| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
| Abbreviations and Notations |
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xxiii | |
| Author Contact Information |
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xxxix | |
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Chapter 1 Magnetospheric Sheets: Main Properties, Structure, Expansion, and Particle Transport |
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1 | (72) |
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1.1 Main Properties of the Plasmas/Current/Magnetic Sheets |
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1 | (12) |
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1.2 Plasmas, Magnetic, and Current Sheets Thickness and Structure |
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13 | (17) |
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1.3 Plasmas and Magnetic Sheets Expansion, Magnetic Flux and Particle Acceleration/Transport |
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30 | (26) |
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1.4 Current Sheets Expansion, Magnetic Flux and Particle Transport |
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56 | (17) |
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63 | (10) |
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Chapter 2 Turbulence and Fluctuations, Instabilities, Storm Time Variations, Fast Flows, Temperature Anisotropies, and Magnetic Field Structure in Magnetospheric Sheets |
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73 | (88) |
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2.1 Turbulence and Fluctuations in the Magnetospheric Plasma Sheet |
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73 | (17) |
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2.2 Instabilities in the Plasma and Current Sheets |
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90 | (9) |
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2.3 Storm Time Plasma Sheet |
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99 | (7) |
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2.4 Earthward Fast Flows in the Plasma Sheet |
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106 | (21) |
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2.5 Electron and Ion Temperature Anisotropies and Asimmetries in the Geomagnetospheric Sheathes |
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127 | (4) |
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2.6 Magnetic Field in the Magnetosheath |
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131 | (30) |
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146 | (15) |
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Chapter 3 Magnetospheric Sheets: Bifurcation and Flapping, Pressure Gradients, Influence of Solar Wind and IMF Conditions, ULF, EUV, Auroral Arc Waves, Dipolarization and Antidipolarization Fronts, Parallel Electric Fields, Plasmoids and Jets |
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161 | (68) |
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3.1 Bifurcated Current Sheet and Flapping Motions |
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161 | (7) |
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3.2 Pressure Gradients in the Plasma Sheet |
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168 | (6) |
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3.3 Influence of Solar Wind and IMF Conditions, as Well as Geomagnetic Activity on Plasma Sheet |
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174 | (14) |
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3.4 ULF, EUV, Auroral Arc Waves, and Other Waves in the Plasma/Magneto Sheaths |
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188 | (4) |
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3.5 Aurora and Plasma Sheet Dynamics |
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192 | (2) |
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3.6 Interaction between Terrestrial Plasma Sheet and the Lunar Surface |
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194 | (1) |
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3.7 Dipolarization and Antidipolarization Fronts in the Magnetotail Plasma Sheet |
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195 | (4) |
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3.8 Parallel Electric Fields, Entropy Distribution, and Ionospheric Cold Ions in Plasma Sheet |
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199 | (2) |
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3.9 Plasmoids and Jets in Magnetosheath |
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201 | (1) |
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3.10 Properties and Processes in the Current Sheets |
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202 | (27) |
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218 | (11) |
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Chapter 4 Main Properties, Onset and Expansion Phases of Substorms |
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229 | (70) |
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4.1 Main Properties of Substorms |
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229 | (5) |
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4.2 Onset and Expansion Phase of Substorms |
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234 | (11) |
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4.3 Events Near Substorm Onset |
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245 | (2) |
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4.4 Models and Simulations for Substorm Expansion Phase Onset |
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247 | (4) |
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4.5 Substorms in the Earth's Tail and Plasma Sheet |
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251 | (11) |
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4.6 Substorm Trigger Processes |
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262 | (6) |
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4.7 Observations of Individual Substorms |
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268 | (3) |
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4.8 Location of the Substorm Onset |
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271 | (2) |
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4.9 Relationship between the Conditions in the Interplanetary Space and the Substorm Expansion Phase |
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273 | (5) |
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4.10 Substorm Breakup and Pseudobreakup |
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278 | (1) |
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4.11 Substorms and auroras |
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279 | (5) |
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4.12 Subauroral Polarization Stream Intensification during Substorms |
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284 | (1) |
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4.13 Measurements of the Substorm Current Wedge |
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285 | (14) |
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286 | (13) |
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Chapter 5 Substorms: Reconnections, Particle Acceleration, and Statistical Studies |
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299 | (88) |
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5.1 Reconnection, Convection, Turbulence, and Magnetospheric Disruptions |
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299 | (6) |
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5.2 Phenomena Induced Magnetic Reconnection |
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305 | (2) |
