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Physics of Living Systems Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016 [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 620 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 9591 g, 173 Illustrations, color; 31 Illustrations, black and white; XXIV, 620 p. 204 illus., 173 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Serija: Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Apr-2018
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319808583
  • ISBN-13: 9783319808581
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Physics of Living Systems Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 620 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 9591 g, 173 Illustrations, color; 31 Illustrations, black and white; XXIV, 620 p. 204 illus., 173 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Serija: Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Apr-2018
  • Leidėjas: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319808583
  • ISBN-13: 9783319808581
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783319808581.html
In this book, physics in its many aspects (thermodynamics, mechanics, electricity, fluid dynamics) is the guiding light on a fascinating journey through biological systems, providing ideas, examples and stimulating reflections for undergraduate physics, chemistry and life-science students, as well as for anyone interested in the frontiers between physics and biology.

Rather than introducing a lot of new information, it encourages young students to use their recently acquired knowledge to start seeing the physics behind the biology. As an undergraduate textbook in introductory biophysics, it includes the necessary background and tools, including exercises and appendices, to form a progressive course. In this case, the chapters can be used in the order proposed, possibly split between two semesters.





The book is also an absorbing read for researchers in the life sciences who wish to refresh or go deeper into the physics concepts gleaned in their early years of scientific training. Less physics-oriented readers might want to skip the first chapter, as well as all the "gray boxes" containing the more formal developments, and create their own į-la-carte menu of chapters.

Recenzijos

Cleri does a masterful job of integrating the history of science with some of the most recent results, in order to give the reader a comprehensive view of where our field has been, and where it now stands. figures help to bring the material alive, and the detailed grey boxes provide important context. includes a number of challenging and subtle questions at the end of each chapter, guaranteed to make the student (and instructor) think deeply. (Sonya Bahar, Journal of Biological Physics, 2016)

1 Introduction
1(8)
2 Thermodynamics for Living Systems
9(52)
2.1 Macroscopic and Microscopic
9(5)
2.1.1 Isolated System
12(1)
2.1.2 Energy
13(1)
2.1.3 Heat
13(1)
2.2 Perfect Gas
14(3)
2.2.1 Counting Microstates
15(2)
2.3 Entropy and Disorder
17(3)
2.3.1 Irreversibility and Probability
19(1)
2.4 Closed Systems
20(5)
2.4.1 Temperature
22(1)
2.4.2 Caloric Definition of the Entropy
23(2)
2.5 Free Energy
25(2)
2.5.1 Exchanges of Energy at Constant Volume
26(1)
2.5.2 Exchanges of Energy at Constant Pressure
27(1)
2.6 Open Systems
27(3)
2.6.1 Entropy of a Mixture
29(1)
2.7 The Biosphere as a Thermal Engine
30(8)
2.7.1 A Synthesis of Photosynthesis
35(3)
2.8 Energy from the Sun
38(7)
2.8.1 The "Greenhouse" Effect
39(2)
2.8.2 The Temperature of the Earth's Surface
41(4)
Appendix A Some Useful Mathematical Tools
45(9)
Problems
54(4)
References
58(3)
3 Energy, Information, and The Origins of Life
