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El. knyga: Practical Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution

(The City Law School), (The City Law School), (The City Law School)
  • Formatas: 672 pages
  • Serija: A Practical Approach
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Aug-2018
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192555953
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Practical Approach to Alternative Dispute ResolutionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 672 pages
  • Serija: A Practical Approach
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Aug-2018
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192555953
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

DRM apribojimai

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A Practical Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution provides a comprehensive and easily digestible commentary on all the major areas of resolution of disputes out of court. Designed to support teaching and learning on the Bar Professional Training Course, it will also be of interest to practitioners who are looking for a clear exposition of the range of ADR processes.

Written by an authoritative and highly respected author team, A Practical Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution contains a range of features designed to enhance the reader's understanding of the key points, including sample documentation, flow diagrams, tables, and examples drawn from a range of different types of practice. Numerous cross-references to relevant websites and further resources are also provided.

This fourth edition has been brought fully up to date to reflect current practice and issues affecting ADR. The book's expanded coverage also makes it a suitable text for LLM courses on ADR.

Online resources
- Updates to cases and procedures
- Useful links for each chapter
- Diagrams and figures from the book

Recenzijos

Review from previous edition This is a clear and easily accessible text which delivers an in-depth insight of the relevant issues without being long-winded. The logical structure of the chapters and clear headings make the book an invaluable asset when it comes to preparing for assessments. * Robin Spedding, BPTC student, Cardiff University * A comprehensive and up-to-date text which provides coverage of core procedural and legal issues relating to dispute resolution; an essential guide for both students and practitioners. * Rachel Wood, Senior Lecturer, University of the West of England *

Glossary and abbreviations xxxv
Table of cases xxxviii
Table of statutes lii
Part I History And Range Of ADR Methods 1(98)
1 Introduction
3(21)
A Background
3(2)
B What Is ADR?
5(1)
C Why Is There A Need For ADR?
6(1)
D The Growth Of ADR Options
7(1)
E Court Recognition Of ADR
8(2)
F ADR And The Review Of Civil Litigation Costs
10(1)
G Recent Developments
11(2)
H The International Context
13(1)
I Some Issues With Regard To ADR
13(2)
J Potential Advantages Of ADR
15(2)
Lower Cost
15(1)
Speed Of Settlement
15(1)
Control Of Process
15(1)
Choice Of Forum
15(1)
A Wider Range Of Issues May Be Considered
16(1)
Wider Range Of Potential Outcomes
16(1)
Flexibility Of Process
16(1)
Flexibility With Regard To Evidence
16(1)
Confidentiality
16(1)
Use Of A Problem-Solving Approach
16(1)
Possible Reduction Of Risk
17(1)
Client Satisfaction
17(1)
K Potential Disadvantages Of ADR
17(1)
Increased Expense
17(1)
Additional Delay
17(1)
Possible Reduction In Outcome Compared To A Court Judgment
17(1)
Lack Of A Clear And Public Finding
17(1)
Loss Of Potential Strategic Use Of Procedural Steps
18(1)
Loss Of Potential Advantages Of Evidential Rules
18(1)
Confusion Of Process
18(1)
L Weighing Up Dispute Resolution Options
18(1)
M The Psychology Of Dispute Escalation
19(1)
N Assessing The Success Of ADR
20(1)
O Overview Of Regulatory Frameworks
20(2)
P Overview Of Training And Accreditation
22(1)
Key Points Summary
23(1)
2 Overview Of ADR Options
24(15)
A Key Elements Of ADR Options
25(1)
B The Role Of the Lawyer With Regard To ADR Options
26(1)
C Non-Adjudicative ADR Options
27(6)
Inter-Client Discussion
27(1)
Written Offers
27(1)
Negotiation
27(3)
Mediation
30(2)
Conciliation
32(1)
Early Neutral And/Or Expert Evaluation
32(1)
D Adjudicative ADR Options
33(3)
Arbitration
34(1)
Adjudication
35(1)
Expert Determination
36(1)
E Other Options
36(2)
Hybrids
37(1)
Processes For Dealing With Grievances
37(1)
Specialist Systems
37(1)
It-Based Options
37(1)
Dispute Management Systems
37(1)
Complex Dispute Resolution
38(1)
Key Points Summary
38(1)
3 Factors Influencing The Selection Of An ADR Option
39(17)
A Legal Advice On Appropriate Dispute Resolution Options
39(3)
Overcoming Possible Problems In Advising On ADR
39(1)
The Professional Duty To Give Advice
40(1)
When To Give Advice On ADR Options
41(1)
B Advance Selection Of An ADR Option
42(2)
C Factors Influencing ADR Selection
44(6)
Is Jurisdiction An Issue?
44(1)
Is ADR Inappropriate?
44(1)
Is A Court Decision Creating A Precedent Important?
45(1)
Is A Court Order Necessary?
46(1)
What Is The Relative Cost Of Possible Options?
46(1)
How Important Is Expert Knowledge?
46(1)
Is Confidentiality Important?
46(1)
How Much Control Does The Client Want?
47(1)
What Are The Main Objectives Of The Client?
47(1)
Is A Future Relationship Important?
48(1)
What Is The Relevance Of The Chances Of Success?
48(1)
Does The Client Want A 'Day In Court'?
48(1)
Would Neutral Assistance Be Valuable?
49(1)
What Stage Has The Case Reached?
49(1)
How Important Might Interim Orders Be?
49(1)
Might Orders Relating To Evidence Be Needed?
