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Philosophy, 2e: Asking Questions, Seeking Answers 2nd Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

(, Simon Fraser University), (, Rutgers University)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 456 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 201x132x25 mm, weight: 499 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Oct-2024
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197768016
  • ISBN-13: 9780197768013
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 456 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 201x132x25 mm, weight: 499 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Oct-2024
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0197768016
  • ISBN-13: 9780197768013
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
An exceptionally clear, compact, and affordable guide to the fundamental questions-and answers-of Philosophy.

Featuring a remarkably clear writing style, Philosophy: Asking Questions--Seeking Answers is a brief and accessible guide designed for students with no prior knowledge of the subject. Written by renowned scholars Stephen Stich and Tom Donaldson, it focuses on the key issues in Western philosophy, presenting balanced coverage of each issue and challenging students to make up their own minds. Each chapter incorporates discussion questions, key terms, a glossary, and suggestions for further readings to help make the material more understandable to novices. While comprehensive enough to be used on its own, Philosophy can also be used as a supplement to any introductory anthology.

Recenzijos

This is a superb book - far and away the best general introduction to analytic philosophy on the market today. The selection of topics is perfect for a first course in philosophy, the depth of coverage is just right, and the writing is lively and crystal clear. Stich and Donaldson have really hit it out of the park." - Philip Robbins, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Missouri Stich and Donaldson's Philosophy is an excellent book; it is the best introduction to philosophy I know of, as clear as Nagel's What Does it All Mean? and Blackburn's Think while also offering more coverage and depth. Among its many strengths are its perspicuous reconstructions of famous philosophical arguments, sensitivity to how arguments have changed over time in response to philosophical criticism, and its supplementary resources, including detailed PowerPoints, excellent discussion/reading comprehension questions, and end-of-chapter glossaries." - David Svolba, Associate Professor, Fitchburg State University I love this book: it is extremely clear, full of examples from philosophical papers as well as from everyday life, so that the students can easier connect with difficult and abstract material. The topics are not watered down and oversimplified, so they are accessible to both the beginner and the advanced student." - Valia Allori, Associate Professor, Philosophy Northern Illinois University The overall quality of this book is excellent. I think a particular strength is the logic/arguments chapter. It is vital for undergraduate students to have exposure to logic and basic argument reconstruction and evaluation skills...Problems and answers for practice are helpful to students- the ancillary resources are very much appreciated by both students and professors." Strengths: 1. Very clear, easy to read and understand prose. This is important for all students, but especially for students new to philosophy. 2. Discussion questions. Some are very good. 3. Clear glossary at the end of each chapter. 4. Good coverage. Instructors can be confident for a "problems of philosophy class" that everything is covered. 5. Flexible structure. Instructors can selectively choose what material to cover. 6. Degree of difficulty. The text does not overdo the philosophy, which would make it hard for many students to read. This leaves room for the instructor to add more difficult material, arguments, concepts, etc." -Peter Graham, Professor of Philosophy, University of California Riverside and Yonsei University The book is very high quality, in my view. The tone and level of content hits the right note for undergraduates, and it is very clear. Its strengths lie in the fact that the authors have managed to provide reasonably in-depth guidance on philosophical topics, but keeping each section fairly short and manageable. The book is nice and short, and is the right price for my students. It focuses on the core philosophical topics, leaving it free for the instructor to develop further issues, and to choose primary texts." - Sally Parker-Ryan, Adjunct Professor, Southern Methodist University It's very good. Accessible to my students and their abilities, and very similar to how I teach an introduction to philosophy class. The chapters on epistemology (5 to 8) are by far the best: clear, careful, and methodical. The chapters on the philosophy of religion (3-4) seemed very good as well, though I did not use them this time (I cover this material less and less, nothing to do with the book). I quite liked the reading/writing tips at the end. And appendix B is a very good idea * my department has a brochure I use in class covering similar material. Some weaknesses include: the chapter on logic (2) is a bit thin: no explanation of logical connectives (truth-tables), no discussion of the most basic forms of inference. Perhaps a more advanced chapter could be added." - Philippe Chuard, Associate Professor, Southern Methodist University * The quality of the book is uneven. Some chapters are excellent, some could be updated, and some are poorly informed in diverse philosophical approaches. Overall, the book is not broadly "Philosophy" but focused on issues and approaches in modern philosophy from an analytic philosophy perspective...The quality of their presentation of material is excellent and appropriate for a topic-based approach. The clear, nicely conversational approach to debates and prompting of students to decide for themselves are likely extremely effective for helping students build critical thinking skills as well as engaging their interest." -Patricia Glazebrook, Professor, Washington State University I would rate the readability of the book as very high. Unfortunately, I think the book tries too hard to engage the reader at the expense of content. I think the book is often (over) simplified and takes matters too lightly when it should take them more seriously (e.g. the existence of God) and too seriously when more levity is needed (e.g. sections on Descartes' "thought experiments"). There are times when the text could better place ideas in context to show that philosophical ideas do not exist in a vacuum, but are a result of historical and cultural influences." - Adam D Pave, San Bernardino Valley College

Preface

CHAPTER 1 What Is Philosophy?
1.1 Philosophy Is Everywhere
1.2 What Is a Philosophical Question?
1.3 The Philosophical Method
1.4 Philosophy and Science
1.5 Why Bother?
Discussion Question
Notes

CHAPTER 2 What Are Arguments, and How Should We Evaluate Them?
Introduction
2.1 Premises and Conclusions
2.2 Evaluating Arguments
2.3 Deductive Validity
2.4 Induction and Abduction
2.5 Multistep Arguments
2.6 Evaluating Multistep Arguments
2.7 Some Arguments to Evaluate
2.8 Answers to Problems
What to Look at Next
Glossary
Notes

