)
2 Chromosomal disorders
228(9)
2.1 People
229(3)
2.2 Agricultural animals
232(3)
2.3 Laboratory animals
235(2)
3 Micronuclear analysis
237(10)
3.1 Micronuclear analysis and cytological disorders in nuclear erythrocytes of animals
239(5)
3.2 Micronuclear analysis and cytological disturbances in the erythrocytes of peripheral blood of mammals and human
244(3)
4 Plant test systems
247(4)
5 Comet-test?
251(2)
6 Problems and prospects of cytogenetic bioindication
253(8)
References
255(6)
Chapter 11 Modulation of soil microbiome and related alterations in response to pesticides
261(24)
Edappayil Janeeshma
P.P. Sameena
Nair C. Sarath
Mathew Veena
Jos T. Puthur
1 Introduction
261(1)
2 Impact of pesticides on soil microbial biome
262(6)
2.1 Impact of pesticides on bacterial diversity
262(1)
2.2 Impact of pesticides on mycorrhizae
263(1)
2.3 Impact of pesticides on microalgae
264(4)
3 Pesticides and associated alterations on the metabolism of microbes
268(8)
3.1 Effect on biodegradation and mineralization
268(1)
3.2 Effect on phosphorus solubilization
269(5)
3.3 Reverberation of pesticides on nitrogen fixation
274(2)
4 Future area of research
276(1)
5 Conclusion
276(9)
Acknowledgments
276(1)
References
277(8)
Chapter 12 Botanical pesticides as alternatives for more sustainable crops and healthy foods
285(32)
Jean Carlos Cardoso
Camila Rodrigues Carmello
1 Introduction
285(6)
1.1 Pesticides in agriculture and the consequences of their use
287(4)
2 Botanical pesticides in agriculture
291(8)
2.1 Plant-based products used against insects and mites
291(4)
2.2 Anti-fungal effects of botanical pesticides
295(3)
2.3 Some remarks on the herbicide effect of plant extracts
298(1)
3 Challenges in the use of plant-based pesticides
299(2)
4 Future recommendations
301(7)
5 Conclusions
308(9)
Acknowledgments
309(1)
References
309(8)
Chapter 13 The potential use of essential oils as natural biocides against plant pathogens
317(12)
Mariam Nasser Aljaafari
Polly Soo Xi Yap
Rabiha Seboussi
Kok Song Lai
Swee Hua Erin Lim
1 Introduction
317(3)
1.1 Common diseases in crops
318(2)
2 Biological activities of EOs
320(3)
2.1 EOs with biocidal activities
320(2)
2.2 EOs with antibacterial activities
322(1)
3 Challenges
323(2)
3.1 Non-selective action of EO
323(1)
3.2 EOs effects on non-target soil microorganisms
324(1)
4 Future directions
325(1)
5 Conclusion
325(4)
References
326(3)
Chapter 14 Sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to reduce the use of pesticides
329(36)
Alex Vlaiculescu
Cristiano Varrone
1 Introduction
329(1)
2 Advantages and disadvantages of conventional pesticides
330(2)
3 Mobility of pesticides in different environments
332(2)
4 Pesticide degradation and the risk of degradation products
334(4)
5 Plant growth-promoting bacteria
338(5)
5.1 Applications of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
339(4)
6 Plant pathogens
343(3)
7 Pesticide resistance
346(3)
7.1 Changes in pesticide binding sites
347(1)
7.2 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
347(1)
7.3 GABA receptors and other ligand-gated chlorine channels
347(1)
7.4 Voltage-dependent sodium channels
347(1)
7.5 Insecticidal microbial toxins
348(1)
7.6 Biotransformation
348(1)
7.7 Acetylcholinesterase
348(1)
7.8 Esterases
348(1)
8 Alternatives to conventional pesticide use
349(9)
8.1 Cultural control
349(1)
8.2 Physical and mechanical control
350(1)
8.3 Biological approach and biopesticides
351(5)
8.4 Integrated pest management
356(2)
9 A new approach for a dual function: Pesticide degradation coupled with biological control
358(7)
9.1 Pure cultures
358(1)
9.2 Design of defined mixed consortia for joint pesticide degradation and biocontrol and future perspectives
359(1)
References
360(5)