50(1)
What Is The Attitude Of The Court?
50(1)
Might Enforcement Be An Issue?
50(1)
D Potential Concerns About ADR
50(2)
ADR Can Undermine Litigation
51(1)
Proposing ADR Suggests A Lack Of Faith In Your Case
51(1)
ADR Can Undermine A Lawyer's Control Of A Case
51(1)
ADR Does Not Really Save Costs
51(1)
ADR Is A Way Of Getting Something For A Weak Case
52(1)
ADR Involves Too Much Pressure To Settle
52(1)
ADR Is Used As A Delaying Tactic
52(1)
ADR Is Not A Robust Process
52(1)
E Securing Agreement To ADR
52(2)
Suggest Specific Benefits That ADR Might Offer
53(1)
Offer Information About ADR Options
53(1)
Propose A Simple ADR Option
53(1)
Address Any Concerns That You Think An Opponent Might Have
53(1)
Offer To Pay Reasonable ADR Fees
53(1)
Seek To Persuade A Judge To Order A Stay
53(1)
F Confidentiality In Relation To ADR Processes
54(1)
G Timing The Use Of ADR
54(1)
Key Points Summary
55(1)
4 Funding ADR Procedures
56(17)
A The Funding Context
56(2)
B General Considerations
58(2)
What Are The Main Elements Of Expense In The Case?
58(1)
How Much Is At Stake In The Case?
58(1)
How Is The Case Being Funded?
59(1)
The Extent To Which Expense Has Already Been Incurred
59(1)
The Chances Of Success
59(1)
The Possibility That Costs May Be Recovered Or Liability For Costs May Shift
59(1)
C Elements Of Expense
60(1)
Solicitor Fees
60(1)
Barrister Fees
60(1)
Evidence And Information
60(1)
Disbursements
60(1)
Process Fees
60(1)
D What ADR Processes Cost
60(4)
ADR Provider's Fee
61(1)
Negotiation
62(1)
Mediation
63(1)
Arbitration
63(1)
Other Forms Of ADR
64(1)
E Effects Of The Funding Basis
64(3)
Conditional Fee Agreement Funding
64(1)
Damages-Based Agreement
65(1)
Insurance
65(1)
Third-Party Funding
65(1)
Legal Aid Agency Funding
66(1)
F Shifting The Liability For Costs-part 36 Offers
67(1)
G Considerations For The Parties
68(1)
H Overall Financial Analysis And Risk Assessment
69(1)
I Basic Example Of ADR Financial Considerations
70(2)
Key Points Summary
72(1)
5 Online ADR Options And ODR
73(9)
A Introduction
73(1)
B Background
74(1)
C The Main Bodies Concerned With ODR
75(1)
D The Role Of Technology In ADR
75(1)
E The Role Of Technology In Court Processes
76(1)
F ODR Software Options
77(2)
G Development Of ADR And ODR Within The European Union
79(1)
H Looking Forward
80(1)
Key Points Summary
81(1)
6 Professional Ethics
82(17)
A Introduction
82(1)
B Advising On ADR Options
83(1)
C Lawyers Providing An ADR Service
84(1)
D Compliance With Core Professional Duties
85(3)
To Act At All Times In The Client's Best Interests
85(1)
To Act Within The Client's Instructions
86(1)
To Maintain Client Confidentiality
86(1)
To Act Competently
87(1)
To Act With Integrity
87(1)
To Be Independent
87(1)
Not To Mislead Anyone
88(1)
Not To Bring The System Of Justice Into Disrepute
88(1)
Not To Make Threats
88(1)
E Specific Duties In Negotiation And Mediation
88(1)
F The Duty Of Confidentiality
89(3)
Introduction
89(1)
The Extent Of The Duty
90(1)
Confidentiality In Mediation
90(1)
Confidentiality In Early Neutral Evaluation And Expert Determination
91(1)
Confidentiality In Adjudicative Processes Such As Arbitration And Adjudication
92(1)
G Legal Professional Privilege
92(1)
H Without Prejudice Communications
93(2)
Exceptions To The Without Prejudice Communications Rule
94(1)
I Practical Considerations
95(1)
J Disclosure Of Information In ADR Processes
96(1)
Non-Adjudicatory ADR And Expert Determination
96(1)
Adjudication And Arbitration
97(1)
K Authority To Settle
97(1)
L The Relationship Between Barristers And Their Professional Clients In ADR
97(1)
Key Points Summary
98(1)
Part II The Interplay Between ADR, CPR, And Litigation 99(66)
7 The Approach Of The Courts To ADR
101(30)
A Introduction
101(2)
B Pre-Action Protocols
103(4)
Practice Direction-pre-Action Conduct And Protocols
103(1)
The Pre-Action Protocols
104(1)
The Pre-Action Protocol For Possession Claims Based On Mortgage Or Home Purchase Plan Arrears In Respect Of Residential Property
105(1)
The Pre-Action Protocol For Construction And Engineering Disputes
105(1)
Family Proceedings
106(1)
C The Court Guides
107(4)
The Admiralty And Commercial Courts Guide
107(1)
The Chancery Guide
108(2)
The Queen's Bench Guide
110(1)
The Technology And Construction Court Guide
110(1)
The Circuit Commercial (Mercantile) Court Guide
111(1)
D The Overriding Objective And ADR
111(1)
E Active Case Management And ADR
112(3)
More Robust Approach Since 1 April 2013
112(1)
Case Management Orders And ADR
113(1)
Part 36 Offers To Settle
114(1)
F Costs Management And ADR
115(3)
G Directions Questionnaires And ADR
118(1)
H Granting Stays For ADR
119(2)
I Judicial Encouragement Of ADR
121(2)
J The Approach Of The Courts To Contractual ADR Clauses
123(3)
K Costs Alternative Dispute Resolution
126(1)
L Can The Court Compel The Parties To Use ADR?
