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Police & Society 6th Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

3.48/5 (44 ratings by Goodreads)
(Wayne State University), (San Jose State University), (Kutztown University of Pennsylvania), (University of Missouri - Kansas City)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 576 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 257x212x23 mm, weight: 1026 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Oct-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199300887
  • ISBN-13: 9780199300884
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Police & Society 6th Revised editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 576 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 257x212x23 mm, weight: 1026 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Oct-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199300887
  • ISBN-13: 9780199300884
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780199300884.html
Raktažodžiai:
Police & Society offers an in-depth and analytical look at the process of policing, from police behavior and organization to operations and historical perspectives. Focusing on the relationship between the police and the community and how it has changed throughout the years, the authors explore the most important theoretical foundations and incisive research on contemporary policing and show how that research is put into practice. Now in its sixth edition, this unique text incorporates expanded coverage of police technology, homeland security, privacy and surveillance, immigration, and evidence-based practices and includes the most current scholarship. A new companion website (www.oup.com/us/roberg) features an online student study guide, animated flashcards, and self-quizzes.

Recenzijos

Police & Society is a very well organized, concisely written, and well informed text that meshes professional perspectives from the field with scholarly academic research. The text is flexible in that it can be utilized by both criminal justice and non-criminal justice majors. Professors would be challenged to find a text that synthesizes a similar amount of information and research as relevant to the policing field as this one. * Jeremy G. Carter, IUPUI * An excellent presentation of policing research that does not lose sight of the realities of policing in modern America. * Willard M. Oliver, Sam Houston State University *

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xiv
About the Authors xv
PART I POLICING FOUNDATIONS
1(126)
Chapter 1 Police in a Democracy
2(28)
Policing a Free Society
4(5)
Police and Government
5(1)
Police and Rule of Law
6(1)
Police, Terrorism, and Homeland Security
7(2)
Police Systems
9(2)
The U.S. Police System
11(7)
Other Types of Law Enforcement Agencies
15(1)
Similarities and Differences
16(2)
Police Role and Purpose
18(7)
Law Enforcement or Politics?
20(1)
Crime Fighting or Social Service?
21(1)
Proactive or Reactive?
21(1)
Police Activities and Workload
21(2)
Police Goals and Strategies
23(2)
Looking Ahead
25(1)
Summary
26(4)
Chapter 2 Police History
30(28)
Foundations of Policing
31(6)
Early Policing
31(2)
Policing in Nineteenth-Century England
33(2)
The Emergence of Modern Policing in the United States
35(1)
The First City Police Forces
35(2)
The County Sheriff
37(1)
Vigilance Committees
37(1)
Modern American Policing
38(9)
The Political Era
38(1)
Police Development
38(2)
Criticism in the Political Era
40(1)
The Reform Era
41(6)
Minority Perspectives on the Development of American Police
47(1)
State Police
47(4)
Texas and Massachusetts
47(1)
Pennsylvania
48(1)
Highway Patrol
48(3)
Federal Law Enforcement
51(3)
The Revenue Cutter Service and the U.S. Marshal Service
51(1)
Postal Inspectors
51(1)
The Secret Service
51(1)
The Federal Bureau of Investigation
52(2)
Summary
54(4)
Chapter 3 Legal Issues
58(32)
Criminal Procedure
59(15)
Searches and Seizures of Persons
60(6)
Searches and Seizures of Property
66(6)
Interrogations and Confessions
72(2)
Civil Liability
74(12)
Costs of Liability in Policing
74(2)
Avenues of Liability
76(1)
Civil Liability in State Courts
76(2)
Civil Liability in Federal Courts
78(3)
Emerging Liability Issues for the Twenty-First Century
81(1)
Use of Force
82(1)
Impact on Officers
83(3)
Summary
