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El. knyga: Plastics Waste Management: Processing and Disposal

(Canterbury, UK)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Sep-2019
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119556183
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Plastics Waste Management: Processing and DisposalDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Sep-2019
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119556183
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The book provides clear explanations for newcomers to the subject as well as contemporary details and theory for the experienced user in plastics waste management.

It is seldom that a day goes by without another story or photo regarding the problem of plastics waste in the oceans or landfills. While important efforts are being made to clear up the waste, this book looks at the underlying causes and focuses on plastics waste management. Plastics manufacturers have been slow to recognize their environmental impact compared with more directly polluting industries. However, the environmental pressures concerning plastics have forced the industry to examine their own recycling operations and implement plastics waste management.

Plastics Waste Management realizes two ideals: That all plastics should be able to persist for as long as plastics are required, and that all plastics are recycled in a uniform manner regardless of the length of time for which it persists. The book examines plastics waste management and systems for the environment, as well the management approaches and techniques which are appropriate for managing the environment. It serves as an excellent and thoughtful plastics waste management handbook.

This groundbreaking book:

  • Identifies deficiencies in plastics waste management
  • Extrapolates from experiences to draw some conclusions about plastics waste for persistence
  • Describes methods how the waste related processing techniques should be used in recycling
  • Shows how the consumer and industry can assess the performance of plastics waste management
  • Explains waste utilization by recycling techniques as well as waste reduction
  • Life cycle assessment as an important technique for recycling of persistent plastics waste.
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1(6)
References
4(3)
2 Plastics and Additives 7(30)
2.1 Polymers
7(1)
2.2 Plastics
8(1)
2.3 Plastics Raw Material
9(1)
2.4 Thermoplastics
9(10)
2.4.1 Polyolefin
10(6)
2.4.1.1 Polyethylene
11(1)
2.4.1.2 Polypropylene
12(2)
2.4.1.3 Polystyrene
14(1)
2.4.1.4 Polyvinyl Chloride
14(2)
2.4.2 Polyester
16(1)
2.4.3 Polycarbonate
17(1)
2.4.4 Polyamide
18(1)
2.4.5 Biodegradable Plastics
18(1)
2.5 Thermosets
19(1)
2.5.1 Phenol-formaldehyde
20(1)
2.5.2 Unsaturated Polyester
20(1)
2.6 Additives
20(9)
2.6.1 Antioxidants
22(1)
2.6.2 Slip Additives
22(1)
2.6.3 Ultraviolet Stabilizers
23(1)
2.6.4 Heat Stabilizers
23(1)
2.6.5 Plasticizers
24(1)
2.6.6 Lubricants
25(1)
2.6.7 Flame Retardants
25(1)
2.6.8 Mold Release Agents
26(2)
2.6.9 Nucleating Agents
28(1)
2.6.10 Fillers
29(1)
2.7 Plastics - Applications
29(1)
2.8 Remarks
30(1)
References
30(7)
3 Plastics and Environment 37(16)
3.1 Plastics and Conventional Materials - Comparison
37(2)
3.2 Effects of Plastics Products and Environment
39(1)
3.3 Landsite Effects
39(1)
3.4 Chemical Environment
39(1)
3.5 Marine Environment
40(2)
3.6 Packaging Materials
42(1)
3.7 Agricultural Fields
42(1)
3.8 Waste Accumulation
43(1)
3.9 Degradation of Plastics
43(3)
3.9.1 Process Degradation
43(2)
3.9.2 Environmental Degradation
45(1)
3.10 Environmental Burdens
46(1)
3.11 Industrial Ecosystem
47(1)
3.12 Remarks
47(1)
References
47(6)
4 Plastics Processing Technology 53(20)
4.1 Background
53(1)
4.2 Management - Plastics Processing