127(3)
Key Points Summary
130(1)
8 The Sanctions For Refusing To Engage In ADR Processes
131(27)
A Introduction
131(1)
B The Courts General Powers To Make Costs Orders
132(1)
C Adverse Costs Orders Against A Party Who Fails To Comply With The Pre-Action Protocols
133(1)
D Adverse Costs Orders Against A Party Who Unreasonably Refuses To Consider ADR
134(13)
The Nature Of The Dispute
135(1)
The Merits Of The Case
135(2)
The Extent To Which Other Settlement Methods Have Been Attempted
137(7)
Whether The Costs Of ADR Would Be Disproportionately High
144(1)
Whether Any Delay In Setting Up And Attending ADR Would Be Prejudicial
144(1)
Whether ADR Had A Reasonable Prospect Of Success
145(2)
E Other Factors
147(4)
Whether An ADR Order Was Made By The Court
148(1)
Obtaining Further Information Or Evidence Before Using ADR
148(2)
Both Parties At Fault
150(1)
F Rejecting ADR After Judgment And Before The Hearing Of An Appeal
151(1)
G Delay In Consenting To ADR
152(1)
H Backing Out Of An Agreed ADR Process
152(1)
I Unreasonable Conduct In The Mediation
153(1)
J Imposing A Costs Cap On Solicitor-Client Costs For Failing To Pursue ADR
153(1)
K Indemnity Costs Orders For Failing To Consider ADR
153(2)
L What Practical Steps Should Betaken By A Party to Avoid Sanctions?
155(1)
M How Does The Court Treat Privileged Material When Seeking To Impose Sanctions?
156(1)
Key Points Summary
157(1)
9 Recovery Of ADR Costs In Litigation
158(7)
A Introduction
158(1)
B Costs Of Interim Applications Relating To ADR
158(1)
C Recovery Of The Costs Of Unsuccessful ADR Processes
159(4)
Costs Of Failed ADR As Part Of The Costs Of Litigation
159(1)
The Agreement Between The Parties Determines Liability In Respect Of ADR Costs
160(1)
The Parties Make No Agreement About The Costs Of The ADR Process
161(1)
Agreement Between The Parties For The Costs Of The ADR Process To Be Costs In The Case
162(1)
Settlement Or Determination On All Issues Apart From Costs
163(1)
D Recovering The Costs Of An ADR Process As Damages
163(1)
Key Points Summary
164(1)
Part III Negotiation And Mediation 165(180)
10 Overview Of Negotiation And Mediation
167(2)
11 Styles, Strategies, And Tactics In Negotiation
169(14)
A The Importance Of Style, Strategy, And Tactics
169(1)
B Styles
170(1)
Co-Operative
170(1)
Competitive/Confrontational
170(1)
Choice Of Style
170(1)
C Strategies
171(6)
Co-Operative
171(1)
Competitive Or Positional
171(2)
Collaborative-principled Or Problem Solving
173(1)
Pragmatic
174(1)
Choice Of Strategy
175(1)
Interaction Of Strategies
176(1)
D Tactics
177(5)
Tactics Relating To Information
177(1)
Tactics Relating To Offers And Demands
178(1)
Tactics Relating To Structure
179(1)
Tactics Relating To Presentation
180(1)
Tactics Relating To Law
181(1)
Key Points Summary
182(1)
12 Preparing For Negotiation
183(18)
A The Importance Of Preparation
183(1)
B Identifying The Objectives
183(1)
C The Importance Of The Procedural Stage The Case Has Reached
184(2)
The Case Is At A Very Early Stage
184(1)
The Case Is At A Pre-Action Protocol Stage
185(1)
After The Issue Of Proceedings
185(1)
The Case Is Being Prepared For Trial
186(1)
D Identifying The Issues
186(1)
E The Relevance Of The Legal Context
186(1)
F Preparing To Deal With Facts And Evidence
187(2)
The Client's View Of The Facts And Evidence
187(1)
The Opponent's View Of The Facts And Evidence
188(1)
Dealing With Gaps And Ambiguities
188(1)
Preparing To Deal With Facts And Information In Negotiation
189(1)
G Preparing To Deal With Figures
189(1)
H Identifying Persuasive Arguments
190(2)
Arguments Based On The Application Of The Law
191(1)
Arguments Based On Facts
191(1)
Merit-Based Or Moral Argument
191(1)
Practical Or Personal Arguments
191(1)
Mixed Arguments
192(1)
I Planning Potential Demands, Offers, And Concessions
192(3)
Plan What You Will Seek From The Other Side
192(1)
Plan How And When You Will Ask
193(1)
Plan What You Might Offer
193(1)
Plan How And When You Might Make Offers
194(1)
J Linking Concessions
195(1)
K Identifying The BATNA
195(2)
L Identifying The WATNA
197(1)
M Clarifying Your Instructions And Authority
197(1)
Key Points Summary
198(3)
13 The Negotiation Process
201(23)
A When, How, And Where
201(2)
B Who
203(1)
C Communicating Effectively
203(3)
Reciprocal Or 'Mirroring' Behaviour
204(1)
Effective Presentation
204(1)
Responding Effectively
205(1)
Questioning Effectively
205(1)
Listening Effectively
205(1)
D Structure And Agenda Setting
206(1)
E Opening
207(3)
Open By Agreeing An Agenda
207(1)
Open With A Statement Or A Proposal
207(1)
Start By Asking Some Key Questions
208(1)
Invite Your Opponent To Open
208(1)
Start With Items That Can Be Agreed Easily
209(1)
Start With Items Where Your Case Is Strong
209(1)
