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Planet Formation and Panspermia: New Prospects for the Movement of Life Through Space [Kietas viršelis]

Edited by (University of Belgrade, Serbia), Edited by (University of Chicago), Edited by (Bard College, New York)
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An in-depth view of the panspermia hypothesis examined against the latest knowledge of planetary formation and related processes.

Panspermia is the concept that life can be passively transported through space on various bodies and seed, habitable planets and moons, which we are beginning to learn may exist in large numbers. It is an old idea, but not popular with those who prefer that life on Earth started on Earth, an alternative, also unproven hypothesis. This book updates the concept of panspermia in the light of new evidence on planet formation, molecular clouds, solar system motions, supernovae ejection mechanisms, etc. Thus, it is to be a book about newly understood prospects for the movement of life through space.

The novel approach presented in this book gives new insights into the panspermia theory and its connection with planetary formation and the evolution of galaxies. This offers a good starting point for future research proposals about exolife and a better perspective for empirical scrutiny of panspermia theory. Also, the key to understanding life in the universe is to understand that the planetary formation process is convolved with the evolution of stellar systems in their galactic environment. The book provides the synthesis of all these elements and gives the readers an up-to-date insight on how panspermia might fit into the big picture.

Audience Given the intrinsic interdisciplinary nature of the panspermia hypothesis the book will have a wide audience across various scientific disciplines covering astronomy, biology, physics and chemistry. Apart from scientists, the book will appeal to engineers who are involved in planning and realization of future space missions.
Preface xi
Part I: Philosophical Aspects of Panspermia 1(52)
1 "On the Origin of Life"
3(4)
William Thomson
2 Why We Should Take Interstellar Panspermia Seriously
7(12)
Amedeo Balbi
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 The Case for Interstellar Panspermia
8(3)
2.3 Theoretical Consequences of Interstellar Panspermia
11(3)
2.4 Conclusions
14(1)
References
15(4)
3 The Extended Continuity Thesis, Chronocentrism, and Directed Panspermia
19(22)
Milan M. Cirkovic
3.1 Introduction: The Continuity as a Pre-Requisite for Scientific Grounding of Astrobiology
20(2)
3.2 Versions and Resistance
22(4)
3.3 Cultural Evolution and Directed Panspermia
26(8)
3.4 Conclusion and Prospects
34(2)
Acknowledgements
36(1)
References
37(4)
4 Life in the Milky Way: The Panspermia Prospects
41(12)
Branislav Vukotic
Richard Gordon
4.1 Introduction
41(2)
4.2 Three Levels of Habitability and Panspermia
43(5)
4.2.1 Stellar System Level
43(2)
4.2.2 Galaxies: Cosmic Cradles of Life
45(2)
4.2.3 Cosmological Level: Interactions of Galaxies
47(1)
4.3 Conclusions
48(1)
Acknowledgements
49(1)
References
49(4)
Part II: Microorganisms and Panspermia 53(72)
5 Planetary Protection: Too Late
55(38)
Margarita Safonova
C. Sivaram
5.1 Introduction
56(1)
5.2 What is Planetary Protection
56(4)
5.3 Extent of Earth Biosphere
60(2)
5.4 Extension to Other Planetary Bodies
62(4)
5.4.1 Moon
62(2)
5.4.2 Mars
64(2)
5.4.3 Icy Moons
66(1)
5.5 Backward Contamination
66(2)
5.6 Interplanetary Exchange
68(3)
5.7 Habitable Conditions for Interplanetary Micronauts
71(3)
5.8 Conclusion
74(3)
Appendix A
77(1)
Appendix B
78(1)
Appendix C
78(3)
Acknowledgments
81(1)
References
82(11)
6 Microbial Survival and Adaptation in Extreme Terrestrial Environments-The Case of the Dallol Geothermal Area in Ethiopia
93(26)
Cavalazzi Barbara
Filippidou Sevasti
6.1 Introduction
94(1)
6.2 Planetary Field Analog: The Case of the Dallol Geothermal Area
95(10)
6.2.1 The Dallol Hot Springs
99(5)
6.2.2 Dallol Geothermal Area Planetary Field Analogs
104(1)
6.3 Life in Extreme Environments
105(5)
6.4 Conclusion and Remarks on Panspermia
110(1)
Acknowledgment
111(1)
References
111(8)
7 Escape From Planet Earth: From Directed Panspermia to Terraformation
119(6)
Roy D. Sleator
Niall Smith
Acknowledgements
123(1)
References
123(2)
Part III: Formation and Evolution of Planets: Material Exchange Prospects 125(142)
8 Catalyzed Lithopanspermia Through Disk Capture of Biologically Active Interstellar Material
127(22)
Evgeni Grishin
Hagai B. Perets
8.1 Introduction
128(1)
8.2 Capture of Interstellar Planetesimals
129(8)
8.2.1 Planetesimal Size Distribution
129(1)
8.2.2 Encounter Rates
130(1)
8.2.3 Capture Condition
131(2)
8.2.4 Capture Probability
133(2)
8.2.5 Total Number of Captured Planetesimals
135(2)
8.3 Catalyzed Lithopanspermia
137(5)
8.3.1 Types of Panspermia
138(1)
8.3.2 Fraction of Life-Bearing Rocks
139(1)
8.3.3 Delivery Rates
140(2)
8.4 Conclusion and Discussion
142(1)
Acknowledgements
143(1)
References
144(5)
9 Lithopanspermia at the Center of Spiral Galaxies
149(22)
Howard Chen
9.1 Introduction
150(2)