54(1)
4.3 Plastic Materials - Variations
55(1)
4.4 Technology
56(11)
4.4.1 Injection Molding
58(2)
4.4.2 Blow Molding
60(2)
4.4.3 Extrusion
62(1)
4.4.4 Thermoforming
63(1)
4.4.5 Rotational Molding
64(2)
4.4.6 Compression Molding
66(1)
4.5 Productivity and Task
67(1)
4.6 Waste Processing
68(1)
4.7 Reprocess Material in Plastics Processing
69(1)
4.8 Challenges and Opportunities
70(1)
4.9 Remarks
71(1)
References
71(2)
5 Plastics Waste - Consumer and Industry 73(24)
5.1 Background
74(1)
5.2 Plastics Waste
74(1)
5.3 Polyolefin
75(1)
5.4 Polypropylene
76(1)
5.5 Polystyrene
76(1)
5.6 Polyvinylchloride
76(1)
5.7 Bioplastics
77(1)
5.8 Additives and Environment
78(2)
5.8.1 Heat Stabilizers
78(1)
5.8.2 Plasticizers
78(1)
5.8.3 Flame Retardants
79(1)
5.8.4 Compatibilizers
79(1)
5.9 Technological Aspects
80(1)
5.10 Factors Influencing Plastics Waste
80(1)
5.11 Waste Resources
81(5)
5.11.1 Domestic Waste
81(1)
5.11.2 Packaging Waste
82(1)
5.11.3 E-Waste
83(1)
5.11.4 Automotive Waste
84(1)
5.11.5 Medical Plastics Waste
84(1)
5.11.6 Agriculture Plastics Waste
85(1)
5.11.7 Marine Plastics Waste
85(1)
5.11.8 Mixed or Contaminated Plastics
86(1)
5.12 Plastics Waste Reduction
86(2)
5.13 Advantages of Waste Prevention
88(1)
5.14 Waste Reduction and Performance
89(1)
5.15 Recovery of Plastics
89(1)
5.16 Remarks
90(1)
References
91(6)
6 Plastics Waste Management 97(18)
6.1 Principles
97(1)
6.2 Objective
98(1)
6.3 Requirements
98(1)
6.4 Management Concept
99(1)
6.5 Waste Collection
99(1)
6.6 Separation and Cleaning
100(1)
6.7 Scientific Thinking
101(1)
6.8 Outcome
101(1)
6.9 Effective Management
101(1)
6.10 Dynamic Thinking
102(1)
6.11 Multi-Phase Approach
103(1)
6.12 Significance
103(1)
6.13 Progressive Management Characteristics
104(1)
6.14 Risks in Plastics Waste Management
105(1)
6.15 Factors - Affect, Suffer, and Influence
105(1)
6.16 Operational Problems
106(1)
6.17 Sustainability and Symbolic Management
106(1)
6.18 Environmental Conservation
107(1)
6.19 Decision-Making Process
107(1)
6.20 Integrated Plastics Waste Management
108(1)
6.21 Assignments
109(1)
6.22 Advantages
110(1)
6.23 Shortcomings
111(1)
References
112(3)
7 Recycling Technology 115(48)
7.1 Man-Made Material - Plastics
116(1)
7.2 Substantial Prerequisite
117(1)
7.3 Philosophy
117(1)
7.4 Purpose of Recycling Technology
118(1)
7.5 Fortune of Plastics Material
119(1)
7.6 Methods of Recycling
119(2)
7.7 Plastics Waste - Stream
121(2)
7.8 Mixed Plastics Waste - Separation
123(1)
7.9 Origination of Plastics Waste
124(1)
7.10 Problems of Recycling and Controls
125(1)
7.10.1 Problems
125(1)
7.10.2 Controls
126(1)
7.11 Physical Characterization and Identification
126(1)
7.12 Recycling - A Resource
127(1)
7.13 Recycling Technology
128(1)
7.14 Primary Recycling
129(1)
7.14.1 Reprocessing Essentials
130(1)
7.15 Mechanical Recycling
130(3)
7.15.1 Limitations
132(1)
7.15.2 Processing Problems
132(1)
7.16 Chemical Recycling
133(3)
7.17 Energy Recovery
136(1)
7.18 Pyrolysis
136(4)
7.19 Types of Reactors and Process Design
140(5)
7.19.1 Batch and Semi-Batch Reactor
140(1)
7.19.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor
141(1)
7.19.3 Conical Spouted Bed Reactor
142(1)
7.19.4 Two-Stage Pyrolysis System
142(1)
7.19.5 Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP)
143(1)
7.19.6 Pyrolysis in Supercritical Water (SCW)
144(1)
7.19.7 Fluid Catalytic Cracking
144(1)
7.20 Thermal Co-Processing
145(1)
7.20.1 Advantages
146(1)
7.21 Gasification
146(1)
7.22 Plastics Waste and Recycling
147(3)
7.22.1 Polyolefin
147(1)
7.22.2 Polyvinyl Chloride
148(1)
7.22.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate
148(2)
7.23 Environmental Burdens
150(2)
7.23.1 Incineration - Open Air
150(1)
7.23.2 Plastics Waste in Concrete
151(1)
7.23.3 Plastics Waste in Tar for Road Laying
151(1)
7.24 Plastics Waste as Blends and Composites
