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El. knyga: Pilgrims in the Port: The Identity of Migrant Christian Communities in Rotterdam

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"This publication investigates new ways of understanding international churches. Based upon recent fieldwork, six migrant Christian communities in Rotterdam were analysed using congregational study methods on how they construct identity. Through the frames of 'koinonia', 'diakonia' and 'kerygma', this research reflects on their composition, characteristics, leadership style, language and social capital. Language is found to be an important shaper or 'carrier' of identity and acts both as badge and bridgeof identity. In building identity, MCCs do not behave in ways expected or consistent with the process of integration"--

»Pilgrims in the Port« offers Rotterdam as a laboratory for learning about migrant churches. Congregational study methods are used to look at how they construct identity. Traditional denominational or ethnic terms failed to do them justice and this publication analyses their context, development, titles, leadership and public activities.



This publication investigates new ways of understanding international churches. Based upon recent fieldwork, six migrant Christian communities in Rotterdam were analysed using congregational study methods on how they construct identity. Through the frames of ‘koinonia’, ‘diakonia’ and ‘kerygma’, this research reflects on their composition, characteristics, leadership style, language and social capital. Language is found to be an important shaper or ‘carrier’ of identity and acts both as badge and bridge of identity. In building identity, MCCs do not behave in ways expected or consistent with the process of integration.

