| Contributors |
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xi | |
| About the editors |
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xv | |
| Preface |
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xvii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
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Section 1 Waste plastics--problems and opportunities |
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1 | (58) |
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1 Polymers and plastics: Types, properties, and manufacturing |
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3 | (26) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2 Polymers: Classifications and properties |
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5 | (15) |
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20 | (6) |
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26 | (3) |
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26 | (3) |
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2 Thermo-mechanical, rheological, and chemical properties of recycled plastics |
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29 | (14) |
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29 | (2) |
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2.2 Thermo-mechanical and rheological properties of waste plastics |
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31 | (2) |
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2.3 Chemical properties of waste plastics |
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33 | (5) |
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2.4 Proximate and elemental properties of waste plastics |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (5) |
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38 | (5) |
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3 "Road-grade" recycled plastics: A critical discussion |
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43 | (16) |
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43 | (2) |
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3.2 A conversation about responsible recycling |
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45 | (1) |
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3.3 Learning from the past |
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46 | (1) |
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3.4 The use of recycled tire rubber in asphalt |
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46 | (1) |
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3.5 The use of recycled asphalt shingles |
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47 | (1) |
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3.6 The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement |
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48 | (1) |
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3.7 The state of the knowledge |
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49 | (1) |
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3.8 What we know about laboratory performance |
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49 | (3) |
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3.9 What we know about plant operations |
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52 | (1) |
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3.10 What we know about field performance |
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53 | (1) |
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3.11 There are things we need to learn |
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53 | (3) |
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3.12 How do we move forward? |
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56 | (3) |
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57 | (2) |
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Section 2 Waste plastics' effect on bitumen performance |
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59 | (56) |
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4 Rheological performance of soft and rigid waste plastic-modified bitumen and mastics |
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61 | (22) |
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Salvatore Antonio Biancardo |
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61 | (4) |
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4.2 Materials and methods |
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65 | (5) |
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4.3 Results and discussions |
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70 | (9) |
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79 | (4) |
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80 | (3) |
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5 Rheological evaluation of PE waste-modified bitumen with particular emphasis on rutting resistance |
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83 | (14) |
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83 | (2) |
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5.2 Materials and specimen preparation |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (7) |
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95 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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6 Rutting of waste plastic-modified bitumen |
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97 | (18) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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6.3 Linear viscoelastic properties |
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100 | (1) |
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6.4 Failure and damage resistance characterization |
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101 | (2) |
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6.5 Rutting resistance of plastic-modified binders |
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103 | (8) |
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111 | (4) |
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111 | (4) |
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Section 3 Waste plastics' effect on asphalt performance |
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115 | (48) |
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7 Volumetric properties, workability, and mechanical performance of waste plastic-modified asphalt mixtures |
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117 | (28) |
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117 | (2) |
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7.2 Laboratory design of waste plastic-modified asphalt mixtures |
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119 | (7) |
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7.3 Mechanical performance of waste plastic-modified asphalt mixtures |
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126 | (10) |
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7.4 Summary and conclusions |
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136 | (9) |
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137 | (8) |
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8 Fatigue resistance of waste plastic-modified asphalt |
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145 | (18) |
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145 | (1) |
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8.2 Recycled plastic in asphalt pavements |
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146 | (1) |
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8.3 Fatigue testing of asphalt mixtures |
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147 | (2) |
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8.4 Fatigue performance of recycled plastic-modified asphalt |
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149 | (6) |
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8.5 Case study: laboratory fatigue analysis by means of different testing approaches |
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155 | (4) |
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159 | (4) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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Section 4 Combination of waste plastics with other road materials |
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163 | (70) |
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9 The role of new compatibilizers in hybrid combinations of waste plastics and waste vehicle tyres crumb rubber-modified bitumen |
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165 | (14) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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9.3 Results and discussion |
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168 | (6) |
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174 | (5) |
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175 | (4) |
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10 Hybrid combination of waste plastics and graphene for high-performance sustainable roads |
