Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

El. knyga: Plant-Soil Slope Interaction

(Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong), ,
  • Formatas: 206 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jul-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351052368
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 206 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jul-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351052368
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

DRM apribojimai

  • Kopijuoti:

    neleidžiama

  • Spausdinti:

    neleidžiama

  • El. knygos naudojimas:

    Skaitmeninių teisių valdymas (DRM)
    Leidykla pateikė šią knygą šifruota forma, o tai reiškia, kad norint ją atrakinti ir perskaityti reikia įdiegti nemokamą programinę įrangą. Norint skaityti šią el. knygą, turite susikurti Adobe ID . Daugiau informacijos  čia. El. knygą galima atsisiųsti į 6 įrenginius (vienas vartotojas su tuo pačiu Adobe ID).

    Reikalinga programinė įranga
    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą mobiliajame įrenginyje (telefone ar planšetiniame kompiuteryje), turite įdiegti šią nemokamą programėlę: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą asmeniniame arba „Mac“ kompiuteryje, Jums reikalinga  Adobe Digital Editions “ (tai nemokama programa, specialiai sukurta el. knygoms. Tai nėra tas pats, kas „Adobe Reader“, kurią tikriausiai jau turite savo kompiuteryje.)

    Negalite skaityti šios el. knygos naudodami „Amazon Kindle“.

This inter-disciplinary book provides the latest advanced knowledge of plant effects on vegetated soil properties such as water retention capability, water permeability function, shear strength, slope hydrology, movements and failure mechanisms, and applies this knowledge to the solution of slope stability problems. It is the first book to cover in detail not only the mechanical effects of root reinforcement but more importantly the hydrological effects of plant transpiration on soil suction, soil shear strength, and water permeability. The book also offers a fundamental understanding of soil-plant-water interaction.

Analytical equations are provided for predicting the combined hydrological and mechanical effects of plant roots on slope stability. A novel method is also given for simulating transpiration-induced suction in a geotechnical centrifuge. Application of this method to the study of the failure mechanisms of vegetated slopes reinforced by roots with different architectures is discussed.

This book is essential reading for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as researchers in civil engineering, geo-environmental engineering, plant ecology, agricultural science, hydrology and water resources. It also provides advanced knowledge for civil engineers seeking "green" engineering solutions to combat the negative impact of climate change on the long-term engineering sustainability of infrastructure slopes. Professionals other than civil engineers, such as ecologists, agriculturists, botanists, environmentalists, and hydrologists, would also find the book relevant and useful.

Recenzijos

"The book can serve as a highly readable and interesting reference for civil engineers looking for sustainable and long-lasting infrastructure slope solutions."