Abbreviations 13(2)
1 Introduction
15(34)
1.1 Background to the Research
15(2)
1.2 The Research Question
17(5)
1.3 Methods
22(8)
1.3.1 Qualitative Research
22(1)
1.3.2 Case-Study Approach
23(1)
1.3.3 Frames of Analysis
23(3)
1.3.4 Literature Study
26(1)
1.3.5 Interviews
27(1)
1.3.6 Locus of the Researcher
28(1)
1.3.7 Locus of the Research
28(2)
1.4 Sources
30(8)
1.4.1 Primary Sources by MCCs in Rotterdam
30(1)
1.4.2 Secondary Sources on MCCs in Rotterdam
31(2)
1.4.3 Secondary Sources on MCCs in General
33(2)
1.4.4 Other Material
35(3)
1.5 The Research Problem in Wider Academic Discussion
38(9)
1.5.1 Sociological Studies
38(5)
1.5.2 Migration and Religious Studies
43(3)
1.5.3 Congregational Studies
46(1)
1.6 Structure
47(2)
2 Rotterdam
49(28)
2.1 Introduction
49(1)
2.2 Economic Aspects of Rotterdam
49(6)
2.3 Political Aspects of Rotterdam
55(5)
2.4 Historical and Religious Aspects of Rotterdam
60(11)
2.4.1 A Religious History of the City
60(4)
2.4.2 A History of Migrant Christianity in the City
64(3)
2.4.3 A History of Migrants of Other Religions in Rotterdam
67(4)
2.5 Rotterdam as a City of Worship
71(4)
2.6 Conclusion
75(2)
3 Classification
77(42)
3.1 Introduction
77(1)
3.2 Terminology for the Task of Classification
78(6)
3.2.1 Terminology in Recent Studies of MCCs
78(4)
3.2.2 Historical and Renewalist MCCs
82(2)
3.3 Ecclesial Identities
84(26)
3.3.1 Historical Churches
84(1)
3.3.1.1 The Orthodox Tradition
84(2)
3.3.1.2 Orthodox MCCs in Rotterdam
86(2)
3.3.1.3 The Roman Catholic Tradition
88(1)
3.3.1.4 Roman Catholic MCCs in Rotterdam
89(5)
3.3.1.5 The Protestant Tradition
94(1)
3.3.1.6 Protestant MCCs in Rotterdam
95(5)
3.3.2 Renewalist Churches
100(1)
3.3.2.1 The Renewalist Tradition
100(4)
3.3.2.2 Renewalist MCCs in Rotterdam
104(6)
3.4 Case Studies
110(5)
3.4.1 Introduction to Case Studies
110(1)
3.4.1.1 Cape Verdean Portuguese-Speaking Roman Catholic Church
111(1)
3.4.1.2 Moravian Evangelical Brethren (Evangelische Broedergemeente)
112(1)
3.4.1.3 Congregation of Urdu Protestant Church Rotterdam
112(1)
3.4.1.4 Victory Outreach Rotterdam
113(1)
3.4.1.5 Glorious Chapel International (GCI)
114(1)
3.4.1.6 Alliance Messianique pour l'Evangelisation des Nations
114(1)
3.4.2 Overview of Case Studies
115(1)
3.5 Conclusion
115(4)
4 Theoretical Aspects of Identity
119(40)
4.1 Introduction
119(1)
4.2 Perspectives on Religious Identity
120(14)
4.2.1 Ethnicity
120(3)
4.2.2 Language
123(3)
4.2.3 Generation
126(1)
4.2.4 The Construction of Group Identity
127(3)
4.2.5 The Analytical Approach and Lenses
130(4)
4.3 Theoretical Aspects behind the Five Lenses
134(21)
4.3.1 Identity in Context
134(7)
4.3.2 Identity in Development
141(5)
4.3.3 Identity in Leadership
146(2)
4.3.4 Identity in Public Statements
148(2)
4.3.5 Identity in Public Service
150(5)
4.4 Conclusion
155(4)
5 Koinonia
159(60)
5.1 Introduction
159(2)
5.2 Six Case Studies
161(34)
5.2.1 Portuguese-Speaking Cape Verdean Roman Catholic Church (PCVRC)
161(1)
5.2.1.1 Their Context and Character
161(5)
5.2.1.2 Their Story of Development
166(5)
5.2.2 Moravian Evangelical Brethren (MEB)
171(1)
5.2.2.1 Their Context and Character
171(4)
5.2.2.2 Their Story of Development
175(2)
5.2.3 Urdu Congregation of Protestant Churches Rotterdam (UCPR)
177(1)
5.2.3.1 Their Context and Character
177(2)
5.2.3.2 Their Story of Development
179(4)
5.2.4 Victory Outreach Rotterdam (VOR)
183(1)
5.2.4.1 Their Context and Character
183(3)
5.2.4.2 Their Story of Development
186(2)
5.2.5 Glorious Chapel International (GCI)
188(1)
5.2.5.1 Their Context and Character
188(2)
5.2.5.2 Their Story of Development
190(2)
5.2.6 Alliance Messianique pour l'Evangelisation des Nations (AMEN)
192(1)
5.2.6.1 Their Context and Character
192(1)
5.2.6.2 Their Story of Development
193(2)
5.3 Reflections on Case Studies
195(19)
5.3.1 Their Composition
195(5)
5.3.2 Their Tactics
200(6)
5.3.3 Their Languages and Generations
206(4)
5.3.4 Their Search for Space
210(4)
5.4 Conclusion
214(5)
6 Kerygma
219(32)
6.1 Introduction
219(1)
6.2 Six Case Studies
219(17)
6.2.1 Portuguese-Speaking Cape Verdean Roman Catholic Church (PCVRC)
219(1)
6.2.1.1 Leadership
219(2)
6.2.1.2 Nomenclature
221(1)
6.2.2 Moravian Evangelical Brethren (MEB)
222(1)
6.2.2.1 Leadership
222(2)
6.2.2.2 Nomenclature
224(1)
6.2.3 Urdu Congregation of the Protestant Church Rotterdam (UCPR)
225(1)
6.2.3.1 Leadership
225(2)
6.2.3.2 Nomenclature
227(1)
6.2.4 Victory Outreach Rotterdam (VOR)
228(1)
6.2.4.1 Leadership
228(1)
6.2.4.2 Nomenclature
229(2)
6.2.5 Glorious Chapel International (GCI)
231(1)
6.2.5.1 Leadership
231(1)
6.2.5.2 Nomenclature
232(1)
6.2.6 Alliance Messianique pour l'Evangelisation des Nations (AMEN)
233(1)
6.2.6.1 Leadership
233(1)
6.2.6.2 Nomenclature
234(2)
6.3 Reflections on Case Studies
236(12)
6.3.1 Leadership
236(4)
6.3.2 Nomenclature
240(8)
6.4 Conclusion
248(3)
7 Diakonia
251(30)
7.1 Introduction
251(1)
7.2 Six Case Studies
252(19)
7.2.1 Portuguese Cape Verdean Roman Catholic Church (PCVRC)
252(3)
7.2.2 Moravian Evangelische Broedegemeente (MEB)
255(3)
7.2.3 Urdu Congregation of the Protestant Church Rotterdam (UCPR)
258(3)
7.2.4 Victory Outreach Rotterdam (VOR)
261(4)
7.2.5 Glorious Chapel International (GCI)
265(3)
7.2.6 Alliance Messianique pour l'Evangelisation des Nations (AMEN)
268(3)
7.3 Reflections on Case Studies
271(8)
7.3.1 Social Capital
271(4)
7.3.2 Transnational Activities
275(4)
7.4 Conclusion
279(2)
8 Conclusion
281(10)
8.1 The Problem
281(2)
8.2 Identity Construction in MCCs
283(8)
8.2.1 Identity in Koinonia
283(2)
8.2.2 Identity in Kerygma
285(1)
8.2.3 Identity in Diakonia
286(1)
8.2.4 Final Considerations
287(4)
Appendix I Letter to Melake Selam Abba Tesfa Mariam Lake in Abudabi from Abba Paulos, the Patriarch of Ethiopia, on 14 January 2005
291(2)
Appendix II `Wheel' of Voluntary Groups and Activities That Make up PCVRC
293(1)
Appendix III Diaconal Service: Relationship to Those in Need against Direction of Help
294(1)
Appendix IV Examples of diakonia in the Field of MCCs in Rotterdam
295(6)
(1) Service as diakonia
295(1)
(2) Advocacy as diakonia
296(2)
(3) Development as diakonia
298(1)
(4) Organizing as diakonia
299(2)
Bibliography 301(22)
Index 323
Robert Alasdair Calvert pastored three city congregations in Glasgow, Rotterdam and Dundee as a Church of Scotland minister. His researches on migrant Christian communities and lectures on urban ministry.