152(1)
7.25 Remarks
153(1)
References
153(10)
8 Economy and Recycle Market 163(20)
8.1 Economical Background
163(1)
8.2 Growth Trajectory
164(1)
8.3 Value of Plastics Waste
164(1)
8.4 Economic Issues
165(1)
8.5 Market Dynamics and Uncertainty
166(1)
8.6 Fiscal Waste
167(1)
8.7 Waste to Value
168(1)
8.8 Industrial Ecology
169(1)
8.9 Industrial Symbioses (IS)
170(1)
8.10 Economic Advantages
171(1)
8.11 Economic Implications
171(1)
8.12 Marketing Strategy
172(1)
8.13 Modern Marketing Philosophy
173(1)
8.14 Recycled Plastics Market
173(2)
8.15 Industrial Marketing
175(1)
8.16 Product Development and Marketing
176(1)
8.17 Recycled Plastic Products and Consumer Market
177(1)
8.18 Remarks
178(1)
References
179(4)
9 Life Cycle Assessment 183(16)
9.1 LCA and Plastics Waste
183(2)
Background
184(1)
9.2 Life Cycle Assessment - A Tool to Assess Waste
185(2)
9.3 Scientific Engineering
187(1)
9.4 Purpose
187(1)
9.5 Harmonization of LCA Method
188(1)
9.6 Methodology
188(1)
9.7 LCA Initiation
189(1)
9.8 LCA in Plastics Waste
190(1)
9.9 Advantages of LCA
191(1)
9.10 Shortcomings of LCA
191(1)
9.11 Environment Waste Auditing
192(1)
9.12 Waste Prevention
193(1)
9.13 Remarks
194(1)
References
194(5)
10 Case Studies 199(20)
10.1 Waste Dump and Health Hazards
199(1)
10.2 Utilization of Plastics Waste
200(5)
10.2.1 Europe
201(1)
10.2.2 India
201(1)
10.2.3 Japan
202(1)
10.2.4 France
203(1)
10.2.5 Other Countries
204(1)
10.3 Use of Case Studies
205(1)
10.4 Property Value
206(1)
10.5 Case Study 1: Plastics Waste from the Electric and Electronic Field
206(4)
10.5.1 Concept
206(1)
10.5.2 Objective
207(1)
10.5.3 Methodology
207(1)
10.5.4 Experimental Method
208(2)
10.5.5 Results
210(1)
10.5.6 Conclusion
210(1)
10.6 Case Study 2: Plastics Waste from the Automobile Industry
210(3)
10.6.1 Background
210(1)
10.6.2 Design
211(1)
10.6.3 Disposal and Recovery
211(1)
10.6.3.1 Recycling of Bumpers
211(1)
10.6.4 Inference
211(2)
10.7 Pros and Cons
213(1)
10.7.1 Positive Thinking
213(1)
10.7.2 Negative Effects
213(1)
10.8 Research and Case Study
214(1)
10.9 Remarks
214(1)
References
215(4)
11 Present Trends 219(8)
11.1 Economic Issues
219(1)
11.2 Industry and Society
220(1)
11.3 Landfilling
220(1)
11.4 Effect of Single-Use Plastic Products
221(1)
11.5 Effect on Food Packaging
221(1)
11.6 Recycling Status
222(1)
11.7 Present Research and Shortcomings
222(1)
11.8 Population Growth and Waste
223(1)
11.9 Remarks
224(1)
References
224(3)
12 Future Trends 227(10)
12.1 Present Problems
227(1)
12.2 Incineration in Open Air
228(1)
12.3 Environmental Advantages
229(1)
12.4 Plastics Waste - Challenge
229(1)
12.5 Environmental and Social Problems - Prevention
230(1)
12.6 Reasons - Waste Accumulation
231(1)
12.7 Ecological Issues
232(1)
12.8 Facts about Bioplastics
232(1)
12.9 Future Requirements
233(1)
12.10 Remarks
234(1)
References
235(2)
Index 237
Muralisrinivasan Natamai Subramanian is a consultant in the field of plastics technology, specializing in materials, additives, and processing equipment, including troubleshooting. He obtained his BSc in chemistry from Madurai Kamaraj University and his MSc in polymer technology from Bharathiar University in 1988. He received his postgraduate diploma in plastics processing technology from Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India. He also holds a doctorate in polymer science from Madurai Kamaraj University. He worked in the plastic processing industry, mainly in R&D, for 13 years before entering into consultancy and building up an international client base. Muralisrinivasan holds seminars on plastics processing and serves as a Board of Studies Expert Member of Colleges in India, dealing with technology curricula. He has authored multiple books for the Wiley-Scrivener imprint.
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