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El. knyga: Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants: Perception, Signalling, Omics and Tolerance Mechanism

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Sep-2021
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119700487
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Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants: Perception, Signalling, Omics and Tolerance MechanismDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Sep-2021
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119700487
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"This book extensively covers the problem of soil salinity in modern agricultural practices, and social and environmental issues pertaining to them. The impact of salt on soil microorganisms, crops and other plants is presented along with the impact on other organisms including aquatic fauna, terrestrial animals and human beings. The dimensions of the impact are morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical. Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants will allow social scientists and environmentaliststo think more logically. Additionally, plant and environmental scientists may get ideas to promote less hazardous fertilizer and pesticides, to use their safer doses, to explore and work upon salt resistant varieties of plants"--

PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT STRESS IN PLANTS

Discover how soil salinity affects plants and other organisms and the techniques used to remedy the issue

In Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants, an editorial team of internationally renowned researchers delivers an extensive exploration of the problem of soil salinity in modern agricultural practices. It also discusses the social and environmental issues caused by salt stress. The book covers the impact of salt on soil microorganisms, crops, and other plants, and presents that information alongside examinations of salt&;s effects on other organisms, including aquatic fauna, terrestrial animals, and human beings.

Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants describes the morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical dimensions of increasing soil salinity. It also discusses potential remedies and encourages further thought and exploration of this issue. Readers are encouraged to consider less hazardous fertilizers and pesticides, to use safer doses, and to explore and work upon salt resistant varieties of plants.

Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:

  • Thorough introductions to salt stress perception and toxicity levels and the effects of salt stress on the physiology of crop plants at a cellular level
  • Explorations of the effects of salt stress on the biochemistry of crop plants and salt ion transporters in crop plants at a cellular level
  • Practical discussions of salt ion and nutrient interactions in crop plants, including prospective signalling, and the effects of salt stress on the morphology, anatomy, and gene expression of crop plants
  • An examination of salt stress on soil chemistry and the plant-atmosphere continuum

Perfect for researchers, academics, and students working and studying in the fields of agriculture, botany, entomology, biotechnology, soil science, and plant physiology, Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants will also earn a place on the bookshelves of agronomists, crop scientists, and plant biochemists.