Chapter 15 Strategies for sustainable and ecofriendly pest management in Agroecosystem
365(18)
Nalini Singh Chauhan
Abhay Punia
1 Introduction: The imminent challenge to human health and ecosystem by chemical agriculture
365(1)
2 Biopesticides-The future of pest control
366(11)
2.1 Microbial pesticides
368(5)
2.2 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
373(1)
2.3 Biochemical pesticides
373(2)
2.4 Vermicompost
375(1)
2.5 Plant extract and essential oil-based pesticides
376(1)
2.6 Neem oil as a pest control agent
377(1)
3 Conclusion
377(6)
References
378(5)
Chapter 16 Pesticides removal from aqueous streams through anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes
383(36)
Ndthaly Lacerda Tonon e Rocha
Paula Resende Vieira
Jodo Pedro Neves Coldenstein
Erimar Pontes Santiago
Jodo Paulo Bassin
1 Introduction
384(1)
2 Pesticides
385(4)
3 Biological wastewater treatment
389(15)
3.1 Activated sludge
393(2)
3.2 Membrane bioreactors (MBR)
395(2)
3.3 Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)
397(1)
3.4 Biological activated carbon (BAC)
398(1)
3.5 Wetlands
399(4)
3.6 Trickling filters
403(1)
4 Pesticides removal from liquid streams through anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes
404(10)
4.1 Biological degradation of pesticides
404(4)
4.2 Pesticide removal by aerobic and anaerobic biological processes
408(6)
5 Final considerations
414(5)
References
414(5)
Chapter 17 The potential use of essential oils as natural biocides against plant pathogens
419(18)
Ahmad Reza Bagheri
Muhammad Zubair
Vineet Kumar
Pankaj Bhatt
Arpita Roy
Suresh Chotekar
Muhammad Bilal
1 Introduction
419(4)
2 Pesticide exposure and toxicity consequences
423(1)
3 Removal of pesticides by MOFs
424(3)
3.1 MOFs-assisted adsorption of pesticides
424(2)
3.2 MOFs-assisted degradation of pesticides
426(1)
4 Mechanistic insight into MOFs and target molecules
427(1)
5 Conclusion, current challenges, and future perspectives
427(10)
Acknowledgment
429(1)
Conflict of interest
429(1)
References
429(8)
Chapter 18 Removal pesticides by advanced techniques based on nanomaterials
437(46)
Manviri Rani
Meenu
Sudha Choudhary
Uma Shanker
1 Introduction
437(3)
2 Classification of pesticides
440(2)
2.1 Type A: Based on mode of action, pesticides may be categorized into following groups
440(1)
2.2 Type B: Based on chemical structures and compositions, pesticides may be categorized into the following groups
441(1)
3 Environmental concerns of pesticides
442(9)
4 Photocatalysis
451(2)
5 Conservative adsorbents used for degradation of pesticides
453(1)
6 Deprivation methodologies for pesticides
454(7)
6.1 Chemical treatment techniques
454(4)
6.2 Physical treatment techniques
458(1)
6.3 Advanced treatment techniques base on nanomaterials
459(2)
7 Degradation methods for pesticides by nanomaterials
461(10)
7.1 OCs pesticides
461(6)
7.2 OPs pesticides treatment
467(1)
7.3 Degradation of carbamate pesticides
468(1)
7.4 Degradation of miscellaneous pesticides
469(1)
7.5 Degradation of pesticides via bio nanocomposite
469(2)
8 Utilization of green synthesized nanomaterials
471(1)
9 Conclusions and future scope
472(11)
Acknowledgments
473(1)
References
473(9)
Further reading
482(1)
Chapter 19 Pesticides removal techniques from the aquatic environment
483(34)
Mohamed A. Hassaan
Tarik Eldeeb
Ahmed El Nemr
1 Introduction
483(2)
1.1 Types of classification of pesticides
483(2)
1.2 Bio-pesticides
485(1)
2 Effect of pesticides on human mankind
485(3)
2.1 Risk of using pesticides
485(1)
2.2 Human health
485(3)
3 Removal technologies
488(17)
3.1 Pesticide removal techniques
489(1)
3.2 Aquatic plants remove agrochemicals
489(1)
3.3 Nanotechnology in pesticides removal
490(3)
3.4 Metabolic mechanism of pesticide
493(2)
3.5 Microalgae-enhanced pesticide removal processes
