Roles and Functions of Plant Mineral Nutrients.- Plant Growth and Cultivation.- Protocols for Growing Plant Symbioses; Mycorrhiza.-Protocols For Growing Plant Symbioses; Hizobia.- Plant Cell Suspension Cultures.- Soil Analysis using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy.- Mineral Composition Analysis: Measuring Anion Uptake and Anion Concentrations in Plant Tissues.- Multi-element Plant Tissue Analysis using ICP Spectrometry.- Mapping Element Distributions in Plant Tissues using Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Techniques.- Flux Measurements of Cations using Radioactive Tracers.- Ion Flux Measurements using the MIFE Technique.-Sampling and Analysis of Phloem Sap.- Methods for Xylem Sap Collection.-Plant Single Cell Sampling.- Measurements of Cytosolic Ion Concentrations in Live Cells.- Real Time Measurement of Cytoplasmic Ions with Ion Selective Microelectrodes.- Large Scale Plant Ionomics.- Applications of High-throughput Plant Phenotyping to Study Nutrient use Efficiency.