List of Contributors xii
Preface xvi
1 An Introduction to Salt Stress Perception and Toxicity Level: Worldwide Report at a Glance 1(15)
Atun Roy Choudhury
Neha Singh
Ayushi Gupta
Sankar Ganesh Palani
1.1 Soil Salinity: An Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Salt Stress Perception and Current Scenario
2(1)
1.3 Types of Salt Stress
3(1)
1.4 Origin of Problems
4(1)
1.5 Salt Toxicity Level: A Worldwide Report
4(3)
1.6 Effect of Salt Stress on Flora and Fauna of the Ecosystem
7(1)
1.7 Role in Sustainable Agriculture
8(1)
1.8 Unintended Effects of Salt-Containing Substance Application in Agricultural Land
9(1)
1.9 Role of Salt Toxicity in the Operation of Green Revolution
10(1)
1.10 Reaching the Current Status and Conclusion
11(1)
Acknowledgments
12(1)
References
12(4)
2 Effects of Salt Stress on Physiology of Crop Plants: At Cellular Level 16(22)
Vivekanand Tiwari
Abhay Kumar
Pratibha Singh
2.1 Soil Salinity and Plants
16(1)
2.2 Crop Loss Due to Salt Toxicity - An Estimation Worldwide
17(1)
2.3 Effect of Salt Stress on Target and Nontarget Plants and Microorganisms
18(2)
2.4 Effect of Salt Stress on Physiology of Crop Plants
20(6)
2.4.1 Effect of Salt Stress on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis, Chloroplast Functioning, and Photophosphorylation
21(2)
2.4.1.1 Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ixiSalt Stress
21(1)
2.4.1.2 Salt Stress Affects Chloroplast Function
22(1)
2.4.1.3 Photophosphorylation in Salt Stress
23(1)
2.4.2 Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle Enzymes, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Other Mitochondrial Functioning
23(2)
2.4.2.1 Glycolytic Pathway in Salt Stress
24(1)
2.4.2.2 TCA Cycle in Salt Stress
24(1)
2.4.2.3 Salt Stress and Oxidative Phosphorylation
25(1)
2.4.3 Peroxisome Functioning
25(1)
2.5 Halophytes and Their Physiology
26(3)
2.5.1 Ion Homeostasis in a Halophyte
27(1)
2.5.2 Osmotic Adjustment
28(1)
2.5.3 Physiological and Metabolic Adaptation of Halophytes
28(1)
2.6 Halophytes in Agriculture and Land Management
29(2)
2.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
31(1)
References
32(6)
3 Effects of Salt Stress on Biochemistry of Crop Plants 38(15)
Poonam Yadav
Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
3.1 Introduction
38(2)
3.2 Effects of Salt Stress on Lipid Metabolism
40(1)
3.3 Effects of Salt Stress on the Amino Acids Synthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism
41(2)
3.4 Effects of Salt Stress on Protein Biosynthesis
43(1)
3.5 Effect of Salt Stress on the Oxidation of Membrane Proteins
43(1)
3.6 Effect of ROS on the Nucleic Acid Formation
44(1)
3.7 DNA-Protein Cross-links
44(2)
3.7.1 Type 1 DPC
45(1)
3.7.2 Type 2 DPC
45(1)
3.7.3 Type 3 & 4 DPC
45(1)
3.8 Effect of Salt Stress on Dephosphorylation of RNA and DNA
46(1)
3.9 Future Advances and Conclusion
46(1)
References
47(6)
4 Salt Ion Transporters in Crop Plants at Cellular Level 53(21)
Ria Khare
Gurpreet Sandhu
Aruba Khan
Prateek Jain
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Absorption of Na+ from Soil and Its Compartmentalization in Plant Cell
54(2)
4.3 Salt Ions Regulation in Plant Cells and Tissues
56(1)
4.4 Role of Ion Channels and Salt Ion Transporter in Crop Plants at Cellular Level
57(4)
4.5 Transport of Na+ Through SOS Signal Transduction Pathway: At Cellular Level
61(1)
4.6 Role of Salt Tolerance Responsive Genes in Transport of Na+ and Cl- Ions
62(1)
4.7 Role of Ions in Salt Stress Tolerance
63(2)
4.8 Reaching the Current Status and Conclusion
65(1)
References
65(9)
5 Salt Ion and Nutrient Interactions in Crop Plants: Prospective Signaling 74(13)
Ria Khare
Prateek Jain
5.1 Introduction
74(1)
5.2 Effects of Salt Stress on Nutrient Absorption
75(1)
5.3 Effects of Salt Stress on Nutrient Cycling in Crop Plants
76(1)
5.4 Salt Ion and Nutrient Interactions in Crop Plants
77(1)
5.5 Effect of Salt Stress on Nutrient Transporters
78(3)
5.5.1 K Transporters
78(1)
5.5.2 N Transporters
79(1)
5.5.3 P Transporters
80(1)
5.5.4 S Transporters
80(1)
5.6 Role of Nutrient Interactions: Prospective Signaling
81(1)
5.7 Future Prospective and Conclusion
81(1)
References
82(5)
6 Effects of Salt Stress on the Morphology, Anatomy, and Gene Expression of Crop Plants 87(19)
