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El. knyga: Politics of English Language Education and Social Inequality: Global Pressures, National Priorities and Schooling in India

(University of New Mexico, USA), (University of San Diego, USA), (University of San Diego, USA), (Gauhati University, India)

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Based on policy analysis and empirical data, this book examines the problematic consequences of colonial legacies of language policies and English language education in the multilingual contexts of the Global South.



Based on policy analysis and empirical data, this book examines the problematic consequences of colonial legacies of language policies and English language education in the multilingual contexts of the Global South.

Using a postcolonial lens, the volume explores the raciolinguistics of language hierarchies that results in students from low-income backgrounds losing their mother tongues without acquiring academic fluency in English. Using findings from five major research projects, the book analyzes the specific context of India, where ambiguous language policies have led to uneasy tensions between the colonial language of English, national and state languages, and students’ linguistic diversity is mistaken for cognitive deficits when English is the medium of instruction in schools. The authors situate their own professional and personal experiences in their efforts at dismantling postcolonial structures through reflective practice as teacher educators, and present solutions of decolonial resistance to linguistic hierarchies that include critical pedagogical alternatives to bilingual education and opportunities for increased teacher agency.

Ultimately, this timely volume will appeal to researchers, scholars, academics, and students in the fields of international and comparative education, English and literacy studies, and language arts more broadly. Those interested in English language learning in low-income countries specifically will also find this book to be of benefit to their research.

Recenzijos

'This exquisitely complex book is invaluable for those of us seeking deeper understandings of the role played by English in magnifying economic inequalities globally. Building on wisdom drawn from their own life experiences with linguicide, transnationalism, and English-as-medium-of-education policies, these four authors render skilful analyses that shed light on the complicated dilemmas surrounding language-in-education policy. Offering insightful understandings widely applicable beyond the contemporary Indian context, the book provides supportive and constructive guidance for enacting critical resistance in the context of a range of often-neoliberal language policy reforms.'

Suhanthie Motha, Associate Professor of Applied Linguistics/TESOL, English Department, University of Washington, USA

'This book provides critical insights into processes of globalization and multilingual education from the perspective of the less privileged. Embodied by the personal experiences of four scholars from different regions and language groups, and richly situated in classrooms and communities in India, the book portrays dysfunctional outcomes. Educational policies motivated by the global pressures of economic progress and national goals of development hamper proficiencies in both heritage languages and English. We leave persuaded that a pedagogy that honestly addresses economic disparities, critiques ongoing colonial designs, and values heritage languages and epistemologies is more beneficial for the Global South.'

Professor Suresh Canagarajah, Pennsylvania State University, USA.

'This book makes a significant contribution to bringing together post-colonial scholarship on the politics and practices of language policies and language education. It draws on rich lived experiences of the diverse language identities of the authors. This richness is evident throughout the text as the authors engage in a nuanced manner with a complex intellectual terrain on language politics, whilst drawing on research evidence from the field. The arguments presented in the book also problematise the construction of disability and the labelling of learning disability especially in schooling contexts, such as those in India. The book raises important points in relation to how disability labels are uncritically adopted in settings such as many English medium schools which provide access to first generation learners and largely non-English speakers from low-income background.'

Nidhi Singal, Professor of Disability and Inclusive Education, University of Cambridge, UK

'This provocative book will change how you think about language teaching and learning. In The Politics of English Language Education and Social Inequality, Kalyanpur, Boruah, Molina, and Shenoy offer an incisive analysis of how English language education operates as a colonizing presence. With a focus on a multilingual nation that has a complex relationship with EnglishIndiathe authors brilliantly weave personal experiences with research data and theory in order to illuminate reverberations of language policy, language teaching, and the language experiences of children across dimensions that range from identity to national policy to global domination.'