Make Limits On Authority Clear
209(1)
Refer To Privilege For Discussion
210(1)
Dealing With Problems In Opening
210(1)
F Seeking Information
210(2)
G Making Your Case On The Issues
212(2)
Presenting The Merits Of Your Case
212(1)
Addressing Weaknesses In Your Case
212(1)
Bringing Out Weaknesses In Your Opponent's Case
213(1)
Proposing An Outcome
213(1)
Additions To Oral Argument
213(1)
H Planning And Timing Concessions, Offers, And Demands
214(5)
Implementing Concession Plan
214(1)
Gaining Concessions
215(1)
Making Demands
215(1)
Making Concessions
216(1)
Linking Concessions
216(1)
Making Offers
217(1)
Reaching A Deal
217(1)
Bargaining Tactics
218(1)
I Making Progress
219(1)
J Dealing With Difficulties
219(3)
Gaps In Information
219(1)
Getting Bogged Down, Or Reaching Deadlock
220(1)
Dealing With A Poorly Prepared Opponent
220(1)
Dealing With A Very Competitive Opponent
221(1)
Frustration And Emotion
221(1)
Concern About Possible Inexperience
221(1)
K Reaching A Close-Settlement Or Breakdown
222(1)
Making An Oral Contract
222(1)
Recording The Outcome
222(1)
No Agreement Is Reached
223(1)
Key Points Summary
223(1)
14 Mediation: General Principles
224(36)
A What Is Mediation?
224(1)
B Why Is Mediation An Effective ADR Process?
225(2)
C Judicial Endorsement Of Mediation
227(2)
D Disputes Suitable For Mediation
229(1)
E The Advantages Of Mediation
229(1)
F Does Mediation Work?
230(2)
G Why Do The Parties Use Mediation?
232(1)
H What Can Be Done To Make A Reluctant Party Engage In Mediation?
232(2)
Mediation Information Assessment Meetings
234(1)
I The Timing Of Mediation
234(3)
Before Litigation Begins
235(2)
After Litigation Begins
237(1)
J The Costs Of Mediation
237(2)
The Party's Own Costs Of Preparing For The Mediation
237(1)
The Mediator's Fee
237(1)
Expenses Of The Mediation
238(1)
K The Funding Of Mediation Costs, Fees, And Expenses
239(1)
Public Funding
239(1)
Funding Under A CFA
239(1)
L Styles Of Mediation
239(3)
Facilitative Mediation
240(1)
Evaluative Mediation
241(1)
Transformative Mediation
242(1)
M The Role Of The Mediator
242(2)
Organizing The Mediation Process
243(1)
Acting As A Facilitator
243(1)
Acting As Intermediary
244(1)
Post-Mediation Role
244(1)
N Accreditation And Regulation Of Mediation
244(2)
Introduction
244(1)
Training Requirements
245(1)
O The Civil Mediation Council
246(2)
The CMC Mediation Provider Registration Scheme
246(1)
The CMC Individual Registration Scheme
247(1)
Is Further Regulation Required?
247(1)
P Ethical Considerations Affecting Mediators
248(2)
Competence
248(1)
Independence And Neutrality
248(1)
Impartiality
249(1)
The Mediation Procedure
249(1)
Fairness
249(1)
Confidentiality
249(1)
Termination Of The Mediation
250(1)
Repeat Instructions
250(1)
Practice Administration
250(1)
Q The Without Prejudice Rule In Mediation
250(4)
Communications That Are Not Protected By The Without Prejudice Rule In Mediation
252(2)
Can The Mediator Rely On The Without Prejudice Rule?
254(1)
R Legal Advice Privilege In Mediation
254(1)
S Confidentiality In Mediation
255(2)
Example Of A Confidentiality Clause
255(1)
Information Given To The Mediator
255(1)
Can The Mediator Enforce The Confidentiality Clause?
255(1)
When Will The Court Override The Confidentiality Provisions In The Interests Of Justice?
256(1)
Other Exceptions To Confidentiality
256(1)
T The Mediator As Witness
257(1)
Should The Law Be Reformed?
258(1)
U Can A Mediator Be Sued?
258(1)
Legal Proceedings
258(1)
Disciplinary Proceedings
259(1)
Key Points Summary
259(1)
15 Preparation For The Mediation
260(19)
A Introduction
260(1)
B Selecting A Mediator
260(3)
The Qualities Required In An Effective Mediator
261(1)
Factors Influencing The Selection Of A Mediator
261(2)
C The Duration Of Mediation
263(1)
D Selecting A Venue
263(1)
E The Agreement To Mediate
264(2)
F Pre-Mediation Meeting/contact
266(1)
G The Attendees
267(2)
Representatives Of The Parties
267(1)
Person With Authority To Settle
267(1)
Lawyers
268(1)
Insurers
268(1)
Interest Groups
268(1)
Experts
268(1)
Witnesses Of Fact
269(1)
H The Position Statements
269(2)
The Aims In Drafting The Position Statement
270(1)
The Content Of The Position Statement
270(1)
Joint Position Statement
271(1)
I The Key Supporting Documents
271(2)
Agreed Bundle
272(1)
Confidential Bundles
273(1)
J Disclosure Of Position Statements And Documents
273(1)
K Other Documents That The Parties May Wish To Bring To The Mediation
273(1)
L Other Information That The Mediator May Seek From The Parties Before The Mediation
274(1)
M Risk Assessment
274(1)
N Options For Settlement
275(2)
O Specimen Settlement Clauses
277(1)
P Conclusion
277(1)
Key Points Summary
278(1)
16 The Mediation Process
279(25)
A When Does The Mediation Start?