9.2 The Kepler Transit Survey and the Distribution of Living Worlds
152(1)
9.3 XUV Hydrodynamic Escape and the Formation of Habitable Evaporated Cores
153(4)
9.3.1 Activity of Supermassive Black Holes
154(1)
9.3.2 Overabundance of HECs Driven by Quasar Illumination
155(2)
9.4 Frequency of Exchange in High Stellar Densities
157(5)
9.4.1 Ejection of Planetary Bodies on Intragalactic Scales
158(2)
9.4.2 Implications for Other Stellar Populations
160(2)
9.5 Detecting Panspermia
162(1)
9.6 Concluding Remarks
163(1)
References
164(7)
10 Wet Panspermia
171(24)
Jaroslav Jilik
Richard Gordon
10.1 Introduction
172(1)
10.2 Earth and Its Isotopic World: Geological and Environmental Implications
172(1)
10.3 Quest for the Primordial Water Worlds
173(3)
10.4 Looking for the Biotic Traces in Extraterrestrial Material
176(2)
10.5 Ices of the Moon and Proposal of Earth-Induced Wet Panspermia in the Solar System
178(4)
10.6 Implications for Other Planets of the Inner Solar System?
182(3)
10.7 Conclusions
185(1)
References
186(9)
11 There Were Plenty of Day/Night Cycles That Could Have Accelerated an Origin of Life on Earth, Without Requiring Panspermia
195(12)
Richard Gordon
George Mikhailovsky
Acknowledgement
202(1)
References
202(5)
12 Micrometeoroids as Carriers of Organics: Modeling of the Atmospheric Entry and Chemical Decomposition of Sub-Millimeter Grains
207(44)
G. Micca Longo
S. Longo
12.1 Micrometeorites and the Search for Life
208(2)
12.2 White Soft Minerals
210(4)
12.2.1 Carbonates in Space
211(2)
12.2.2 Sulfates in Space
213(1)
12.3 Atmospheric Entry Model
214(5)
12.4 Results
219(11)
12.4.1 Atmospheric Entry of MgCO3 Micrometeoroids
220(3)
12.4.2 Atmospheric Entry of CaCO3 Micrometeoroids
223(3)
12.4.3 Atmospheric Entry of FeCO3 Micrometeoroids
226(3)
12.4.4 Atmospheric Entry of CaSO4 Micrometeoroids
229(1)
12.5 The Role of Primordial Atmospheres
230(11)
12.5.1 Isothermal Atmosphere Model
233(4)
12.5.2 Hydrogen Atmosphere
237(2)
12.5.3 Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere
239(1)
12.5.4 Methane Atmosphere
239(2)
12.6 Conclusions
241(2)
References
243(8)
13 Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems: Role of Planetesimals
251(16)
Vladimir Dosovic
13.1 Introduction
251(2)
13.2 Planetesimal Formation and Evolution
253(2)
13.3 Transporting Mechanism in Later Stages of Planetary System Evolution
255(6)
13.4 Conclusion
261(1)
Acknowledgements
262(1)
References
262(5)
Part IV: Further Prospects 267(60)
14 A Survey of Solar System and Galactic Objects With Pristine Surfaces That Record History and Perhaps Panspermia, With a Plan for Exploration
269(40)
Branislav Vukotic
Richard Gordon
14.1 Introduction
269(10)
14.1.1 Radiative Events
270(1)
14.1.2 Solar Flares
271(1)
14.1.2.1 Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts
272(1)
14.1.2.2 Galactic Shocks
272(1)
14.1.2.3 Background Radiation From Galactic Sources
273(1)
14.1.3 Collisions
273(2)
14.1.4 Panspermia
275(4)
14.2 Recording Properties
279(2)
14.3 Pristine Potential of Solar System Bodies
281(7)
14.3.1 Comets, Asteroids and Dwarf Planets
281(2)
14.3.2 Mercury
283(1)
14.3.3 Moon
283(1)
14.3.4 Mars
283(1)
14.3.5 Main Asteroid Belt
284(1)
14.3.6 Jupiter and Saturn
285(1)
14.3.7 Uranus and Neptune
286(1)
14.3.8 Kuiper Belt
286(1)
14.3.9 Oort Cloud
287(1)
14.3.10 Meteorites
287(1)
14.3.11 Extra-Solar Bodies
288(1)
14.4 Prospects and Conclusions
288(1)
Acknowledgements
289(1)
References
289(20)
15 The Panspermia Publications of Sir Fred Hoyle
309(18)
Richard Gordon
Acknowledgements
316(1)
References
316(11)
Index 327
Branislav Vukoti obtained his MSc. and PhD from the University of Belgrade, Serbia. He researches the astrobiological history of the Milky Way using probabilistic cellular automata and N-body simulations. He is a member of the Editorial Board of the Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and a vice-chair of the Management Board of the Astronomical Observatory in Belgrade.

Joseph Seckbach earned his MSc. and PhD from the University of Chicago and did his postdoc at Caltech, Pasadena. CA. He is retired from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and spent periods in research at the USA: UCLA, Harvard, Baton-Rouge (LSU); in Germany (Tübingen and Munich as an exchange scholar). He has edited a series of books Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology and has over 40 edited volumes for various publishers as well as about 140 scientific articles. His interest is in astrobiology and iron in plants (phytoferritin).

Richard Gordon is a theoretical biologist with a PhD in Chemical Physics from the University of Oregon, retired from the Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba in 2011. He is presently at the Gulf Specimen Marine Lab & Aquarium, Panacea, Florida and Adjunct Professor, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth & Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan. His interest in exobiology (now astrobiology) dates from 1960s undergraduate work on organic matter in the Orgueil meteorite with Edward Anders. He has published critical reviews of panspermia and the history of claims of life in meteorites.