Christine Sleeter, Professor Emerita, School of Professional Studies, California State University-Monterey Bay, USA

'This book, authored by four Indian women, is unlike any other. It is written from the heart and from the womens own life experiences and academic research. Theory about the role of English education in colonialism and globalization, as well as its relationship to poverty, flow here from the local Indian context, as the authors reflect jointly and foreground their own positionality. The book is an example of decolonial resistance not only to traditional English language education, but also to academic treatises that do not reveal the authors selves.'

Ofelia Garcķa, Professor Emerita, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA

About the authors xiv
List of figures and tables
xvi
List of abbreviations
xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Prologue: our language stories 1(16)
PART I The global context for language policy
17(46)
1 Introducing a postcolonial perspective on language education
19(21)
A colonial/'postcolonial framework
21(3)
Language as a tool of oppression in globalization
24(3)
The diminishment of non-world languages
27(2)
Socio-economic barriers to the acquisition of the English language
29(3)
The structure of the book
32(2)
Conclusion
34(6)
2 Language, linguicide and equity: navigating the tension between heritage, national and colonial agendas
40(23)
Language vitality, status, and terminology
41(2)
National language policies in Pakistan and Bangladesh: issues of linguistic equity
43(7)
The Chinese language diaspora in East Asia
50(2)
Language challenges in Taiwan and Hong Kong
52(2)
Linguicide or the integration of heritage language education?
54(9)
PART II The politics and practice of India's language education policies
63(78)
3 Language contestations and the illusions around English in India's Three Language Formula
65(22)
English in education: from constitutional provisions to policy
67(2)
English as deliverance, English as Indian: competing social and educational goals
69(7)
Pedagogic models of English language teaching: ground realities and social disadvantage
76(3)
Repositioning English: empowerment agendas and multiliteracy frameworks
79(1)
Conclusion
80(7)
4 English language teachers and teacher education: challenging normative linguistic positionings
87(21)
The impact of national education policies on language teacher education
88(5)
Moving beyond the colonial legacy: alternative pedagogy and curricular models of language education
93(3)
Teachers' pedagogy, invisibility, voice, and agency
96(2)
Developing teacher agency and pedagogical practice
98(1)
Restructuring English language teacher education: new initiatives
99(2)
Conclusion
101(7)
5 English medium private schools: teaching bilingual and multilingual students in the context of inequality
108(14)
Language teaching in Karnataka private schools: linguistic and cultural contexts
110(3)
Language of instruction: helping those who struggle
113(2)
English language teaching in classroom contexts
115(4)
Conclusion
119(3)
6 L2 English language acquisition: dyslexia and learning inequalities in private schools
122(19)
Dyslexia: the language difference vs learning disorder debate
122(2)
Dyslexia and English literary acquisition in the Indian school context
124(2)
Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and disadvantage
126(8)
The implications for disadvantaged learners in English medium private schools
134(1)
Conclusion
135(6)
PART III Decolonizing language education and challenging disadvantage
141(42)
7 English language education and the case against neutrality
143(21)
Language and globalization: hybridity, neutrality, and the danger of complicity
144(3)
Race and power: the persistence of raciolinguistic ideologies
147(4)
Considering postcolonial approaches in the English language classroom
151(7)
Reimagining a possible future of English language education
158(6)
8 Challenging disadvantage through language education policy and practice: new postcolonial directions
164(19)
The complexities and challenges of language education policies and practices
165(5)
Engaging in decolonial resistance and critical pedagogy
170(5)
The reflective practitioner: rethinking our professional selves
175(3)
Conclusion
178(5)
Glossary 183(6)
Index 189
Maya Kalyanpur is Professor of Inclusive Education, Department of Learning and Teaching at the University of San Diego, USA.

Padmini Bhuyan Boruah is Professor and Head, Department of English Language Teaching at Gauhati University, India.

Sarina Chugani Molina is Associate Professor in English Language Education, Department of Learning and Teaching, University of San Diego, USA.

Sunaina Shenoy is Assistant Professor in the Educational Diagnostic Certificate Program, Department of Special Education, University of New Mexico, USA.