279(1)
B The Stages In Mediation
280(2)
C The Opening Stage
282(6)
Introductions
282(1)
The Opening Joint Meeting (Plenary Session)
282(2)
Opening Statements By The Parties
284(2)
Witnesses And Experts
286(1)
Closing The Opening Joint Meeting
286(1)
Extension Of The Plenary Session
287(1)
The Separate Private Meetings (Or Closed Meetings)
287(1)
D The Exploration/Information Stage
288(1)
Carrying Out A 'Reality Test'
288(1)
Probing The Underlying Issues
288(1)
Devising Options For Settlement
289(1)
E The Negotiating/Bargaining Stage
289(3)
Acting As A Shuttle-Diplomat
290(1)
Devising Strategies To Help The Parties Work Through Deadlock
290(2)
F Joint Open Meetings In The Exploration Or Bargaining Stage
292(1)
Joint Meetings Of Representatives Of The Parties
292(1)
Joint Meetings Between The Lay Clients
292(1)
Joint Meetings Of The Experts
292(1)
G The Settlement/Closing Stage
292(2)
If Settlement Is Reached
292(2)
If No Settlement Is Reached
294(1)
H The Closing Joint Meeting
294(1)
I Termination And Adjournment Of The Mediation
295(1)
J The Mediator's Role Following The Conclusion Of The Mediation
295(1)
K The Main Variations In The Process
295(3)
Evaluative Mediation
296(1)
Evaluation Of The Merits Of The Case Requested By Both Parties
296(1)
Evaluation Of One Or More Issues Requested By One Party Only
296(1)
Med-Arb
297(1)
Arb-Med
297(1)
Telephone Mediations
298(1)
Mediations Conducted Online
298(1)
L The Role Of the Advocate In Mediation
298(5)
Preparation And Case Analysis
299(1)
Mediation Advocacy
299(1)
Advisory Skills In Mediation
300(1)
Delivery Of The Opening Statement At The Opening Joint Meeting
301(1)
The Advocate's Role During Private Closed Meetings
301(1)
Settlement
302(1)
Key Points Summary
303(1)
17 Reaching A Settlement
304(6)
A Contractual Principles
305(1)
B Oral Agreement And Email
305(1)
C The Responsibilities Of The Lawyer
306(1)
D Checking Coverage And Detail
306(2)
E Recording The Outcome
308(1)
F Building In Enforceability
308(1)
G If No Agreement Is Reached
309(1)
Key Points Summary
309(1)
18 Court Mediation Schemes And Other Schemes
310(22)
A Introduction
310(1)
B Historic Schemes
311(1)
The Central London County Court Voluntary Mediation Pilot Scheme
311(1)
The Central London County Court Compulsory Mediation Pilot Scheme
311(1)
The National Mediation Helpline
312(1)
C Current Court Mediation Schemes
312(4)
The Mayor's And City Of London County Court Mediation Scheme
313(1)
The HMCTS Small Claims Mediation Scheme
313(1)
The Court Of Appeal Mediation Scheme
314(1)
The West Midlands Family Mediation Scheme
315(1)
County Court Local Schemes
315(1)
D Mediation Information Pilot Court Schemes
316(1)
The Birmingham, Manchester, And Central London County Courts Mediation Information Pilot Schemes
316(1)
The Court Of Appeal Mediation Pilot Scheme
316(1)
The Central London County Court Pilot Scheme
316(1)
E The Civil Mediation Online Directory
317(1)
F Fixed Price Mediation Schemes
317(1)
G Judicial Mediation Schemes
318(2)
The Court Settlement Process In The Technology And Construction Court
318(1)
Judicial Mediation In Family Cases
319(1)
Judicial Mediation In Employment Tribunals
320(1)
H Mediation In Specific Cases
320(5)
Mediation In Cases In The Commercial Court
320(1)
Complex Construction, Engineering, And Technology Disputes
321(1)
Family Cases
321(2)
Workplace Mediation
323(1)
Mediation In Employment Disputes
324(1)
Mediation In Personal Injury Cases
325(1)
I Mediating Multi-Party Disputes
325(1)
J Other Specialist Mediation Schemes
326(1)
K Other Mediation Processes
327(2)
Project Mediation
327(1)
The Mini-Trial Or Executive Tribunal
328(1)
Consensus-Building Mediation In Environmental Disputes Or Disputes That Involve Public Policy Issues
329(1)
Deal Mediation
329(1)
L Restorative Justice
329(1)
M Community Mediation
330(1)
N Pro Bono Mediation And Law Works
331(1)
Key Points Summary
331(1)
19 International Mediation
332(13)
A Introduction
332(1)
B The Advantages Of Mediation In International Disputes
332(1)
C Preparation For Mediation In International Disputes
333(1)
D The Process In International Mediation
334(1)
E The Growth Of Mediation In Europe
335(1)
F A Move Towards Harmonizing Practices In International Mediation
335(1)
G The EU Directive On Mediation In Civil And Commercial Cases (Directive 2008/52/EC)
336(6)
The Objective Of The Directive
336(1)
The Application Of The Directive
336(1)
Implementation Of The Directive By The United Kingdom
337(1)
The Main Provisions Of The Directive And The Implementation Of These Provisions By The United Kingdom
337(4)
Application Of The Directive To Domestic Mediations
341(1)
Implementation Of The EU Mediation Directive In Other Member States
342(1)
H The European Code Of Conduct For Mediators
342(1)
I Enforceability Of International Mediation Settlement Agreements
342(1)
Key Points Summary
343(2)
Part IV Evaluation, Conciliation, And Ombudsmen 345(22)
20 Conciliation
347(5)
A What Is Conciliation?