Pragati Kumari
Arvind Gupta
Harish Chandra
Pratibha Singh
Saurabh Yadav
6.1 Introduction
87(2)
6.2 Salt Stress and Effects on Morphology of Plants
89(2)
6.3 Photosynthetic Pigments and Osmolytes Accumulation
91(1)
6.4 Effect of Saline Stress on Floral Organs
91(1)
6.5 Anatomical Features and Salt Stress
92(3)
6.5.1 Relationship of Structure-Function Operation in Roots
93(1)
6.5.2 Transport Through Xylem
94(1)
6.5.3 Transport into the Phloem
94(1)
6.6 Yield and Related Traits
95(1)
6.7 Salt Stress and its Effect on Gene Expression
96(2)
6.8 Conclusion
98(1)
References
98(8)
7 Effect of Salt Stress on Soil Chemistry and Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) 106(23)
Gunjan Goyal
Aruna Yadav
Gunjan Dubey
7.1 Introduction
106(1)
7.1.1 Soil Salinization - Types and Causes
107(1)
7.2 Effect of Salt Stress on Soil Component
107(3)
7.2.1 Effect of Salt Stress on Abiotic Component of Soil and Soil Health
108(1)
7.2.2 Effect of Salt Stress on Biotic Component of Soil and Soil Health
109(1)
7.3 Soil Chemistry Affecting Factors in Agricultural Land
110(1)
7.4 Soil Salinity Effect on Crop Plants
110(5)
7.4.1 Germination
110(1)
7.4.2 Growth
111(2)
7.4.3 Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic Pigments
113(1)
7.4.4 Mineral Uptake and Assimilation
114(1)
7.4.5 Oxidative Stress
115(1)
7.4.6 Yield
115(1)
7.5 An Introduction to Soil, Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC)
115(1)
7.6 Salt Absorption by Root Tissues and Their Effect on Plant-Atmosphere Continuum
116(2)
7.7 Translocation of Salt Ions in the Vascular System of Crop Plants
118(4)
7.7.1 Mechanism of Sodium Influx Into Cytosol
119(1)
7.7.2 Mechanism of Na+ Compartmentalization in Vacuoles
119(1)
7.7.3 The SOS Pathway
120(1)
7.7.4 Effect of Salt Stress on Xylem Transport
121(1)
7.7.5 Effect of Salt Stress on Phloem Loading
122(1)
7.8 Current Status and Conclusion
122(1)
Acknowledgements
122(1)
References
123(6)
8 Effects of Salt Stress on Nutrient Cycle and Uptake of Crop Plants 129(25)
Lay Kumar Jaiswal
Prabhakar Singh
Rakesh Kumar Singh
Tanamyee Nayak
Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Ankush Gupta
8.1 Introduction
129(2)
8.2 Limitation of Nutrient Cycle and Uptake of Nutrients
131(2)
8.2.1 Phosphorus Limitation
132(1)
8.2.2 Nitrogen Limitation
132(1)
8.3 Nutrient Cycle or Biogeochemical Cycle
133(8)
8.3.1 Water Cycle or Hydrological Cycle
133(1)
8.3.2 Carbon Cycle
134(1)
8.3.3 Nitrogen Cycle
134(2)
8.3.4 Oxygen Cycle
136(1)
8.3.5 Phosphorus Cycle
137(2)
8.3.6 Sulfur Cycle
139(1)
8.3.7 Calcium Cycle
140(1)
8.4 Effect of Salt Stress on Carbon Cycle
141(1)
8.5 Effect of Salt Stress on Oxygen and Water Cycle
142(1)
8.5.1 Effect of Salt Stress on Oxygen Cycle
142(1)
8.5.2 Effect of Salt Stress on Water Cycle
142(1)
8.6 Effect of Salt Stress on Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Biogeochemical Cycle of Nitrogen
143(1)
8.7 Effect of Salt Stress on Phosphorous Bacteria and Biogeochemical Cycle of Phosphorus
144(1)
8.8 Effect of Salt Stress on Sulfur Bacteria and Biogeochemical Cycle of Sulfur
145(1)
8.9 Future Prospective and Conclusion
146(1)
References
147(7)
9 Salt-Induced Effects on Crop Plants and Counteract Mitigating Strategy by Antioxidants System 154(23)
Indrajeet Kumar
Umesh Kumar
Prince Kumar Singh
Rajesh Kumar Sharma
9.1 Introduction
154(1)
9.2 Formation of Salt-Induced Indirect Products (Oxidative Biomarkers) in Crops
155(1)
9.3 Effect of Salt Stress on Crop Plants
156(2)
9.4 Consequences Effect of Oxidative Biomarkers in Crop Plants
158(4)
9.4.1 Lipid Peroxidation
158(2)
9.4.2 Effect on Proteins
160(1)
9.4.3 Effects on Carbohydrates
160(1)
9.4.4 Effect on Polynucleic Acids
161(1)
9.5 Generation of Self-defense Mitigating Strategy in Crop Plants
162(6)
9.5.1 Counteract Mitigating Strategy by Enzymatic Antioxidants System
162(3)
9.5.1.1 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
163(1)
9.5.1.2 Catalase (CAT)
163(1)
9.5.1.3 Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) Cycle Enzymes
163(1)
9.5.1.4 Ascorbate Peroxidases (APX)
163(1)
9.5.1.5 Monodehydroascorbate Reductase (MDHAR) and Dehydroascorbate Reductase (DHAR)
164(1)
9.5.1.6 Glutathione Reductase (GR)
