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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Non-clinical Development |
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2 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Toxicology/Product Safety |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Formulation Development |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Pre-marketing Clinical Development |
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4 | (6) |
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1.3.1 Phase I Clinical Trials |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Phase II Clinical Trials |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Phase IB Clinical Trials |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Clinical Development for Products Treating Life-Threatening Diseases |
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8 | (2) |
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1.3.5 New Drug Application/Biologies License Application |
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10 | (1) |
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1.4 Clinical Development Plan |
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10 | (2) |
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1.5 Patient-Centered Outcomes |
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12 | (3) |
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1.5.1 Clinical Outcome Assessments |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes |
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13 | (2) |
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1.6 Post-marketing Clinical Development |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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1.8 Importance of Phase II Clinical Development |
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19 | (3) |
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1.9 Highlight of Each Chapter of This Book |
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22 | (5) |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (28) |
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27 | (3) |
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2.2 Alpha Type I Error Rate |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (3) |
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2.4 Patient Analysis Sets |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (10) |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (4) |
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2.5.3 Other Types of Multiplicity |
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44 | (2) |
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2.6 P-Value and Statistical Significance |
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46 | (3) |
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2.7 Stages of a Clinical Trial |
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49 | (2) |
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2.8 Subject Selection and Choice of Alpha at Phase II |
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51 | (4) |
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53 | (2) |
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3 Confirmation and Exploration |
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55 | (20) |
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55 | (1) |
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3.2 A Motivational Example |
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56 | (1) |
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3.3 Clinical Development Plan (CDP) |
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57 | (2) |
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3.4 Clinical Study Design and Sample Size Calculations |
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59 | (1) |
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3.5 Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) |
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60 | (1) |
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3.6 Application Example---Another Three Group Phase III Design |
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61 | (1) |
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3.7 Application Example---Dose Selection |
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62 | (2) |
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3.8 Proof of Concept and Dose Ranging |
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64 | (2) |
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3.9 Treatment-by-Factor Interaction |
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66 | (5) |
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3.10 Evaluation of Product Safety |
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71 | (1) |
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3.11 Every Clinical Trial Can Be Considered as Both Confirmatory and Exploratory |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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4 Design a Proof of Concept Trial |
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75 | (18) |
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75 | (2) |
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4.2 Proof of Concept Trials |
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77 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Impact of PoC Decisions |
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77 | (2) |
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4.2.2 How to Communicate Risks Associated with a PoC Study |
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79 | (1) |
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4.3 The Primary Endpoint in a PoC Design |
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80 | (1) |
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4.4 MTD Could Be Under Estimated or Over Estimated |
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81 | (2) |
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4.5 Monotonicity Assumption |
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83 | (4) |
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83 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Strong or Weak Application of the Monotonicity Assumption |
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84 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Why This Assumption Is Still Useful |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (2) |
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4.7 Choice of Alpha and Beta |
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89 | (1) |
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4.8 Sample Size Considerations |
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90 | (3) |
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91 | (2) |
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5 Design of Dose-Ranging Trials |
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93 | (24) |
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93 | (2) |
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5.2 Finding Minimum Effective Dose (MinED) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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5.4 How Wide a Range of Doses to Study? |
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97 | (3) |
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5.4.1 Definition of Dose Range in a Given Study |
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99 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Binary Dose Spacing |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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5.6 Parallel Controlled Fixed Dose Designs |
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102 | (2) |
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5.7 Number of Doses and Control Groups |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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5.9 Sample Size Considerations |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (4) |
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113 | (4) |
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115 | (2) |
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6 Combining Proof of Concept and Dose-Ranging Trials |
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117 | (14) |
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117 | (1) |
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6.2 Considerations in Designing Combined PoC and Dose Ranging Studies |
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118 | (1) |
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6.3 Concerns of Using a Dose-Response Model |
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119 | (2) |
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6.4 Sample Size Allocation |
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121 | (5) |
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6.4.1 Comparison of Power |
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123 | (3) |
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6.5 Estimation of Dose-Response Relationship |
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126 | (2) |
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6.6 Risk of Inconclusiveness |
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128 | (3) |
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129 | (2) |
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7 Risks of Inconclusiveness |
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131 | (14) |
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131 | (1) |
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7.2 Go/NoGo Decision in a Two-Group PoC Study |