--E. Gomezdelcampo, Bowling Green State University in Choice

Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Authors xvii
List of notations xix
List of nomenclature xxiii
1 Introduction 1(16)
1.1 Role of vegetation in civil engineering
1(1)
1.2 Fundamentals of unsaturated soil mechanics
2(2)
1.3 Energy balance, water, carbon and nutrient cycles in a soil-plant-atmosphere system
4(7)
1.3.1 Energy balance
4(1)
1.3.2 Water balance
5(2)
1.3.3 Carbon cycle
7(1)
1.3.4 Photosynthesis and respiration of plants
8(1)
1.3.5 Nutrient cycles
9(2)
1.4 Water absorption and transportation mechanism of vascular plants
11(4)
1.4.1 Mechanisms of root water uptake
12(1)
1.4.2 Mechanisms of water transport from roots to leaves
12(2)
1.4.3 Repair of xylem cavitation
14(1)
1.5 Structure of the book
15(2)
2 Hydrological effects of plant on matric suction 17(34)
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Factors contributing to transpiration-induced suction
17(19)
2.2.1 Atmospherically controlled plant room
17(3)
2.2.2 Effects of soil density on plant growth and induced suction
20(4)
2.2.2.1 Grass characteristics
21(1)
2.2.2.2 Water infiltration rate
22(1)
2.2.2.3 Induced suction distribution
22(2)
2.2.3 Effects of plant density on plant growth and induced suction
24(9)
2.2.3.1 Above-ground plant characteristics
24(2)
2.2.3.2 Below-ground plant characteristics
26(3)
2.2.3.3 Suction induced during evapotranspiration
29(1)
2.2.3.4 Water infiltration rate
30(1)
2.2.3.5 Suction preserved during rainfall
31(2)
2.2.4 Effects of CO2 on plant growth and induced suction
33(3)
2.2.4.1 Plant characteristics
34(1)
2.2.4.2 Induced matric suction
35(1)
2.3 Correlating plant traits with induced soil suction
36(7)
2.3.1 Plant traits and physiological responses
37(1)
2.3.2 Relationships between plant traits and induced suction
37(6)
2.4 Root-induced changes in soil hydraulic properties
43(6)
2.4.1 Water retention curve of vegetated soil
43(5)
2.4.1.1 Soil vegetated with grass
43(2)
2.4.1.2 Soil vegetated with tree
45(3)
2.4.2 Water permeability function
48(1)
2.5
Chapter summary
49(2)
3 Mechanical effects of plant root reinforcement 51(20)
3.1 Introduction
51(1)
3.2 Revisiting the power decay law
51(7)
3.2.1 The state of the art
51(1)
3.2.2 Root tensile behaviour of species native to temperate Europe
52(5)
3.2.3 Inter-species variability
57(1)
3.2.4 Strength-diameter relationships
57(1)
3.3 Root tensile behaviour
58(6)
3.3.1 Four plant species native to southern China
58(2)
3.3.2 Root sampling and measurement of root area ratio (RAR)
60(2)
3.3.3 Root tensile force
62(2)
3.4 Effects of fungi on root biomechanics
64(5)
3.4.1 Actions of fungi on cellulose
64(1)
3.4.2 Effects of the AMF colonisation rate on plant biomass
64(2)
3.4.3 Effects of AMF on root biomechanical properties
66(2)
3.4.4 Potential mechanisms
68(1)
3.5
Chapter summary
69(2)
4 Field studies of plant transpiration effects on ground water flow and slope deformation 71(34)
4.1 Introduction
71(1)
4.2 Case study 1: Compacted sandy ground at HKUST Eco-Park
71(14)
4.2.1 Plant effects on the infiltration rate
71(3)
4.2.2 Effects of plant variability on the infiltration rate
74(2)
4.2.3 Effects of mixed tree-grass planting on plant growth and soil hydrology
76(9)
4.2.3.1 Observed plant traits
77(4)
4.2.3.2 Effects of tree spacing on saturated water permeability (kJ
81(1)
4.2.3.3 Effects of tree spacing on the transpiration- induced suction response
81(2)
4.2.3.4 Effects of tree spacing on the suction response during rainfall
83(2)
4.3 Case study 2: A cut slope of expansive clay slope in Zaoyang, China
85(6)
4.3.1 Grass effects on infiltration characteristics
88(1)
4.3.2 Grass effects on soil pore-water pressure
89(2)
4.4 Case study 3: A natural saprolitic hillslope in Hong Kong
91(11)
4.4.1 Plant-induced changes in soil hydrology
95(2)
4.4.2 Plant effects on slope hydrological responses
97(1)
4.4.3 Transpiration effects on the stress-deformation characteristic of the slope
98(8)
4.4.3.1 During the rainstorm from 5 to 9 June 2008
98(3)
4.4.3.2 During the dry season
101(1)
4.5
Chapter summary
102(3)
5 Theoretical modelling of plant hydrological effects on matric suction and slope stability 105(22)
5.1 Introduction
105(1)
5.2 Plant transpiration-induced changes in matric suction and slope stability
106(12)
5.2.1 Governing equations
106(3)
5.2.2 Steady-state solutions
109(4)
5.2.3 Transient-state solutions
113(1)
5.2.4 Root architecture effects on soil matric suction
114(3)
5.2.4.1 Effects of root architecture on steady-state PWP
114(1)
5.2.4.2 Effects of root architecture on transient-state PWP
115(1)
5.2.4.3 Effects of root depth
116(1)
5.2.5 Root architecture effects on slope stability
117(1)
5.3 Root-induced changes in soil hydraulic properties
118(6)
5.3.1 Theoretical modelling
118(3)
5.3.2 Plant effects on matric suction
121(1)
5.3.3 Plant effects on slope stability
122(2)
5.4
Chapter summary
124(3)
6 Effects of plant on slope hydrology, stability and failure mechanisms: Geotechnical centrifuge modelling 127(32)
6.1 Introduction
127(4)
6.1.1 Fundamental principles of centrifuge modelling
127(2)
6.1.2 The state-of-the-art geotechnical centrifuge at HKUST
129(1)
6.1.3 Centrifuge modelling of the behaviour of vegetated slopes
129(2)
6.2 Mechanical root reinforcement of soil slopes
131(5)
6.2.1 Performance of bare slopes
132(2)
6.2.2 Effects of mechanical root reinforcement on slope stability and failure mechanisms
134(2)
6.2.2.1 Observation of slope failure mode
134(1)
6.2.2.2 Slope stability back-analysis
134(2)
6.3 Artificial roots for modelling both plant hydrological and mechanical effects
136(6)
6.3.1 Design and working principle
136(2)
6.3.2 Performance of the root system
138(4)
6.4 Effects of transpiration on root pull-out resistance
142(4)
6.4.1 Effects of root architecture on the PWP distribution (i.e., matric suction)
142(2)
6.4.2 Effects of transpiration-induced suction on pull-out resistance
144(2)
6.4.3 Effects of root architecture on pull-out resistance 14S
6.5 Plant hydro-mechanical effects on slope behaviour
146(11)
6.5.1 Effects of plant root architecture on slope hydrology
147(5)
6.5.1.1 Responses of pore-water pressure during the simulation of transpiration
147(2)
6.5.1.2 Responses of pore-water pressure during rainfall
149(3)
6.5.2 Plant effects on slope stability
152(3)
6.5.3 Effects of root architecture on the failure mechanisms of 60° slopes
155(2)
6.6
Chapter summary
157(2)
References 159(16)
Author index 175(4)
Subject index 179
Professor Charles W. W. Ng, PhD, CEng, FICE, FASCE, FHKIE, FHKEng

