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Policing in America 9th edition [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 502 pages, aukštis x plotis: 254x178 mm, weight: 1378 g, 15 Tables, black and white; 35 Line drawings, color; 67 Halftones, color; 102 Illustrations, color
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Aug-2021
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138289027
  • ISBN-13: 9781138289024
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Policing in America 9th editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 502 pages, aukštis x plotis: 254x178 mm, weight: 1378 g, 15 Tables, black and white; 35 Line drawings, color; 67 Halftones, color; 102 Illustrations, color
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Aug-2021
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138289027
  • ISBN-13: 9781138289024
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781138289024.html
Raktažodžiai:
Policing in America, 9th Edition, provides a thorough analysis of the key issues in policing today, and offers an issues-oriented discussion focusing on critical concerns such as personnel systems, organization and management, operations, discretion, use of force, culture and behavior, ethics and deviance, civil liability, and police-community relations.

In the field of law enforcement in the United States, it is essential to know the contemporary problems being faced and combine that knowledge with empirical research and theoretical reasoning to arrive at best practices and an understanding of policing. The text opens with a critical assessment of police history and the role politics played in the development of American police institutions and concludes with consideration of such contemporary issues as globalization, terrorism, and homeland security.

Appropriate for introductory policing courses, this new edition not only offers updated research and examples, it also incorporates ways for the reader to connect to the content through learning objectives, discussion questions, and "Myths and Realities of Policing" boxes. Video and Internet links provide additional coverage of important issues. With completely revised and updated chapters, Policing in America, 9th Edition, provides an up-to-date examination of what to expect as a police officer in America.