347(1)
B An Outline Of The Process
347(1)
C Advisory, Conciliation And Arbitration Service
348(1)
Mandatory Early Conciliation
348(1)
Post-Claim Conciliation
349(1)
Collective Conciliation
349(1)
D Conciliation In Family Cases
349(1)
The Process
349(1)
E Judicial Conciliation In Small Claims Cases
350(1)
F Other Conciliation Schemes
350(1)
The Disability Conciliation Service
350(1)
The Furniture Ombudsmen Conciliation Scheme
351(1)
Key Points Summary
351(1)
21 Complaints, Grievances, And Ombudsmen
352(8)
A Introduction
352(1)
B Complaints And Grievance Procedures
352(5)
Definitions
353(1)
Complaints Handling
353(1)
Complaints Against Solicitors
354(1)
Employment Grievances
354(2)
Acting For A Party In A Complaint
356(1)
Decisions In Complaints And Grievance Investigations
356(1)
Effectiveness Of Complaints And Grievance Procedures
356(1)
Information Following Exhaustion Of Complaints Procedures
357(1)
C Ombudsmen
357(2)
Complaints Handling By Ombudsmen
357(1)
Procedure On References To Ombudsmen
358(1)
Grounds On Which Ombudsmen Make Their Decisions
358(1)
Effect Of Ombudsman's Decision
359(1)
Key Points Summary
359(1)
22 Early Neutral Evaluation
360(7)
A What Is Early Neutral Evaluation?
360(1)
B At What Stage Should It Be Employed?
360(1)
C When Should It Be Used?
361(1)
D Who Should Be Appointed To Carry Out The Evaluation?
361(1)
E The Procedure
361(1)
F Neutral Fact Finding
362(1)
G Judicial Evaluation
362(2)
Judicial Evaluation In The Commercial Court
362(1)
Judicial Evaluation In The Technology And Construction Court
362(2)
Judicial Evaluation In The Chancery Division
364(1)
Judicial Evaluation In The Employment Tribunal
364(1)
H Evaluation In Personal Injury Cases
364(1)
Key Points Summary
364(3)
Part V Recording Settlement 367(22)
23 Recording Settlement
369(20)
A Reaching Agreement
369(1)
B Forms Of Recorded Outcome
370(2)
Compromise Agreements
371(1)
Full And Final Settlement
371(1)
Subject To Contract
371(1)
C Records Made During The ADR Process
372(1)
D Who Should Produce A Formal Record?
372(1)
E Enforceable Forms For Recording Settlement
372(2)
An Oral Contract
373(1)
A Written Contract
373(1)
An Award With Statutory Authority
373(1)
A Court Order
373(1)
Other Legal Documents
373(1)
F Drafting Terms Of Settlement
374(1)
G Methods Of Recording Settlement Agreements
374(12)
Exchange Of Letters
374(1)
Contract Or Deed
375(2)
Settlements Where There Are Existing Court Proceedings
377(2)
Endorsement On Briefs
379(1)
Interim Order
380(1)
Consent Order
381(3)
Tomlin Order
384(2)
Relitigating After Settlement
386(1)
H Terms As Regards Costs
386(1)
I Informing The Court Of Settlement
387(1)
Key Points Summary
388(1)
Part VI Adjudicative ADR 389(150)
24 Expert Or Neutral Determination
391(16)
A Introduction
391(1)
B When Should Neutral Or Expert Determination Be Used?