Professor Ng is an Associate Vice-President for Research and Development and the CLP Holdings Chair Professor of Sustainability in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). He obtained his PhD degree from the University of Bristol in 1993 and carried out postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge between 1993 and 1995. He returned to Hong Kong and joined HKUST as an Assistant Professor in 1995, rose through the ranks to become a Chair Professor of civil and structural engineering in 2011 and was conferred the CLP named chair in 2017. Professor Ng was elected as the President of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) in September 2017 for a four-year term.

Professor Ng was also elected as an Overseas Fellow at Churchill College, the University of Cambridge, in 2005 and a Changjiang Scholar (Chair Professor of geotechnical engineering) by the Ministry of Education of China in 2010. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers (FICE), the American Society of Civil Engineers (FASCE), the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (FHKIE), and the Hong Kong Academy of Engineering Sciences (FHKEng). Currently, he is an Associate Editor of the Canadian Geotechnical Journal, an Editor of Landslides, and an editorial board member of many other international journals.

Professor Ng has published some 300 SCI journal articles and 230 conference papers and delivered more than 50 keynotes and state-of-the-art reports worldwide. He also delivered the 2017 Huangwenxi Lecture () on "Atmosphere-plant-soil Interactions: Theories and Mechanisms" organized by the Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering and held at Tsinghua University, Beijing. The Huangwenxi Lecture is the most prestigious named geotechnical lecture in China. He is also the main author of two reference books: (i) Soil-structure Engineering of Deep Foundations, Excavations and Tunnels and (ii) Unsaturated Soil Mechanics and Engineering. He has supervised 46 PhD and 42 MPhil students to graduation since 1995.

Professor Anthony K. Leung, PhD

Professor Leung is an Assistant Professor of geotechnical engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at HKUST. Prior to his appointment at HKUST, he was a Lecturer (20122016), and subsequently promoted to a Senior Lecturer (20162018), in civil engineering at the University of Dundee, UK. Professor Leung is currently the Associate Director of the Geotechnical Centrifuge Facility at HKUST and the Editor-in-Chief of the Bulletin of the ISSMGE. He is an editorial board member of various major international journals including the Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Landslides and Proceedings of the Institution of Civil EngineersGeotechnical Engineering. Over the last 10 years, he has published more than 40 SCI journal articles in the field of soil bioengineering and its application to soil slope stabilisation.

Dr Jun-jun Ni, PhD

Dr Jun-jun Ni is a postdoctoral fellow at HKUST. He completed his bachelors and masters degrees at Hohai University, Nanjing, China, prior to obtaining his PhD degree at HKUST in 2017. His research interests include field monitoring, laboratory testing and numerical modelling of atmosphere-plant-soil interaction and its effects on the engineering performance of soil slopes and landfill covers. Dr Ni has published in prominent journals such as Géotechnique, the Canadian Geotechnical Journal and Computers and Geotechnics.