61(52)
3.1 Thermodynamics, Statistics and the Microscopic
61(7)
3.1.1 A Probability Interlude
64(4)
3.2 Life and the Second Principle
68(4)
3.3 Impossibility of Spontaneous Aggregation
72(1)
3.4 Complexity and Information
73(7)
3.4.1 Free energy for the Synthesis of Biomolecules
78(2)
3.5 Against All Odds
80(3)
3.6 Modern Theories About the Origins of Life on Earth
83(30)
3.6.1 Not just a Bag of Molecules
86(1)
3.6.2 The RNA World
87(2)
3.6.3 Abiotic Hypotheses
89(1)
3.6.4 Between Quiet and Thunder
89(7)
3.6.5 And Still Thinking
96(1)
Appendix B From DNA to Proteins (and Back)
97(12)
Problems
109(1)
References
110(3)
4 Energy Production and Storage for Life
113(46)
4.1 From Food to ATP
113(2)
4.2 Storage of Energy in the Cell
115(2)
4.3 Energy-Converting Membranes
117(4)
4.4 Krebs' Cycle and the Production of ATP
121(7)
4.4.1 The Role of the Enzymes
124(4)
4.5 Electrons and Protons Flowing
128(6)
4.6 Energy Yield in the Cycle
134(2)
4.7 Temperature and Heat in the Animal Body
136(4)
4.7.1 Temperature Monitoring
138(2)
4.8 Heat from the Cells
140(9)
4.8.1 Fever and Hyperthermia
144(1)
4.8.2 Metabolic Rate and Thermogenesis
145(2)
4.8.3 Of Brown Fat, Alternative Respiration, and Thermogenic Plants
147(2)
Appendix C The Molecules of Life
149(6)
Problems
155(3)
References
158(1)
5 Entropic Forces in the Cell
159(46)
5.1 Thermodynamic Forces
159(2)
5.2 The Strange Case of Osmosis
161(6)
5.2.1 Microscopic Model
163(1)
5.2.2 Thermodynamic Model
164(1)
5.2.3 Osmolarity and the Healthy Cell
165(2)
5.3 Hydrophobicity, Depletion and Other Entropic Forces
167(7)
5.3.1 The Depletion Force Between Large Objects in Solution
169(3)
5.3.2 Steric Forces and Excluded Volume
172(2)
5.4 Diffusion Across a Membrane
174(8)
5.4.1 Permeability and the Partition Coefficient
181(1)
5.5 Forced Flow in a Channel
182(6)
5.6 Moving Around in a Fluid World
188(5)
5.6.1 Brownian Swimmers
191(2)
5.7 Squeezing Blood Cells in a Capillary
193(2)
Appendix D Membranes, Micelles and Liposomes
195(5)
Problems
200(2)
References
202(3)
6 Molecular Motors in the Cell
205(48)
6.1 Molecular Motors
205(2)
6.2 The Mechanics of Cyclic Motor Proteins
207(9)
6.2.1 Two-State Model of a Machine
211(2)
6.2.2 Continuous Energy Surfaces
213(3)
6.3 The Thermal Ratchet Model
216(5)
6.4 Symmetry-Breaking Transformations
221(5)
6.4.1 The Tubulin Code
224(2)
6.5 Cell Shape and Cytoskeleton Polymerisation
226(3)
6.5.1 Polymerisation Dynamics and the Treadmill Effect
227(2)
6.6 Variations on a Theme of Polymers
229(7)
6.6.1 Enzymatic Reactions and Kinetics
233(3)
6.7 The Movement of Unicellular Organisms
236(8)
6.7.1 Linear Translation with Drag
238(2)
6.7.2 Rotatory Translation with Drag
240(2)
6.7.3 Swimming Without Paddling
242(2)
Appendix E The Cytoskeleton
244(5)
Problems
249(2)
References
251(2)
7 Bioelectricity, Hearts and Brains
253(64)
7.1 Cells Processing Electromagnetic Information
253(9)
7.1.1 The Eyes of a Plant
255(1)
7.1.2 Birds and Flies Can See a Magnetic Field
256(1)
7.1.3 The Neuron
257(3)
7.1.4 The Neuromuscular Junction
260(2)
7.2 The Electric Potential of the Membrane
262(9)
7.2.1 Passive and Active Diffusion
262(3)
7.2.2 The Nernst Equation
265(2)
7.2.3 Polarisation of the Membrane
267(4)
7.3 The Membrane as a Cable
271(4)
7.4 Excitation of the Neurons
275(3)
7.5 The Action Potential
278(4)
7.5.1 The Hodgkin-Huxley Model of the Membrane
278(4)
7.6 Transmission of the Nerve Impulse
282(6)
7.6.1 Wave-Like Propagation of the Impulse
283(2)
7.6.2 The Refractory Period and Orthodromic Conduction
285(3)
7.7 Brain, Synapses, Information
288(8)
7.7.1 Electrical Model of the Synapse
290(3)
7.7.2 Treatment of the Neuronal Information
293(3)
7.8 Cells in the Heart
296(7)
7.8.1 The Rhythm and the Beat
300(3)