Chapter 1 The Police in American Society 1(44)
Introduction
1(2)
The Government Structure and Policing
3(4)
Constitutional Government
4(1)
Separation of Powers
4(1)
Principles of Federalism
5(2)
Police and the Law
7(2)
Police in the Criminal Justice System
9(1)
The Police as a Subdivision of Government
10(9)
Roles Performed by the Police
10(9)
Diversity of the Police Establishment
19(1)
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies
19(1)
Justice Department Agencies
20(15)
Federal Bureau of Investigation
20(3)
Drug Enforcement Administration
23(2)
US Marshals Service
25(1)
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
26(2)
Department of Homeland Security
28(7)
State Law Enforcement Agencies
35(3)
State Police and Highway Patrols
35(1)
Limited-Purpose State Law Enforcement Agencies
36(2)
Local Law Enforcement Agencies
38(1)
The Future of Policing: New Directions
39(1)
Summary
40(1)
Review Questions
41(1)
References
41(4)
Chapter 2 Historical Perspectives 45(40)
Introduction
45(1)
An Overview of Policing in Ancient Times
46(5)
Civilization in Ancient Egypt
48(3)
Police Development in England
51(8)
Medieval England
52(2)
Early English Law Enforcement
54(1)
The English Reformers
55(4)
American Policing in Retrospect
59(4)
Early American Policing
60(3)
Policing America: The Modern Era
63(17)
The Political Entrenchment Phase
63(2)
The Reform Efforts
65(4)
Professional Policing Comes to America
69(4)
Public and Community Relations Return to Policing
73(3)
The Community Policing Era
76(3)
The Post-Community Policing Era and the Rise of the Surveillance State
79(1)
Summary
80(1)
Review Questions
81(1)
References
81(4)
Chapter 3 Police Human Resources 85(42)
Introduction
85(1)
Toward a Theory of Police Selection
86(1)
Affirmative Action and Police Selection
87(20)
Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
87(13)
Establishing Minimum Selection Standards
100(7)
The Police Selection Process
107(3)
The Written Test
108(1)
The Oral Interview Board
109(1)
Training Police Officers
110(9)
Basic or Academy Training
111(4)
Field Training Officer (FT0) Programs
115(3)
In-service Training
118(1)
Performance Appraisal
119(1)
Summary
120(1)
Review Questions
121(1)
References
121(6)
Chapter 4 Organization and Management 127(30)
Introduction
127(1)
The Specifics of Police Administration: POSDCORB
128(1)
Levels of Administration and Supervision
129(3)
Principles of Organization and Police Administration .
.132
Classical Organizational Principles
132(6)
Police Management
138(2)
Police Leadership
138(2)
Planning
140(2)
Communications
142(1)
Contingency Management
143(2)
Managing Community Policing
145(1)
Crime Analysis and COMPSTAT
146(4)
Crime Analysis
147(1)
COMPSTAT
148(2)
Police Collective Bargaining
150(3)
Contract Negotiation
153(1)
Summary
153(1)
Review Questions
154(1)
References
154(3)
Chapter 5 Police Operations 157(52)
Introduction
157(2)
Allocating Police Personnel
159(1)
Receiving and Managing Calls for Service
160(2)
Police Patrol
162(1)
Deploying Patrol Personnel
163(2)
One-Officer and Two-Officer Patrol Units
164(1)
Methods and Techniques of Patrol
165(7)
Foot Patrol
166(2)
Horse Patrol
168(1)
Bicycle Patrol
169(1)
Aircraft Patrol
170(1)
Watercraft Patrol
171(1)
Police Patrol Strategies
172(16)
Routine Preventive Patrol
172(1)
Routine Preventive Patrol Reconsidered
172(2)
Maximizing Resources for Directed Patrol
174(1)
Reducing Patrol Time
174(1)
Delayed Police Response
175(1)
Differential Police Response
176(1)
Not Responding to Certain Calls
177(1)
Directed Patrol
178(1)
D-runs
178(1)
Split Force
179(2)
Saturation Patrol and Crackdowns
181(1)
Stop and Frisk
182(1)
Suspect-Oriented Techniques
183(2)
Racial Profiling
185(2)
Criminal Investigations
187(1)
Investigations: A Historical Perspective
188(2)
The Detective as Secretive Rogue
188(1)
The Detective as Inquisitor
189(1)
The Detective as Bureaucrat
189(1)
The Investigation Process
190(2)
Preliminary Investigations
191(1)
Follow-up or Latent Investigations
192(1)
Research on the Effectiveness of Investigations
192(5)
The Traffic Function
197(4)
The Police and the Traffic Function
197(3)
Driving-under-the-Influence Enforcement
200(1)
Countering Aggressive Driving
200(1)
Police Partnerships
201(2)
Summary
203(1)
Review Questions
203(1)
References
204(5)
Chapter 6 Police Discretion 209(34)
The Nature of Police Discretion
211(1)
Administrative Discretion
211(2)
Enforcement Discretion
213(1)
The Police Decision-Making Process
213(1)
The Decision to Invoke the Criminal Justice Process
214(7)
Offender Variables
214(4)
Situation Variables
218(3)
Discretionary Situations in Law Enforcement
221(4)
Domestic Violence
222(3)
Vice Crimes
225(2)
Disenfranchised Populations
227(2)
The Homeless
227(1)
The Mentally Ill
228(1)
Controlling Police Discretion
229(1)
Understanding the Need for Control Mechanisms
230(7)
Internal Control Mechanisms
231(3)
External Control Mechanisms
234(3)
Summary
237(1)
Review Questions
238(1)
References
238(5)
Chapter 7 Police Use of Force 243(28)
Introduction
243(1)
The Meaning of Excessive Force
244(1)
Legal Standards and Police Use of Force
245(3)
Patterns of Police Use of Force
248(2)
Determinants of Police Use of Force
249(1)
Controlling Police Discretion in Situations Involving the Use of Force
250(7)
Use-of-Force Continuum
251(3)
Use-of-Force Policy Considerations
254(1)
Early Warning Systems to Identify Problem Officers
255(2)
Less-than-Lethal Force
257(9)
Oleoresin Capsicum Spray
257(2)
Impact Munitions
259(1)
Conducted Energy Devices
260(2)
More Weapons, More Force?
262(2)
The Dangers of Policing in Context
264(2)
Summary
266(1)
Review Questions
267(1)
References
267(4)
Chapter 8 Police Culture and Behavior 271(34)
Introduction
271(1)
The Psychological Perspective
272(2)
The Sociological Perspective
274(2)
Types of Police Officers
276(3)
The Anthropological Perspective
279(1)
The Police Subculture
279(2)
The Law and Police Culture
281(1)
The Police Worldview
281(2)
Police Bravery, Autonomy, and Secrecy
283(2)
Police Isolation and Solidarity
285(3)
Police Stress
288(9)
Sources of Police Stress
290(3)
Effects of Police Stress
293(1)
Police Suicide
294(1)
Alcoholism and Drug Abuse
295(1)
Mortality and Health Problems
296(1)
Reducing Police Stress
297(1)
Summary
297(1)
Review Questions
298(1)
References
299(6)
Chapter 9 Ethics and Deviance 305(34)
Introduction
305(3)