86(4)
Chapter 4 Police Strategies
90(37)
Evolving Strategies of Policing
91(1)
Landmark Studies of Police Effectiveness
92(3)
Patrol Studies
93(1)
Response Time Studies
94(1)
Criminal Investigation Studies
94(1)
Strategic Developments
95(8)
Improving Crime-Control Effectiveness
95(2)
Improving Police-Community Relations
97(3)
Improving Professionalism
100(2)
Developing Evidence-Based Practices
102(1)
Strategic Alternatives
103(15)
Community Policing
104(7)
Problem-Oriented Policing
111(5)
Intelligence-Led Policing
116(1)
Predictive Policing
117(1)
What Works in Policing
118(2)
Summary
120(7)
PART II POLICE ADMINISTRATION
127(140)
Chapter 5 Police Management
128(34)
The Managerial Process
129(2)
The Development of Police Management
131(4)
Classical Police Management
132(1)
Behavioral Police Management
132(1)
Contemporary Police Management
133(2)
Organizational Design
135(9)
Criticisms of the Paramilitary Design
137(1)
Increasing Influence of Police Paramilitary Units
138(2)
Broken-Windows and Zero-Tolerance Policing
140(1)
Compstat Process
141(2)
Police Legitimacy and Procedural Justice
143(1)
Police Goals and Organizational Performance
144(7)
Supervisory Styles and Officer Behavior
145(1)
Measuring Police Performance
146(3)
Changing Performance Measures
149(2)
Managing Group Behavior
151(4)
Police Subcultures
152(1)
Employee Organizations
153(1)
Police Unions
154(1)
Media Relations
155(1)
Summary
156(6)
Chapter 6 Organizational Change
162(28)
The Change Process
163(3)
Resistance to Change
164(1)
Overcoming Resistance to Change
165(1)
The Madison Experience
166(3)
Laying the Foundation
166(1)
Key Elements to Change
166(1)
Results from Madison
167(2)
The Chicago Experience
169(6)
Laying the Foundation
169(1)
Key Elements to Change
169(1)
Results from Chicago
170(3)
Lessons Learned from Madison and Chicago
173(1)
A Final Lesson: Surviving Leadership Change
174(1)
Police Job Redesign
175(2)
Changing Officer Performance Measures
176(1)
Innovation
177(8)
Compstat as a Change Process
179(2)
Learning Organizations and R&D
181(1)
Police-Researcher Partnerships
182(3)
Utilizing Middle Managers
185(1)
Summary
185(5)
Chapter 7 Selection and Development
190(42)
Recruitment
192(3)
Recruitment Methods
193(1)
Targeting Females and Minorities
193(1)
Targeting the Service Oriented
194(1)
Selection
195(11)
Preemployment Standards
196(2)
General Suitability
198(3)
Preemployment Testing
201(4)
Recruit Screening Methods
205(1)
Americans with Disability Act (ADA)
206(1)
Development
206(11)
Recruit Training
206(1)
Program Orientation
207(1)
Philosophy and Instructional Methods
207(2)
Curriculum Development and Content
209(4)
Curriculum Updates
213(3)
Effectiveness of Recruit Training
216(1)
Field Training
217(5)
FTO Program
217(2)
PTO Program
219(3)
Career Growth
222(4)
Summary
226(6)
Chapter 8 Field Operations
232(35)
The Patrol Function
234(9)
Historical Development
234(3)
Patrol Methods
237(1)
Use of Patrol Resources
238(5)
Focused Interventions
243(2)
Proactive Arrests and Crackdowns
244(1)
Guns and Gang Violence
245(6)
Focused Deterrence Initiatiaves
246(3)
Policing Disorder: Zero-Tolerance and Quality-of-Life Policing
249(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing Focused on Disorder
249(2)
Reactive Arrests and Intimate Partner Violence
251(2)
Dual Arrest
252(1)
Police Pursuits
253(1)
The Investigative Function
254(3)
Historical Development
255(2)
Selected Research on Investigative Operations
257(4)
Advances in Physical Evidence: AFIS and DNA
257(2)
Career Criminal Programs
259(1)
Bias Crime Programs
260(1)
Detective-Patrol Relationships
260(1)
Enticement and Entrapment
261(1)
Summary
261(6)
PART III POLICE BEHAVIOR
267(114)
Chapter 9 Behavior and Misconduct
268(40)
Perspectives of Police Behavior
269(5)
Universalistic Perspectives
269(1)
Particularistic Perspectives
270(1)
Socialization Versus Predisposition
271(3)
Early Examinations of Police Behavior
274(4)
Decision Making and Police Discretion
278(11)
Organizational Variables
279(1)
Neighborhood Variables
280(1)
Situational Variables
281(5)
Individual (Officer) Variables
286(2)
Career Orientation
288(1)
Police Deviance
289(11)
Types of Deviance and Misconduct
289(1)
The Prevalence of Police Deviance
290(2)
Deviant Officers
292(2)
The Persistence of Corruption
294(2)
Are Gratuities a Type of Misconduct?