495(1)
3.6 Techniques for chemical treatment
496(1)
3.7 Advanced oxidation processes
497(5)
3.8 Adsorption
502(1)
3.9 Treatment methods based on biology
503(1)
3.10 Activated sludge under pressure
503(1)
3.11 Membrane bioreactor (MBR)
504(1)
3.12 Physical treatment techniques
504(1)
3.13 Hybrid technologies
505(1)
4 Wastewater treatment system decentralization
505(1)
5 Pesticide remediation methods based on nanotechnology
506(4)
5.1 Zinc oxide (ZnO) as photocatalyst
507(2)
5.2 Photocatalysis
509(1)
6 Conclusions
510(7)
References
511(6)
Chapter 20 Perspective of sustainable and intensified developments in treatment of pesticides from aqueous streams
517(46)
Kailas L. Wasewar
1 Introduction
517(1)
2 Pesticides
518(2)
3 Sustainability
520(1)
4 Process intensification
521(12)
4.1 Origin
521(3)
4.2 History
524(1)
4.3 Concepts
524(1)
4.4 Taxonomy
525(5)
4.5 Sustainability and process intensification
530(1)
4.6 Applications
531(2)
5 Treatment approaches
533(16)
5.1 Low-level pesticides waste water treatment approaches
533(4)
5.2 Thermal approaches
537(1)
5.3 Physical approaches
538(2)
5.4 Biological approaches
540(4)
5.5 Chemical approaches
544(2)
5.6 Physicochemical remediation
546(3)
6 Discussion
549(1)
7 Conclusion and perspective
550(13)
References
554(9)
Chapter 21 Biomonitoring and biomarkers of pesticide exposure and human health risk assessment
563(16)
V. Dhananjayan
P. Jayanthi
B. Ravichandran
R. Jayakumar
1 Introduction
563(2)
2 Biomarkers
565(7)
2.1 Mechanisms of biomarker action
567(1)
2.2 Bioindicators
567(1)
2.3 Enzymes
568(2)
2.4 Cytogenetic markers
570(1)
2.5 Metabolic processes
571(1)
2.6 Behavioral changes
571(1)
3 Functional disorders
572(5)
3.1 Biomonitoring
572(2)
3.2 Biomonitoring tools
574(3)
4 Data interpretation in biomonitoring studies
577(1)
5 Significance of biomonitoring studies
578(1)
6 Future perspectives
578(1)
7 Conclusion
579(1)
References 579(6)
Index 585
Dr Pardeep Singh is presently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, India. He obtained his master's degree from the Department of Environmental Science at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi India in 2011. He obtained his doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi in the year 2017. The area of his doctoral research is the degradation of organic pollutants through various indigenous isolated microbes and by using various types of photocatalytic. He has published more than 35 papers in international journals in the field of waste management.

Dr. Suruchi Singh is presently working as Faculty in the Department of Botany, Sunbeam College for Women, India. She obtained her PhD from Banaras Hindu University, India in Botany with Environmental Science as major field. Dr Singh received her postdoctoral experiences in Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Department of Science and Technology. She has published articles in various international journals and books series (>40 peer reviewed articles). In her research, she has identified processes and activities where environmental efficiencies of selected crop plants must be increased against UV-B and tropospheric Ozone. Mika Sillanpääs research work centers on chemical treatment in environmental engineering and environmental monitoring and analysis. The recent research focus has been on the resource recovery from waste streams.

Sillanpää received his M.Sc. (Eng.) and D.Sc. (Eng.) degrees from the Aalto University where he also completed an MBA degree in 2013. Since 2000, he has been a full professor/adjunct professor at the University of Oulu, the University of Eastern Finland, the LUT University, the University of Eastern Finland and the University of Johannesburg.
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