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179 | (36) |
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179 | (2) |
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10.2 Hybrid combination of waste plastic and graphene (GBSm) |
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181 | (5) |
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10.3 Asphalt concrete production with GBSm technology |
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186 | (2) |
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10.4 Environmental performance enhancement of GBSm within a comparative perspective |
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188 | (10) |
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10.5 Performance of asphalt concrete modified with GBSm |
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198 | (12) |
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210 | (5) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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11 Influence of compatibilizers on the storage stability of hybrid polymer-modified bitumen |
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215 | (18) |
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215 | (2) |
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11.2 Materials and methods |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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11.4 Results and discussion |
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220 | (9) |
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229 | (4) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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Section 5 Potential environmental issues of waste plastics in roads |
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233 | (38) |
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12 Fuming and emissions of waste plastics in bitumen at high temperature |
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235 | (22) |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (3) |
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12.3 Results and discussion |
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241 | (10) |
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251 | (1) |
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12.5 Limitations and recommendations for future works |
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252 | (5) |
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252 | (5) |
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13 Road dust-associated microplastics from vehicle traffics and weathering |
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257 | (14) |
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257 | (1) |
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13.2 Characteristics of road dust-associated microplastics |
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258 | (4) |
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13.3 Microplastics derived from roads and vehicle traffics |
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262 | (4) |
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13.4 Microplastics generation due to weathering process |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (5) |
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267 | (4) |
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Section 6 Life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis of waste plastics in roads |
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271 | (64) |
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14 Life cycle assessment (LCA) of using recycled plastic waste in road pavements: Theoretical modeling |
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273 | (30) |
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14.1 Overview of the plastic waste management system |
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273 | (3) |
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14.2 Using plastic recyclates in asphalt mixtures |
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276 | (1) |
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14.3 Life cycle assessment |
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277 | (7) |
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14.4 Life cycle assessment of plastic waste management systems |
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284 | (3) |
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14.5 Conceptual example of a consequential life cycle assessment study on the use of plastic materials in asphalt mixtures |
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287 | (5) |
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14.6 Additional considerations and perspectives on the life cycle assessment modeling of the use of plastic recyclates in road pavements |
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292 | (4) |
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14.7 Final remarks and conclusions |
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296 | (7) |
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297 | (6) |
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15 Environmental product declarations (EPDs)/product category rules (PCRs) of waste plastics and recycled materials in roads |
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303 | (32) |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (1) |
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15.3 Background of environmental product declarations (EPDs) |
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307 | (4) |
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15.4 Life cycle assessment of asphalt mixtures with recycled plastics: Key considerations and data needs |
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311 | (4) |
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15.5 Current environmental product declaration programs for asphalt mixtures |
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315 | (5) |
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15.6 Pathways to develop and use environmental product declarations of asphalt mixtures with recycled plastics |
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320 | (8) |
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15.7 Conclusions and recommendations |
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328 | (7) |
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329 | (6) |
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335 | (44) |
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16 Application of plastic-modified asphalt for the reconstruction of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa, Italy |
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337 | (24) |
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337 | (1) |
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16.2 San Giorgio viaduct--first-and second-level executive project |
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338 | (8) |
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16.3 Improved pavement design proposal--third-level executive project |
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346 | (2) |
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16.4 Comparison of pavements' performance: Second- vs. third-level executive project |
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348 | (2) |
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16.5 The pavement of the San Giorgio viaduct: From mix design to traffic opening |
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350 | (8) |
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16.6 Conclusions of the study |
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358 | (3) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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17 Sustainable alternatives for the reuse of plastic waste in asphalt mixtures: From the laboratory to the field |
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361 | (18) |
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361 | (2) |
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17.2 Recycled polyethylene |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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17.5 Construction of the test sections |
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366 | (1) |
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17.6 Laboratory test results |
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367 | (7) |
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17.7 Evaluation of the test sections |
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374 | (2) |
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17.8 Summary and conclusions |
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376 | (3) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (2) |
| Index |
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379 | |
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