392(1)
Stage At Which The Parties May Agree To Expert Determination
392(1)
Cases Where Expert Determination Is Particularly Suitable
392(1)
C Agreement To Use Expert (Or Neutral) Determination
393(1)
D The General Approach Of The Courts To Expert Determination
393(1)
Contractual Effect Of Expert Determination Clauses
393(1)
Applications To Stay Court Proceedings Pending Expert Determination
393(1)
E Advantages Of Expert Determination
394(1)
F Differences Between Expert Determination And Negotiation, Mediation, And Neutral Evaluation
394(1)
G Similarities With Other Forms Of ADR
395(1)
H Selection Of The Neutral Or Expert Determiner
395(1)
I The Process
396(1)
J Confidential Information
397(1)
K The Nature Of The Decision
397(1)
L Reasons For The Decision
397(1)
M The Court Is The Final Decision Maker As To Whether The Expert Has Jurisdiction
398(1)
N Other Grounds For Challenging A Final Decision By Court Proceedings
398(5)
Material Departure From Instructions
399(1)
Fraud
399(1)
Collusion
399(1)
No Reasons For Decision
400(1)
Manifest Error
400(1)
An Error Of Law
401(1)
Failure To Act Lawfully Or Fairly
402(1)
The Decision Is Not Intended To Be Final On Matters Of Construction
402(1)
O Procedure For Making A Challenge
403(1)
P Enforcing A Decision
404(1)
Q Suing The Expert
404(1)
R How Neutral Or Expert Determination Differs From Arbitration
404(2)
S Disputes Review Panels
406(1)
Key Points Summary
406(1)
25 Construction Industry Adjudication
407(16)
A Introduction
407(1)
B Nature Of Adjudication
408(1)
C Requirements
408(2)
Construction Contract
409(1)
Dispute
409(1)
Requirement To Include Written Terms For Adjudication
410(1)
D Express Contractual Right To Adjudication
410(1)
E Default Provisions In The Scheme For Construction Contracts
411(1)
F Commencement Of The Adjudication
411(6)
Notice Of Adjudication: The Commencement Of Adjudication
411(3)
Ambit Of The Reference
414(1)
Nomination Of Adjudicator
414(1)
Referral Notice
415(2)
G Procedure Before The Hearing
417(2)
Response To Referral Notice
418(1)
Subsequent Statements Of Case
418(1)
Timetable For Procedural Steps
418(1)
Documents, Questions, And Impartiality
418(1)
Site Visits
419(1)
Related Disputes
419(1)
Confidentiality
419(1)
H Adjudicator's Decision
419(1)
Inquisitorial Approach
419(1)
Hearing
419(1)
The Decision-Making Process
419(1)
Communicating Decision To The Parties
420(1)
Reasons, Interest, And Costs
420(1)
I Binding, But Interim Effect, Of Decisions
420(1)
J Immunity Of Adjudicator
421(1)
K Adjudication In Residential Building Contracts
421(1)
L Court Enforcement Of Sum Found Due On Adjudication
421(1)
Key Points Summary
422(1)
26 Arbitration
423(22)
A Introduction
423(1)
B Arbitration And Litigation
424(1)
C Fundamental Concepts In Arbitration
424(1)
D History Of Arbitration
424(1)
E Interpretation Of The Arbitration Act 1996
425(1)
F Contractual Foundation To Arbitration
425(2)
Separability Of Arbitration Clause
426(1)
Mandate Of The Arbitral Tribunal
426(1)
G Requirements
427(7)
Dispute Or Difference
428(1)
Arbitrable Dispute
428(1)
Agreement To Arbitrate
429(2)
The Arbitration Agreement
431(1)
Dispute Must Come Within The Arbitration Agreement
432(1)
Capacity
433(1)
Conditions Precedent To Arbitration
433(1)
H Overview Of Arbitration Procedure
434(1)
I General Principles And Duties
434(1)
J Fair Resolution Of Disputes
434(2)
Saving Costs And Expedition
434(2)
General Duty Of The Tribunal
436(1)
Duty To Follow The Rules Of Natural Justice
436(1)
Arbitration Need Not Be Adversarial
436(1)
K Party Autonomy
436(2)
Mandatory And Non-Mandatory Provisions
436(1)
Sources Of Party Agreement
437(1)
L Court Applications
438(1)
M Different Types Of Arbitration
439(2)
Institutional Arbitration
439(1)
Ad Hoc Arbitration
439(1)
Non-Binding Arbitration
439(1)
Statutory Arbitration
440(1)
Consumer Arbitration
440(1)
Med-Arb
440(1)
Family Arbitration
441(1)
N Multi-Tiered Dispute Resolution
441(1)
O One-Stop Adjudication
441(1)
P European Convention On Human Rights And Arbitration
441(1)
Q Main Features Of Arbitration
442(1)
Key Points Summary
443(2)
27 Arbitral Tribunals
445(9)
A Introduction
445(1)
B Commencement Of Arbitration
445(1)
Importance Of The Date Of Commencement Of An Arbitration
445(1)
Contractual Time Limits
445(1)
Limitation Periods
446(1)
Date Of Commencement Of Arbitration
446(1)
Avoiding The Consequences Of Failing To Comply With A Time Limit
446(1)
C Notice Of Arbitration
446(2)
D Appointment Of Arbitral Tribunal
448(1)
Number Of Arbitrators
448(1)
Appointing The Arbitrators
448(1)
Chairperson
448(1)
Umpire
448(1)
Judges As Arbitrators
449(1)
Failure Of Appointment Procedure
449(1)
E Contractual Basis Of The Arbitrators' Mandate
449(1)
Qualifications Of Arbitrators
450(1)
Impartiality And Independence
450(1)
F Terms Of Reference
450(1)
G Removal, Resignation, And Vacancies
451(1)
Removal
451(1)
Resignation
451(1)
Death
451(1)
Vacancies
452(1)
H Immunities
452(1)
Immunity Of Arbitrators
452(1)