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132 | (5) |
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7.2.1 The Decision Process |
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136 | (1) |
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7.2.2 The Concept of Another Delta |
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136 | (1) |
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7.3 Go/NoGo Decision with Multiple Treatment Groups |
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137 | (2) |
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7.4 Dose Titration Studies Cannot Be Used for Dose-Finding |
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139 | (1) |
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7.5 A Practical Design to Help Finding MinED |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (3) |
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143 | (2) |
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8 Analysis of a Proof of Concept Study |
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145 | (10) |
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145 | (1) |
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8.2 When the Primary Endpoint Is a Continuous Variable |
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146 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Data Description and Hypothesis |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Analysis of Covariance Approach |
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148 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Mixed-Effect Models to Analyze the Longitudinal Data |
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149 | (2) |
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8.3 When the Primary Endpoint Is a Binary Variable |
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151 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Data Description and Hypothesis |
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151 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Method |
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151 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Logistic Regression |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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9 Data Analysis for Dose-Ranging Trials with Continuous Outcome |
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155 | (28) |
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155 | (2) |
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9.2 Data and Preliminary Analysis |
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157 | (1) |
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9.3 Establishing PoC with a Trend Test |
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158 | (2) |
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9.4 Multiple Comparison Procedure (MCP) Approach |
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160 | (7) |
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9.4.1 Fisher's Protected LSD (Fixed Sequence Test) |
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161 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Bonferroni Correction |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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9.4.4 Holm's Step-Down Procedure |
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164 | (1) |
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9.4.5 Hochberg Step-Up Procedure |
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165 | (1) |
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9.4.6 Gate-Keeping Procedure |
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166 | (1) |
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9.5 Modeling Approach (Mod) |
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167 | (6) |
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9.5.1 Dose-Response Models |
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167 | (2) |
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9.5.2 R Step-by-Step Implementations |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (7) |
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173 | (2) |
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9.6.2 Step-by-Step Implementations in R Package "MCPMod" |
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175 | (5) |
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180 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
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10 Data Analysis of Dose-Ranging Trials for Binary Outcomes |
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183 | (22) |
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183 | (1) |
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10.2 Data and Preliminary Analysis |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (6) |
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187 | (2) |
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10.3.2 Cochran-Armitage Test for Trend |
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189 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Logistic Regression with Dose as Continuous Variable |
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190 | (2) |
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10.3.4 Logistic Regression with Dose as Categorical Variable |
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192 | (1) |
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10.4 Multiple Comparisons |
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193 | (10) |
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193 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Bonferroni Adjustment |
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194 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Bonferroni-Holm Procedure |
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195 | (2) |
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10.4.4 Hochberg Procedure |
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197 | (1) |
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10.4.5 Gatekeeping Procedure |
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198 | (1) |
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10.4.6 MCP Using p-Values from Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test |
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199 | (4) |
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203 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (20) |
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205 | (3) |
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11.1.1 An Example on Bayesian Concept |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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11.1.4 Bayesian Hypothesis Testing Framework |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (4) |
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11.2.1 Example Continued for Bayesian Updating |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (2) |
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11.4 Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Method |
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214 | (2) |
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11.5 Bayesian Methods for Phase II Clinical Trials |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (8) |
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11.6.1 Using Non-informative Priors |
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218 | (2) |
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11.6.2 Using Informative Priors |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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12 Overview of Phase III Clinical Trials |
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225 | |
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225 | (1) |
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12.2 Scope of Phase IH Plans |
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225 | (1) |
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12.3 Drug Label and Target Product Profile |
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226 | (1) |
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12.4 Phase III Non-inferiority Trial Designs |
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227 | (1) |
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12.5 Dose and Regimen Selection, Drug Formulation and Patient Populations |
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228 | (3) |
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12.5.1 Dose and Regimen Selection |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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12.5.3 Patient Populations |
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231 | (1) |
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12.6 Number of Phase III Trials for a Labeling Claim |
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231 | (1) |
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12.7 Number of Primary Efficacy Endpoints |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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12.9 Phase III Clinical Outcome Assessments |
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234 | (3) |
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12.10 Multi-regional Phase III Clinical Trial Issues |
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237 | (1) |
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12.11 The Trend Towards Personalized or Precision Medicines |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | |
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239 | |