Sources of Ethics
308(4)
Justice
308(1)
Law
309(1)
Agency Policy
309(1)
Police Department Value Statements
310(1)
Social Norms and Personal Values
310(2)
Police Crime, Abuse of Authority, Occupational Deviance, and Corruption
312(5)
Police Crime
312(1)
Abuse of Authority
313(1)
Occupational Deviance
314(1)
Corruption
314(1)
Bribery
315(1)
Extortion
315(1)
Narcotics Violations
316(1)
The Scope and Forms of Police Corruption
317(3)
"Rotten Apples" or Systemic Abuse?
318(2)
Deviant Behavior
320(11)
Alcohol and Other Drugs of Abuse
321(1)
Sexual Harassment
322(2)
Police Sexual Violence
324(2)
Stacking-Up, Jacking-Up, and Using Cover Charges
326(1)
Gratuities
327(2)
Goldbricking Versus Quotas
329(2)
Disciplining the Police
331(2)
Summary
333(1)
Review Questions
334(1)
References
335(4)
Chapter 10 Civil Liability 339(38)
Introduction
339(2)
The Incidence of Civil Suits
341(1)
Police Fear of Litigation
341(5)
Lawsuits, Police Perceptions, and Behavior
343(1)
Frivolous Lawsuits
344(2)
The Cost of Civil Liability
346(2)
Litigants in Liability Cases
348(1)
Police Civil Liability and Tort Law
349(7)
Strict Tort Liability
350(1)
Intentional Torts
351(5)
Negligence
356(5)
Legal Duty
357(1)
Breach of Duty
357(1)
Proximate Cause
358(1)
Damage or Injury
358(1)
Common Claims of Police Negligence
359(2)
Defenses to Claims of Police Negligence
361(1)
Contributory Negligence
361(1)
Comparative Negligence
362(1)
Assumption of Risk
362(1)
Police Liability Under Federal Law
362(1)
Acting Under Color of State Law
363(2)
Violation of a Constitutional Right
365(1618)
Municipal Liability for Failure to Train
367(1616)
Defenses to Section
1983
Lawsuits
369(1)
Absolute Immunity
369(1)
Qualified Immunity
370(1)
Probable Cause
371(1)
Good Faith
371(1)
Preventing Liability
371(1)
Summary
372(1)
Review Questions
373(1)
References
373(4)
Chapter 11 Police in the Community 377(34)
Introduction
377(1)
An Overview of Public Perceptions of the Police
378(5)
Public Attitudes Toward the Police
379(1)
Individual-Level Variables
380(3)
Crime Prevention
383(3)
The Theory of Crime Prevention
384(2)
Primary Crime Prevention Techniques and Programs
386(18)
Environmental Design
386(3)
Juvenile Curfews
389(3)
Community Policing
392(1)
The Philosophical Dimension
393(4)
The Strategic Dimension
397(1)
The Programmatic Dimension
398(4)
Management Issues
402(1)
Operational Examples
403(1)
Community Policing at the Micro Level: Police Legitimacy and Procedural Justice
404(2)
Summary
406(1)
Review Questions
406(1)
References
407(4)
Chapter 12 Policing the Drug Problem 411(34)
Introduction
411(1)
The Nature and Extent of the Drug Problem
412(4)
Drugs and Crime
414(2)
The Illegal Drug Delivery System
416(1)
Criminal Organizations
417(6)
Mexican Drug Cartels
417(1)
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
418(1)
Youth Street Gangs
419(4)
Drug Distribution Chain of Activities
423(1)
Drug Enforcement Techniques and Programs
423(13)
Interdiction
423(2)
Attacking High-Level Distributors
425(2)
Drug Enforcement at the Retail Level
427(9)
Community Policing and Drugs
436(3)
Summary
439(1)
Review Questions
440(1)
References
440(5)
Chapter 13 Homeland Security and Terrorism 445(30)
Introduction
445(1)
Homeland Security
446(6)
What is Included in Homeland Security?
447(1)
Threats to Critical Infrastructure
448(1)
The National Infrastructure Protection Plan
449(3)
Homeland Security and Local Policing
452(4)
Threat Assessment via Intelligence Gathering
452(1)
Intelligence-Led Policing and Threat Assessment
453(1)
Fusion Centers
453(1)
Critical Infrastructure Identification
454(1)
Enforcement and Critical Infrastructure Security Personnel
455(1)
Public Education
455(1)
The National Response Framework
456(1)
National Incident Management System
457(1)
Terrorism
457(5)
Defining Terrorism and Its Variations
458(1)
The Nature of Terrorism in the United States
459(1)
Terrorist Attack Instrumentality
460(1)
Religion and Terrorism
461(1)
Extremist Groups
462(8)
Extremist Groups and the Middle East
462(2)
Right-wing Extremism in the United States
464(3)
The Radicalization Process
467(1)
The Police Response to Extremist Groups
468(2)
Summary
470(1)
Review Questions
471(1)
References
472(3)
Index 475
Larry K. Gaines is Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice at California State University-San Bernardino. He served as the Executive Director of the Kentucky Association of Chiefs of Police for 14 years and was a police officer in Lexington, Kentucky. He has consulted with a variety of police agencies in Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Georgia, and California. Dr. Gaines has served as Secretary Treasurer and President of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. He has received many awards, including the Founders Award from the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, the Outstanding Educator Award from the Southern Criminal Justice Association, and the Outstanding Service Award from the Police Section of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. In 2001, he served as a member of the California POST Committee that developed police training curricula for racial profiling. He has published a number of books and journal articles addressing a variety of criminal justice topics and issues.

Victor E. Kappeler, a former police officer, is Retired Foundation Professor and Dean of the School of Justice Studies at Eastern Kentucky University. He is recognized as a leading scholar in such fields as policing, media, and the social construction of crime, and police civil liability, among other related fields. Dr. Kappeler continues to provide in-service training for police officers and is well published in professional areas of policing. Among many other honors, Kappeler received the 2006 Cabinet for Justice and Public Safety Award for Academic Excellence and the 2005 Outstanding Criminal Justice Alumnus Award from Sam Houston State University, where he earned his doctoral degree, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Criminologys Division on Critical Criminology.

Zachary A. Powell is an assistant professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at California State University, San Bernardino. His research focuses on federal police reform, public policy, and research methods. Outside of work, Zachary is an avid runner, photographer, and home cook.