7.9 Electricity in Plants?
303(3)
Appendix F The G-H-K equations
306(1)
Appendix G Electric Currents for Dummies
307(6)
Problems
313(2)
References
315(2)
8 Molecular Mechanics of the Cell
317(50)
8.1 Elastic Models of Polymers
317(11)
8.1.1 The Freely-Jointed Chain
319(7)
8.1.2 The Worm-Like Chain
326(2)
8.2 Biological Polymers
328(9)
8.2.1 Bending Fluctuations and the Persistence Length
328(3)
8.2.2 Elasticity From Entropy
331(3)
8.2.3 Pulling Nanometers with Piconewtons
334(3)
8.3 Mechanics of the Cell Membrane
337(10)
8.3.1 The Minimal Free Energy Model
340(2)
8.3.2 A More Refined Curvature Model
342(3)
8.3.3 Temperature and Entropy Fluctuations
345(2)
8.4 Deformation Energy
347(7)
8.4.1 Membrane Protrusions and Cell Crawling
348(3)
8.4.2 The Shape of a Bacterium
351(3)
8.5 How a Cell Splits in Two
354(10)
8.5.1 Chromosome Condensation
356(1)
8.5.2 Assemby of the Mitotic Spindle
357(4)
8.5.3 Assembly of the Contractile Ring
361(3)
Problems
364(1)
References
365(2)
9 The Materials of the Living
367(56)
9.1 Stress and Deformation
367(9)
9.1.1 The Biologist and the Engineer
371(2)
9.1.2 Brittle and Ductile
373(3)
9.2 The Viscoelastic Nature of Biological Materials
376(5)
9.3 Soft Tissues
381(5)
9.3.1 Where Soft Turns Hard
385(1)
9.4 Tissues That Are Neither Solid nor Liquid
386(7)
9.4.1 Cartilage
387(4)
9.4.2 Tendons
391(2)
9.5 Rigid as Bone
393(4)
9.6 Strong as Wood
397(10)
9.6.1 Tension and Compression
400(2)
9.6.2 Bending and Twisting
402(5)
Appendix H Materials Elasticity Theory for Dummies
407(10)
Problems
417(3)
References
420(3)
10 Of Limbs, Wings and Fins
423(52)
10.1 Force and Movement Produced by a Muscle
423(6)
10.2 Dynamics of Muscle Contraction
429(1)
10.3 Mechanical Efficiency and Cyclic Contraction
430(3)
10.3.1 Cyclic Contraction
432(1)
10.4 Optimised Muscles
433(5)
10.4.1 Aerobic and Anaerobic Muscles
435(3)
10.5 The Flight of an Insect
438(10)
10.5.1 Synchronous and Asynchronous Muscles
440(2)
10.5.2 The Power Output of an Insect's Muscle
442(2)
10.5.3 Simplified Aerodynamics of Flapping Wings
444(4)
10.6 How to Choose Right Variables and Units
448(5)
10.6.1 Observables, Their Dimensions, and Their Measurement
451(2)
10.7 Dimensional Analysis: Animals that Walk and Run
453(6)
10.7.1 More Variables and The Buckingham π-Theorem
456(3)
10.8 Flying Animals and Wingbeat Frequency
459(7)
10.8.1 From Birds to Insects
463(3)
10.9 Dimensional Analysis: Animals Who Live in Water
466(4)
Problems
470(2)
References
472(3)
11 Shapes of the Living
475(52)
11.1 Surface Forces and Volume Forces
475(3)
11.2 Capillarity, Growing Trees and Water-Walkers
478(6)
11.2.1 Insects Who Can Walk on the Water
479(2)
11.2.2 The Branching of Trees
481(3)
11.3 Curved Surfaces and Minimal Surfaces
484(9)
11.3.1 How the Space Can Be Filled
487(4)
11.3.2 Limiting Shapes, Stability and Instability
491(2)
11.4 Surfaces of Revolution, Seashells and Gastropods
493(6)
11.5 Conformal Mapping and the Evolution of Species
499(4)
11.6 The Emergence of a Body Plan
503(12)
11.6.1 Reaction-Diffusion and Pattern Formation
507(3)
11.6.2 Pattern Formation and Gene Expression
510(5)
11.7 Phyllotaxis, The Spacing of Leaves
