| Preface |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 What Is Philosophy? |
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1 | (6) |
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1 Philosophy Is Everywhere |
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1 | (1) |
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2 What Is a Philosophical Question? |
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2 | (2) |
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3 The Philosophical Method |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 What Are Arguments, and How Should We Evaluate Them? |
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7 | (22) |
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7 | (1) |
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2 Premises and Conclusions |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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5 Induction and Abduction |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (2) |
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7 Evaluating Multistep Arguments |
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18 | (3) |
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8 Some Arguments to Evaluate |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (6) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Does God Exist? |
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29 | (30) |
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29 | (2) |
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2 The First Cause Argument |
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31 | (4) |
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3 Some Questions about the First Cause Argument |
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35 | (1) |
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4 Leibniz's Cosmological Argument |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (3) |
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6 Criticisms of the Design Argument |
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41 | (5) |
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7 Anselm's Ontological Argument |
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46 | (3) |
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8 What, If Anything, Is Wrong with Anselm's Ontological Argument? |
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49 | (1) |
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9 A Pragmatic Case for Theism? |
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50 | (3) |
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53 | (6) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Why Does God Leave Us to Suffer? |
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59 | (18) |
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59 | (1) |
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2 Three Logical Puzzles for Theists |
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60 | (2) |
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3 Introducing the Problem of Evil |
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62 | (2) |
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4 Three Inadequate Responses |
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64 | (2) |
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5 Rethinking the Nature of God |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (6) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Can We Be Completely Certain of Anything? |
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77 | (20) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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3 Certainty Is Hard to Find |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (2) |
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5 Vivid and Clear Perception |
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85 | (1) |
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6 Descartes's Theism, and His Solution to the Evil Demon Problem |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (6) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Can We Trust Our Senses? |
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97 | (24) |
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1 Rationalism and Empiricism |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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3 Primary and Secondary Qualities |
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101 | (4) |
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4 Do Material Objects Really Exist? |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (6) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (8) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Will the Sun Rise Tomorrow? |
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121 | (20) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (3) |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (2) |
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6 Epistemically Basic Beliefs |
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132 | (2) |
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7 Beyond Enumerative Induction |
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134 | (7) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 What Is Knowledge? |
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141 | (20) |
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141 | (1) |
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2 Three Kinds of Knowledge |
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141 | (1) |
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3 Analyzing Propositional Knowledge: The Easy Part---Belief and Truth |
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142 | (1) |
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4 Analyzing Propositional Knowledge: The Hard Part---Justification |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (2) |
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7 Internalism and Externalism |
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150 | (2) |
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8 Fallibilism and Skepticism |
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152 | (2) |
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9 Gettier Cases---A Challenge to the Justified True Belief Account of Knowledge |
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154 | (7) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Do We Have Free Will? |
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161 | (18) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (4) |
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170 | (9) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 How Is Your Mind Related to Your Body? |
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179 | (34) |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (5) |
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3 Philosophical Behaviorism |
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187 | (6) |
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4 The Mind-Brain Identity Theory |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (6) |
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203 | (10) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Will You Be the Same Person in Ten Years? Could You Survive Death? |
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213 | (30) |
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1 The Philosophical Issue and Its Practical Importance |
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213 | (4) |
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217 | (2) |
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3 Problems for Soul Theory |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (12) |
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5 Personal Identity and the Brain |
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233 | (10) |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Are There Objective Truths about Right and Wrong? |
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243 | (24) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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3 The Divine Command Theory |
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246 | (3) |
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249 | (4) |
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5 Subjectivism and Expressivism |
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253 | (3) |
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6 The Qualified Attitude Theory |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (9) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (3) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Chapter 13 What Really Matters? |
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267 | (20) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (5) |
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4 Susan Wolf on Meaningfulness |
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276 | (4) |
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280 | (7) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 What Should We Do? (Part I) |
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287 | (22) |
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1 Act Consequentialism and Act Utilitarianism |
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287 | (5) |
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2 Objections to Act Utilitarianism |
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292 | (3) |
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3 Rule Consequentialism and Rule Utilitarianism |
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295 | (3) |
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4 Kant's Universalization Test |
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298 | (3) |
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5 Kant's Humanity Formula |
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301 | (2) |
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6 Comparing Kantianism and Consequentialism |
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303 | (6) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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Chapter 15 What Should We Do? (Part II) |
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309 | (25) |
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309 | (1) |
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2 Is It Morally Wrong to Go to the Opera While People Are Starving? |
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310 | (5) |
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315 | (4) |
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4 Is Abortion Morally Wrong? |
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319 | (15) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (2) |
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Appendix A Reading and Writing Tips |
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334 | (8) |
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Seven Tips on Reading Philosophy |
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334 | (2) |
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Eighteen Tips for Writing Philosophy Papers |
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336 | (6) |
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Appendix B The Truth about Philosophy Majors |
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342 | (8) |
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342 | (4) |
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346 | (2) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
| Glossary |
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350 | (17) |
| Credits |
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367 | (2) |
| Index |
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369 | |