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5.3 Phenomena Accompanied Magnetic Reconnection |
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307 | (23) |
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5.4 Particle Acceleration during Reconnection |
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330 | (4) |
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5.5 Observations of Magnetic Reconnections |
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334 | (4) |
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5.6 Reconnection Rate, FTEs and NFTEs |
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338 | (4) |
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5.7 THEMIS Substorm Events Implying Magnetic Reconnection as the Substorm Trigger |
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342 | (1) |
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5.8 Magnetic Reconnection and Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities |
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343 | (1) |
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5.9 Magnetic Reconnection and Tearing Instability, Turbulence, Asymmetry, Power Density, Gyrotropy, Electron Pressure Anisotropy, Field-Aligned Currents, Alfvenic Resonance Layers |
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344 | (8) |
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5.10 Collisionless and Spontaneous Magnetic Reconnections, Exhaust Jets |
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352 | (3) |
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5.11 Statistical Studies of Open Magnetic Flux And Energy Release at Substorm Onset |
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355 | (1) |
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5.12 Statistical Studies of Isolated and Non- Isolated Substorms |
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356 | (5) |
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5.13 Relation between Solar Wind/IMF and Substorm Dynamics |
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361 | (1) |
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5.14 Magnetotail Flux Transport and Magnetotail Activity during Substorms |
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362 | (2) |
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5.15 Statistical Studies of Magnetospheric Substorms and PC Index, Using Ground-Based Magnetometer Stations, Growth and Spatial Scales of the Substorm Onset Arc |
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364 | (2) |
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5.16 Investigations of Magnetic Reconnection in the Boundary Regions of the Geomagnetosphere (Particularly Along Its Dayside Boundary with the Solar Wind and the Neutral Sheet in Magnetotail) |
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366 | (21) |
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372 | (15) |
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Chapter 6 Modeling and Simulation of Magnetospheric Substorms and Related Phenomena |
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387 | (66) |
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6.1 Multiscale and Multifractal Models |
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387 | (4) |
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6.2 MHD and Global Particle Simulations |
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391 | (10) |
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401 | (1) |
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6.4 Substorms as Nonequilibrium Magnetosphere Transitions |
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402 | (1) |
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6.5 Models with Anisotropic Pressure |
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402 | (3) |
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6.6 Spontaneous Fast and Steady-State Reconnection Models |
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405 | (3) |
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6.7 Asymmetric Reconnection |
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408 | (1) |
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6.8 Coupling of Charged Particles via Coulombic Interactions |
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409 | (1) |
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6.9 Modeling a Force-Free FTE during Substorms and Rice Convection Model |
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410 | (2) |
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6.10 Outside--in and inside--out Scenarios; Nonlinear Dynamical Bifurcation Model |
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412 | (1) |
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6.11 Mechanism of Substorm Current Wedge Formation |
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412 | (2) |
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6.12 State Space Model and Advances in Understanding Substorm Dynamics |
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414 | (1) |
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6.13 Substorms: Pre-Onset Arc, as response to IMF Discontinuities, Modeling Spontaneous Reconnection, Birkeland Currents, and Westward Traveling Surge |
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415 | (2) |
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6.14 Substorms and Auroral Phenomena |
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417 | (15) |
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6.15 Multiscale Phenomena Associated with Substorms |
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432 | (2) |
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6.16 Substorms and Magnetic Field Dipolarizations |
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434 | (9) |
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6.17 Formation of Downstream High-Speed Jets |
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443 | (10) |
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444 | (9) |
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Chapter 7 Substorms Energetics, Relation with Magnetic Storms, Pulsations, Turbulence, Plasma Bubbles, Substorm Index, and Jets |
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453 | (40) |
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7.1 Substorms and Geomagnetosphere Energetics |
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453 | (6) |
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7.2 Relation between Substorms and Magnetic Storms |
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459 | (3) |
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7.3 Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) during Substorms |
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462 | (1) |
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7.4 Energetic Charged Particles during Substorms |
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463 | (10) |
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7.5 Substorms and Plasmas-Energetic Processes in the Ionosphere |
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473 | (6) |
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7.6 Substorms and Magnetic Activity, Pulsations, Turbulence, Plasma Bubbles, New Substorm Index, Space Climate, CR Asymptotic Directions, X-Ray Emission, Polarization Jet and Injection Boundary of Energetic Ions |
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479 | (14) |
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486 | (7) |
| References for Monographs and Books |
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493 | (10) |
| Object Index |
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503 | (10) |
| Author Index |
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513 | |