515(8)
11.7.1 Getting Away from Fractions
518(5)
Problems
523(2)
References
525(2)
12 The Hidden Mathematics of Living Systems
527(46)
12.1 Changing Size Without Changing Shape
527(4)
12.1.1 Allometry and Scaling
529(2)
12.2 Scaling Laws for Animal Locomotion
531(5)
12.2.1 Scaling Law for the Characteristic Frequencies
533(1)
12.2.2 Walkin' the Dog
534(2)
12.3 Paleontology, Or When Animals Were Huge
536(4)
12.4 Scaling Laws for Energy Consumption
540(3)
12.4.1 Choosing a Mode of Transport
541(2)
12.5 Energy Stocks for the Offspring
543(1)
12.6 Analytical Models of Population Growth
544(10)
12.6.1 Preys and Predators
549(3)
12.6.2 Competition and Cooperation Between Species
552(2)
12.7 Dynamical Models in Ecology
554(6)
12.8 The Limits of the Ecosystems
560(9)
12.8.1 Trophic and Non-trophic Interactions
563(3)
12.8.2 Linear Models of Structured Population
566(3)
Problems
569(2)
References
571(2)
13 Solutions to the Problems
573(36)
Physical Units, Constants and Conversion Factors 609(4)
Index 613
Fabrizio Cleri received his doctor's degree in Physics from the University of Perugia, Italy in 1984 and his Habilitation in Physics (HDR) from the University Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg in 2004. After 20 years spent at ENEA in Rome, he became full professor at the University of Lille I and Director of Research at IEMN-Cnrs in Lille in 2006. Fabrizio Cleri is the founder and director of biennial Master studies in Biological and Medical Physics in the Department of Physics in Lille. His teaching covers both introductory-level and advanced courses in Condensed Matter Physics and Biophysics, as well as Applied Nuclear Physics for medical physicists. Author of more than 120 scientific papers and more than 50 invited talks, with over 3000 citations, his skills as a theoretical physicist range from nuclear and radiation physics, to condensed-matter physics and materials mechanics, to molecular physics, biophysics and bio-nanotechnology. He gave major contributions to the understanding of micromechanical phenomena and charge/heat transport processes in nanomaterials and biological molecules. Since 1986, he has been an invited professor at the CEA of Cadarache, at MIT in Boston, at the KITP of UC Santa Barbara, California, at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, at the Institute of Industrial Sciences at the University of Tokyo, as well as permanent researcher at Argonne National Laboratory in Chicago between 1995 and 1998. He was an Associate Editor of Applied Physics Letters until 2016 and of the European Physical Journal B until 2014, and since 2014 serves as AE of the European Physical Journal E.  The author is maintaining a website at physicsoflife.net which contains many additional resources for both the students and the instructors:  high-resolution version of all non-copyrighted images in various formats, including OpenOffice slides;  more complete solutions to all the end-of-chapter problems, as well as additional questions-and-answers students self-examination checklists;  a set of C++ computer programs for some of the mathematical models described in the book.