296(1)
Police Sexual Misconduct
297(2)
The Drug War and Police Deviance
299(1)
Summary
300(8)
Chapter 10 Force and Coercion
308(40)
Police-Citizen Interactions
310(6)
Context of Force
310(3)
National Estimates on Police Use of Force
313(3)
Learning to Use Force
316(9)
Training
316(2)
Areas of Training
318(3)
Police Culture and the Use of Force
321(1)
Controversy and the Use of Force
322(3)
Inappropriate Force
325(10)
Brutality and Excessive Force
325(2)
Physical and Psychological Force in Police History
327(2)
Frequency of Excessive Force and Brutality
329(4)
Brutality in the Twenty-First Century
333(2)
Deadly Force
335(7)
Category 1 Death
336(1)
Category 2 Injury
337(1)
Category 3 Noninjury
337(1)
Individual and Situational Factors
338(1)
Environmental and Departmental Variations
339(1)
Racial Considerations
340(1)
Legal and Policy Changes
341(1)
Summary
342(6)
Chapter 11 Accountability and Ethics
348(33)
Internal Accountability Mechanisms
350(10)
Bureaucratic Organization and Management
350(2)
Internal Investigation
352(4)
Issues in Internal Investigations
356(2)
Early Warning/Early Identification Systems
358(2)
Effectiveness of Internal Investigations
360(1)
External Accountability Mechanisms
360(4)
Civilian Review
360(3)
Police Auditor Systems
363(1)
The Limits of Oversight Mechanisms
364(2)
Professional Standards
366(4)
The Police Professionalization Movement
366(1)
Criteria of Police Professionalization
367(3)
Ethical Standards
370(5)
Ethical Perspectives
372(1)
Ethical Dilemmas
373(2)
The Limits of Professional and Ethical Standards
375(2)
Summary
377(4)
PART IV CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
381(130)
Chapter 12 Diversity
382(32)
Racial Minorities in Policing
385(2)
Unequal Treatment
385(1)
Performance of African American Police
386(1)
Women in Policing
387(4)
Unequal Treatment
388(1)
Performancetof Women Officers
389(2)
Affirmative Action
391(1)
Equal Employment Opportunity
392(1)
Reverse Discrimination
393(1)
Increasing Diversity in Police Departments
394(7)
Promotional Opportunities
398(3)
Integration of Minorities and Women Into Policing
401(6)
Police Culture
402(2)
Structural Characteristics
404(1)
Pregnancy and Maternity
404(1)
Sexual Harassment
405(2)
Future Prospects
407(1)
Summary
408(6)
Chapter 13 Stress and Officer Safety
414(36)
The Concept of Stress
415(1)
Occupational Stress
416(1)
Overview of Stressors
417(4)
Police Stressors
417(3)
Emerging Sources of Stress
420(1)
Line-of-Duty and Crisis Situations
421(6)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
422(2)
Shift Work
424(1)
Social Supports and Police Stress
425(2)
Consequences of Stress
427(7)
Alcohol Abuse
427(2)
Drug Abuse
429(1)
Suicide
430(2)
Marital and Family Problems
432(1)
Policies and Programs
433(1)
Officer Safety
434(9)
Danger and Police Work
437(3)
Safety and the Mentally Ill
440(1)
Improving Safety and Reducing Fatalities
441(2)
Summary
443(7)
Chapter 14 Higher Education
450(26)
The Development of Higher Education Programs for Police
452(8)
Federal Programs and Support for Higher Education
454(1)
Quality of Higher Education Programs
455(2)
Higher Education Requirements for Police
457(3)
The Impact of Higher Education on Policing
460(5)
Higher Education and Attitudes
460(1)
Higher Education and Performance
461(1)
Higher Education and Use of Force
462(1)
Higher Education and Promotion
463(1)
Higher Education and Job Satisfaction
463(1)
Higher Education and Terrorism
464(1)
Higher Education and Chief's Scholar Program
465(1)
Validating Higher Education for Police
465(3)
Higher Education as a Bona Fide Occupational Qualification
465(1)
Higher Education and Discrimination
466(2)
Higher Education Incentive Programs
468(4)
Higher Education Requirements and Policy Implications
469(3)
Summary
472(4)
Chapter 15 Emerging Issues
476(35)
Changes in American Society
478(9)
Aging Population
478(2)
Cultural Diversity
480(1)
Shifting Economics
481(2)
Immigration and Migration
483(4)
Modern Problems
487(5)
Crime Trends
487(1)
Cyber Crime
488(1)
Eyewitness Identification
489(1)
Shrinking Budgets
490(2)
Modern Technology
492(5)
Crime Detention and Crime Solving
493(2)
Surveillance and Privacy
495(1)
Communications and Interoperability
496(1)
Social Media
496(1)
Long-Term Trends
497(4)
Collaboration
497(1)
Privatization
498(1)
Federalization
499(1)
Militarization
500(1)
Terrorism and Homeland Security
501(4)
Summary
505(6)
Glossary 511(18)
Name Index 529(12)
Subject Index 541
Roy Roberg is Professor Emeritus of Justice Studies at San José State University.; Kenneth Novak is Professor and Chair of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of Missouri-Kansas City.; Gary Cordner is Professor of Criminal Justice at Kutztown University of Pennsylvania.; Brad Smith is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at Wayne State University.