CHAPTER 3 Does God Exist?
Introduction
3.1 The First Cause Argument
3.2 Some Questions about the First Cause Argument
3.3 Leibniz's Cosmological Argument
3.4 The Design Argument
3.5 Criticisms of the Design Argument
3.6 Anselm's Ontological Argument
3.7 What, If Anything, Is Wrong with Anselm's Ontological Argument?
3.8 A Pragmatic Case for Theism?
Conclusion
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 4 Why Does God Leave Us to Suffer?
Introduction
4.1 Three Logical Puzzles for Theists
4.2 Introducing the Problem of Evil
4.3 Three Inadequate Responses
4.4 Rethinking the Nature of God
4.5 Theodicy
4.6 Skeptical Theism
Conclusion
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 5 Can We Be Completely Certain of Anything?
Introduction
5.1 Descartes's Project
5.2 Certainty Is Hard to Find
5.3 Achieving Certainty
5.4 Clear and Distinct Perception
5.5 Descartes's Theism, and His Solution to the Evil Demon Problem
5.6 The Cartesian Circle
5.7 Descartes's Legacy
Conclusion
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 6 Can We Trust Our Senses?
6.1 Rationalism and Empiricism
6.2 Indirect Realism
6.3 Primary and Secondary Qualities
6.4 Do Material Objects Really Exist?
6.5 Berkeley's Idealism
6.6 Direct Realism
Conclusion
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 7 Will the Sun Rise Tomorrow?
Introduction
7.1 Making Predictions
7.2 Hume's Problem
7.3 Karl Popper
7.4 Peter Strawson
7.5 Epistemically Basic Beliefs
7.6 Beyond Enumerative Induction
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 8 What Is Knowledge?
Introduction
8.1 Three Kinds of Knowledge
8.2 Analyzing Propositional Knowledge: The Easy Part-Belief and Truth
8.3 Analyzing Propositional Knowledge: The Hard Part-Justification
8.4 Foundationalism
8.5 Coherentism
8.6 Internalism and Externalism
8.7 Fallibilism and Skepticism
8.8 Gettier Cases-A Challenge to the Justified True Belief Account of Knowledge
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 9 Do We Have Free Will?
9.1 What Is Determinism?
9.2 Incompatibilism
9.3 Compatibilism
9.4 Libertarianism
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 10 Race
Introduction
10.1 Racialism
10.2 Non-Racialist Meanings of 'Race'
Summary
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 11 How Is Your Mind Related to Your Body?
Introduction
11.1 Cartesian Dualism
11.2 Philosophical Behaviorism
11.3 The Mind-Brain Identity Theory
11.4 Functionalism
11.5 Physicalism, Zombies and a Revival of Dualism
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 12 Will You Be the Same Person in Ten Years? Could You Survive Death?
12.1 The Philosophical Issue and Its Practical Importance
12.2 The Soul Theory
12.3 Problems for Soul Theory
12.4 Memory Theories
12.5 Personal Identity and the Brain
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 13 Are There Objective Truths about Right and Wrong?
Introduction
13.1 Objective Truth
13.2 The Divine Command Theory
13.3 Cultural Relativism
13.4 Subjectivism and Expressivism
13.5 The Qualified Attitude Theory
Conclusion
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 14 What Really Matters?
Introduction
14.1 Hedonism
14.2 Sartre
14.3 Susan Wolf on Meaningfulness
Conclusion
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 15 What Should We Do? (Part I)
15.1 Act Consequentialism and Act Utilitarianism
15.2 Objections to Act Utilitarianism
15.3 Rule Consequentialism and Rule Utilitarianism
15.4 Kant's Universalization Test
15.5 Kant's Humanity Formula
15.6 Comparing Kantianism and Consequentialism
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 16 What Should We Do? (Part II)
Introduction
16.1 Is It Morally Wrong to Go to the Opera While People Are Starving?
16.2 Vegetarianism
16.3 Is Abortion Morally Wrong?
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next
Notes

CHAPTER 17 Why Democracy?
17.1 What is Democracy?
17.2 The Basic Argument Against Democracy
17.3 A Modest Defence of Democracy
17.4 Are Democratic Countries Well Run?
17.5 Non-Instrumental Defenses of Democracy
Conclusion
Glossary
Comprehension Questions
Discussion Questions
What to Look at Next

Appendix: A General Knowledge Quiz
Appendix A: Reading and Writing Tips
Seven Tips on Reading Philosophy
Eighteen Tips for Writing Philosophy Papers
Appendix B: The Truth about Philosophy Majors
Careers
Salaries
Meaning
Resources
Notes

Glossary
Credits
Index
Stephen Stich is Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University and an Honorary Professor at the University of Sheffield. He is known for his contributions to philosophy of mind. He is the author of Mindreading (OUP, 2003), Deconstructing the Mind (OUP, 1996), The Fragmentation of Reason (MIT Press, 1990), From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science (MIT Press, 1983), and many others.

Thomas Donaldson is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Simon Fraser University. He holds a PhD in Philosophy from Rutgers University and wrote his dissertation on American Pragmatism. While receiving his MMathPhil (1st class) in Mathematics and Philosophy at Oxford University, he was awarded the Henry Wilde Prize, Elizabeth Anscombe Prize, and the Gibbs Prize. His areas of expertise are Philosophy of Logic and Language, Metaphysics, and American Pragmatism.