164(1)
9.5.1.7 Guaiacol Peroxidase (GPX)
164(1)
9.5.2 Counteract Mitigating Strategy by Nonenzymatic Antioxidants System
165(3)
9.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective
168(1)
References
169(8)
10 Effects of Salt Stress on Osmolyte Metabolism of Crop Plants and Mitigating Strategy by Osmolyte 177(21)
Abreeq Fatima
Garima Singh
Anuradha Patel
Sanjesh Tiwari
Divya Gupta
Anurag Dubey
Dilip Kumar Prajapati
Sheo Mohan Prasad
10.1 Introduction
177(1)
10.2 Groups and Biosynthetic Pathways of Osmolytes in Crop Plant
178(5)
10.2.1 Polyamines and Their Biosynthetic Pathways in the Cell Organelles of Crop Plant
178(1)
10.2.2 Betaine and Their Biosynthetic Pathways in the Cell Organelles of Crop Plant
179(2)
10.2.3 The Biosynthetic Pathway of Carbohydrate Sugar, Sugar Alcohol, and Amino Acids in the Cell Organelles of Crop Plant
181(2)
10.3 Effect of Salt Stress on Osmolyte Production and Work Action
183(3)
10.4 The Osmotic and Ionic Adjustment Under Salt Stress Tolerance Mechanism
186(2)
10.5 Conclusion
188(1)
References
189(9)
11 Salt Stress Toxicity Amelioration by Phytohormones, Synthetic Product, and Nutrient Amendment Practices 198(31)
Divya Gupta
Garima Singh
Sanjesh Tiwari
Anuradha Patel
Abreeq Fatima
Anurag Dubey
Neha Naaz
Jitendra Pandey
Sheo Mohan Prasad
11.1 Introduction
198(2)
11.2 Structure and Mechanism of Action of Phytohormones Under Salt Stress
200(1)
11.3 Structural, Physiological, and Biochemical Nature of Phytohormones Under Salt Stress
201(3)
11.3.1 Abscisic Acid (ABA)
201(1)
11.3.2 Cytokinins (CKs)
202(1)
11.3.3 Gibberellins (GAs)
202(1)
11.3.4 Auxins (AUXs)
203(1)
11.3.5 Brassinosteroids (BRs)
203(1)
11.3.6 Salicylic Acid (SA)
203(1)
11.3.7 Jasmonic Acid (JA)
204(1)
11.4 Salt Stress Toxicity Amelioration by Exogenous/Endogenous Phytohormones
204(6)
11.4.1 Auxin
208(1)
11.4.2 Gibberellins
208(1)
11.4.3 Cytokinin
209(1)
11.4.4 Brassinosteroids
209(1)
11.4.5 Salicylic Acid
210(1)
11.5 Salt Toxicity Amelioration by Exogenous Synthetic Products
210(3)
11.6 Salt Toxicity Amelioration by Exogenous Nutrient Amendment Practices
213(2)
11.7 Future Prospective and Conclusion
215(1)
References
216(13)
12 Crop Plants Develop Extracellular Signaling Products Against Salt Stress 229(23)
Santwana Tiwari
Nidhi derma
Shikha Singh
Shivam Gupta
Madhulika Singh
Pratibha Singh
Jitendra Pandey
Sheo Mohan Prasad
12.1 Introduction
229(4)
12.2 Site of Synthesis of Extracellular Signaling Products
233(2)
12.3 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria, Algae, and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Antioxidants, Enzymes, and Proteins
235(1)
12.3.1 Antioxidants
235(1)
12.3.2 Enzymes
236(1)
12.3.3 Proteins
236(1)
12.4 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria Algae and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Amino Acids, Osmolytes, Nitrogen Nitric Oxide Ammonia
236(2)
12.4.1 Amino Acids
237(1)
12.4.2 Osmolytes
237(1)
12.4.3 Nitrogen and Its Derivatives
237(1)
12.5 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Phenols, Terpenoid, Phytols, Sterols, Fatty Acids
238(2)
12.5.1 Phenols
238(1)
12.5.2 Terpenoid
238(1)
12.5.3 Phytols
239(1)
12.5.4 Sterols
239(1)
12.5.5 Fatty Acids
240(1)
12.6 Release of Extracellular Products by Cells of Cyanobacteria and Crop Plants Under Salt Stress: Photoprotective Compounds, Polysaccharides, Halogenated Compounds, and Phytohormone
240(2)
12.6.1 Photoprotective Compounds
240(1)
12.6.2 Polysaccharides and Halogenated Compounds
241(1)
12.6.3 Phytohormone
241(1)
12.7 Uncovering Potential and Applications of Extracellular Signaling Products in Biology, Agriculture, and Medicine Current Status and Future Prospects
242(1)
12.8 Current Status and Future Prospective
243(1)
References
243(9)
Index 252
Pratibha Singh, Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Madhulika Singh, Centre of Advanced Studies in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Rajiv Kumar Singh, Horticultural Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sohaon, Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Sheo Mohan Prasad, Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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