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El. knyga: Plasticity in Sensory Systems

Edited by (York University, Toronto), Edited by (York University, Toronto)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Dec-2012
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139603768
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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Dec-2012
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781139603768
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Plasticity is a fundamental property of neural development and learning in living organisms. It also contributes to problems associated with aging and degenerative processes. Understanding neural plasticity has huge implications for those seeking to recover from brain injury or sensory deprivation and regular folk vying to improve their skills and ability. Centered on three themes, this book explores the latest research in plasticity in sensory systems, with a focus primarily on visual and auditory systems. It covers a breadth of recent scientific study within the field including research on healthy systems and diseased models of sensory processing. Topics include visual and visuomotor learning, models of how the brain codes visual information, sensory adaptations in vision and hearing as a result of partial or complete visual loss in childhood, plasticity in the adult visual system, and plasticity across the senses, as well as new techniques in vision recovery, rehabilitation, and sensory substitution of other senses when one sense is lost. This unique edited volume, the fruit of an International Conference on Plastic Vision held at York University, Toronto, will provide students and scientists with an overview of the ongoing research related to sensory plasticity and perspectives on the direction of future work in the field.

This broad exploration of research in plasticity in sensory systems focuses on visual and auditory systems. Topics include visual and visuomotor learning, sensory adaptations as a result of visual loss in childhood, plasticity in the adult visual system, plasticity across the senses, and new techniques in vision recovery, rehabilitation, and sensory substitution.

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This broad exploration of research in plasticity in sensory systems focuses on visual and auditory systems.
List of Contributors
ix
1 Plasticity in Sensory Systems
1(8)
Jennifer K. E. Steeves
Laurence R. Harris
I Visual and Visuomotor Plasticity
2 The Distributed Nature of Visual Object Learning
9(24)
Hans P. Op de Beeck
Introduction
9(2)
Human Imaging: Partially Distributed Learning Effects
11(8)
Learning at the Single-Cell Level
19(8)
Conclusion
27(6)
3 Motor Adaptation and Proprioceptive Recalibration
33(16)
Danielle Salomonczyk
Erin K. Cressman
Denise Y. P. Henriques
Introduction
33(1)
Sensory Recalibration with Prism Displacement
34(1)
Sensory Recalibration with Virtual Reality
35(1)
Recalibrating Hand Path
36(1)
Recalibrating Hand Position
37(7)
Relationship Between Recalibration and Adaptation
44(5)
4 Deficits and Adaptation of Eye-Hand Coordination During Visually Guided Reaching Movements in People with Amblyopia
49(26)
Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo
Herbert C. Goltz
Agnes M. F. Wong
Introduction
49(2)
Overview of Our Study Design
51(1)
Effects of Amblyopia on Saccades
52(3)
Effects of Amblyopia on Visually Guided Reaching
55(7)
Effects of Amblyopia on Temporal Eye-Hand Coordination During Reaching
62(4)
Future Directions
66(9)
II Plasticity in Childhood
5 Human Visual Plasticity: Lessons from Children Treated for Congenital Cataracts
75(19)
Daphne Maurer
Terri Lewis
Acuity
76(2)
Higher-Level Vision
78(4)
Summary of Experimental Findings on Human Binocular Deprivation
82(1)
Implications for Critical Periods
82(4)
Unanswered Questions
86(2)
Summary
88(6)
6 Living with One Eye: Plasticity in Visual and Auditory Systems
94(20)
Krista R. Kelly
Stefania S. Moro
Jennifer K. E. Steeves
Seeing with One Eye: Objects and the World Around Us
96(3)
Seeing with One Eye: Motion in the World Around Us
99(1)
Brain's Response to Losing One Eye
100(4)
Effect of Loss of One Eye on Nonvisual Tasks
104(1)
Hearing with One Eye: Locating Where Sounds Originate
105(1)
Living with One Eye: Putting Sights and Sounds Together
106(2)
Living with One Eye: Adaptive Strategies for Everyday Life
108(6)
7 Building the Brain in the Dark: Functional and Specific Crossmodal Reorganization in the Occipital Cortex of Blind Individuals
114(24)
Olivier Collignon
Giulia Dormal
Franco Lepore
Introduction
114(1)
Crossmodal Reorganization in Occipital Cortex of Early Blind
115(1)
Functional Specificity in Crossmodal Reorganization
116(5)
Critical Periods for Crossmodal Reorganization
121(1)
Putative Mechanisms for Crossmodal Reorganization
122(2)
Outcomes of Visual Restoration and Rehabilitation
124(14)
8 Crossmodal Plasticity in Early Blindness
138(17)
Josef P. Rauschecker
Introduction
138(1)
Expansion of Whisker-Barrel System in Early-Blind Animals
138(1)
Sound Localization in the Blind
139(2)
Neural Basis of Improved Sound Localization in Blind Animals
141(2)
Neuroimaging of Auditory Spatial Functions in Blind Humans
143(5)
Conclusions
148(7)
III Plasticity in Adulthood and Vision Rehabilitation
9 Visual Plasticity of the Adult Brain
155(20)
Robert F. Hess
Benjamin Thompson
Historical Preamble
155(2)
Monocular Visual Function
157(8)
Binocular Visual Function
165(2)
Mechanisms of Visual Plasticity
167(4)
Conclusions
171(4)
10 Beyond the Critical Period: Acquiring Stereopsis in Adulthood
175(21)
Susan R. Barry
11 Plasticity and Restoration after Visual System Damage: Clinical Applications of the "Residual Vision Activation Theory"
196(33)
Carolin Gall
Bernhard A. Sabel
Spontaneous Recovery of Visual Fields after Central Visual System Lesions
197(2)
Residual Vision at the Visual Field Border and Its Importance for Recovery Prospects Following Visual Field Training
199(5)
Activating Residual Vision by Training
204(7)
Activating Residual Vision by Transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation
211(7)
"Network" Plasticity and "Within-Systems" Plasticity: Mechanisms of Vision Restoration
218(2)
Long-Term Potentiation and Neuronal Synchronization
220(1)
Conclusion
221(8)
12 Applying Plasticity to Visual Rehabilitation in Adulthood
229(26)
Shachar Maidenbaum
Amir Amedi
Introduction
229(1)
The Challenge of Visual Rehabilitation
230(2)
Current Attempts at Visual Rehabilitation
232(10)
Importance of Time and Patience in Visual Rehabilitation
242(1)
Importance of Training and Learning Visual Principles
242(1)
Learning from Subjects and the Technological Advantage
243(1)
What Is the Neural Basis for these Optimistic Results?
244(4)
What these Lessons Teach Us About the Potential for Visual Rehabilitation
248(2)
Conclusion
250(5)
Author Index 255(19)
Subject Index 274
Jennifer K. E. Steeves is Associate Professor of Psychology at York University, Toronto. She is a cognitive neuroscientist who works in the area of sensory plasticity. Laurence R. Harris is Professor of Psychology at York University, Toronto and Director of the Centre for Vision Research at York University. He is a neuroscientist with a background in sensory processes.