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El. knyga: Physiological Diversity: Ecological Implications

(University of Sheffield), (University of Plymouth)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Apr-2009
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781444311426
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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Apr-2009
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781444311426
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Focusing on the relationship between physiological diversity and ecology, Spicer and Gaston (zoology professor and a researcher, respectively, U. of Scheffield, England) provide an overview of the physiological variation which animals display, the patterns in that variation, and the mechanisms and ecological implications of those patterns. Intended for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as professional biologists. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Ecologists have always believed, at least to a certain extent, that physiological mechanisms serve to underpin ecological patterns. However, their importance has traditionally been at best underestimated and at worst ignored, with physiological variation being dismissed as either an irrelevance or as random noise/error. Spicer and Gaston make a convincing argument that the precise physiology does matter!

In contrast to previous works which have attempted to integrate ecology and physiology, Physiological Diversity adopts a completely different and more controversial approach in tackling the physiology first before moving on to consider the implications for ecology. This is timely given the recent and considerable interest in the mechanisms underlying ecological patterns. Indeed, many of these mechanisms are physiological.

This textbook provides a contemporary summary of physiological diversity as it occurs at different hierarchical levels (individual, population, species etc.), and the implications of such diversity for ecology and, by implication, evolution. It reviews what is known of physiological diversity and in doing so exposes the reader to all the key works in the field. It also portrays many of these studies in a completely new light, thereby serving as an agenda for, and impetus to, the future study of physiological variation.

Physiological Diversity will be of relevance to senior undergraduates, postgraduates and professional researchers in the fields of ecology, ecological physiology, ecotoxicology, environmental biology and conservation. The book spans both terrestrial and marine systems.

Recenzijos

"Physiological Diversity and its Ecological Implications effectively develops a valuable new perspective within ecological physiology. This book deserves to be read by all in the discipline, including graduate students as well as established researchers." Glenn Walsberg, The Auk, 118(1) 2001

Preface ix
Introduction
1(7)
Physiological diversity
1(1)
Antecedents
2(1)
Links to ecology
3(2)
This book
5(3)
Growing, Developing and Ageing
8(46)
Introduction
8(2)
Old and new agendas for ontogeny
8(1)
Replicating the individual
9(1)
Origins of within-individual variation
10(1)
Genetically determined patterns in within-individual variation
10(22)
Anatomical complexity
10(11)
Changes in physiological tolerance
21(5)
Big individuals writ small?
26(4)
Must morphological development be accompanied by physiological change?
30(2)
Environmental modification of the physiological itinerary
32(15)
Acclimatization and acclimation
32(6)
Induction of physiological traits
38(1)
Critical windows
39(2)
It's all in the timing: physiological heterochrony
41(4)
Disease and senescence
45(2)
The importance of behaviour
47(4)
The link to fitness
51(1)
The uniqueness of the individual
51(3)
Comparing Neighbours
54(46)
Constrained and unconstrained variation
57(1)
Frequency distributions of between-individual variation
57(9)
Constrained variation
58(4)
Unconstrained variation
62(4)
Experimentally altering between-individual variation
66(3)
Changes in between-individual variation in the field
69(10)
Differential mortality and extreme events
70(6)
Population persistence
76(2)
Normal environmental variation, differential mortality and physiological adjustment
78(1)
Sources of between-individual variation
79(12)
Experimental variation and developmental noise
79(2)
Individual circumstances
81(8)
Genetic differentiation
89(2)
The link to fitness?
91(7)
Concluding discussion and summary
98(2)
Population Differences
100(36)
Introduction
100(1)
The roots of population differences
101(11)
Things are not always as they appear
101(1)
Acclimatization and reversible non-genetic differences
102(3)
Irreversible non-genetic differences
105(1)
Genetic differentiation
106(6)
Demographic differences
112(1)
Types of population similarity
112(2)
Similarity in environmental conditions and absence of capacity for local acclimatization
112(2)
Gene flow
114(1)
Spatial patterns in between-population variation
114(10)
Latitude
114(8)
Altitude
122(2)
Depth
124(1)
Geographic ranges
124(9)
Climate and occurrence
124(7)
Why don't species have larger geographical ranges?
131(1)
Do species escape climatic constraints on their ranges?
132(1)
The link to fitness
133(1)
Concluding discussion and summary
134(2)
Species Contrasts
136(47)
Introduction
136(1)
Sources of between-species variation
137(15)
Measurement and summary statistics
137(1)
Phylogenetic relatedness
138(2)
Species circumstances
140(1)
Genetic differentiation
141(11)
Summary
152(1)
Allometry
152(2)
Spatial patterns in between-species variation
154(23)
Latitude
154(14)
Altitude
168(4)
Depth
172(5)
Rare and common species
177(3)
Changing species' distributions and physiology
180(1)
Conclusions and summary
180(3)
Overview
183(12)
Pervasiveness
183(3)
Hierarchical nature
186(2)
Sources
188(1)
Patterns
189(2)
Mechanisms
191(1)
Key questions
191(2)
Wider relevance
193(1)
In conclusion
194(1)
References 195(40)
Index 235


John Spicer and Kevin Gaston are the authors of Physiological Diversity: Ecological Implications, published by Wiley.