Immunity Of Arbitral Institutions
452(1)
I Liability For Arbitrators' Fees
452(1)
Key Points Summary
453(1)
28 The Commercial Arbitration Process
454(27)
A Introduction
454(1)
B Definition Of 'Commercial'
454(1)
C Privacy And Confidentiality
455(1)
Privacy
455(1)
Confidentiality
455(1)
D Range Of Procedural Approaches In Arbitration
456(1)
E Procedural Rules Governing The Arbitration
456(2)
Bespoke Arbitration Clause
456(1)
Arbitral Institution Rules
456(2)
Silence In Institutional Rules
458(1)
F Role Of Legal Representatives In Arbitration
458(2)
Advice On The Arbitration Clause
458(1)
Reference Of A Dispute To Arbitration
458(1)
Defining The Issues
459(1)
Putting Together The Case
459(1)
Hearings
459(1)
G Commencement
460(1)
H 'Look-Sniff' Arbitrations
460(1)
I Short-Form Arbitrations
460(1)
J General Procedure In Commercial Arbitration
461(15)
Preliminary Meeting
462(1)
Procedural Orders
462(2)
Peremptory Orders
464(1)
Dismissal For Inordinate And Inexcusable Delay
465(1)
Statements Of Case
466(2)
Evidence
468(3)
Witness Statements
471(1)
Experts
471(1)
Pre-Trial Hearing/Conference
472(1)
No Right To An Oral Hearing
472(1)
Bundles
472(1)
Arrangements For The Hearing
473(1)
The Hearing
473(2)
The Decision
475(1)
Ex Aequo Et Bono/Amiable Compositeur (Equity Clauses)
476(1)
The Award And Appeals
476(1)
K Example Of Arbitral Rules That Closely Follow Court Procedures
476(4)
Commencement Of Arbitration
476(1)
Counter-Notice
477(1)
Appointment Of Tribunal
477(1)
Procedure
477(1)
Statements Of Case
477(1)
Documents And Samples
478(1)
Directions
478(1)
Hearings
479(1)
Awards
479(1)
Appeals
479(1)
Key Points Summary
480(1)
29 International Arbitration
481(20)
A Introduction
481(1)
B Meaning Of International In Arbitration
482(1)
C Advising The Client
482(1)
D Seat
483(1)
Designation Of Seat
483(1)
Supervisory Jurisdiction
484(1)
Place Of Award
484(1)
E Problems Caused By Different Systems Of Law
484(1)
F Applicable Law
485(4)
Proper Law Of The Contract
485(2)
Law Of The Arbitration Agreement
487(1)
Jurisdiction Regulation (Brussels Convention)
488(1)
Procedural Law Of The Arbitration (Curial Law)
488(1)
Law Of The Place Of Enforcement
489(1)
Stateless Arbitrations
489(1)
G Objections To Jurisdiction
489(5)
Procedures Available For Raising An Objection To Jurisdiction
489(2)
Substantive Jurisdiction
491(1)
Time When An Objection To Jurisdiction Should Be Taken
491(1)
Reserving Client's Position
492(1)
Taking A Step In The Arbitration
492(1)
Kompetenz-Kompetenz
493(1)
Anti-Suit Injunctions
493(1)
H Procedural Matters Relevant to International Arbitration
494(1)
Language Of The Arbitration
494(1)
Meetings And Hearings
494(1)
Privilege
494(1)
Security For Costs
495(1)
I ICC Rules Of Arbitration
495(2)
Request For Arbitration
495(1)
Answer To The Request
496(1)
ICC Arbitral Tribunals
496(1)
Seat Of The Arbitration
496(1)
Terms Of Reference
496(1)
Procedure Prior To The Hearing
496(1)
Hearings And The Decision
497(1)
J Uncitral Model Law On International Commercial Arbitration
497(3)
Interpretation Of The Model Law
497(1)
Commencement Of Model Law Arbitration
498(1)
Model Law Arbitral Tribunals
498(1)
Interim Measures
498(1)
Statements Of Case Under The Model Law
499(1)
Subsequent Procedure
499(1)
Hearings
499(1)
Key Points Summary
500(1)
30 Arbitration Awards And Orders
501(8)
A Introduction
501(1)
B Procedural Orders
501(1)
C Interim Awards And Awards On Different Issues
502(1)
D Settlement
502(1)
E Main Awards
502(5)
Majority Decisions
504(1)
Reasons
505(1)
Seat Of The Arbitration
505(1)
Date Of Award
505(1)
Place Where Award Is Made
505(1)
Remedies
506(1)
Notification Of Award
506(1)
Binding Effect
506(1)
F Award Of Costs
507(1)
Key Points Summary
508(1)
31 High Court Jurisdiction In Arbitration Claims
509(22)
A Introduction
509(1)
B Orders To Prevent Parties Breaching Agreements To Arbitrate
510(2)
Stay Of Legal Proceedings
510(1)
Taking A Step In The Proceedings
511(1)
Anti-Suit Injunctions
511(1)
C Appointment, Removal, And Replacement Of Arbitrators
512(1)
Extending Time For Beginning Arbitral Proceedings
512(1)
Setting Aside Appointment Of Sole Arbitrator
512(1)
Failure Of The Appointment Procedure
512(1)
Removal Of Arbitrators
512(1)
Relief From Liability After Resignation Of An Arbitrator
513(1)
D Procedural Orders To Assist In The Determination Of Arbitral Proceedings
513(3)
Powers To Secure Evidence etc Available To Tribunals
513(1)
Court Jurisdiction On Procedural Matters
514(1)
Disclosure In Aid Of Arbitration
514(1)
Interim Injunctions
515(1)
Applications For Procedural Orders
515(1)
Exclusion Of Section 44
516(1)
E Judicial Review Of Arbitral Proceedings
516(1)
F Preliminary Points Of Law
516(1)
Conditions To Be Satisfied
517(1)
Procedure On Applications On Preliminary Points Of Law
517(1)
G Serious Irregularity
517(3)
Meaning Of 'Serious Irregularity'
517(2)
Substantial Injustice
519(1)
Loss Of Right To Object
520(1)
Powers Available To Deal With A Serious Irregularity
520(1)
H Appeal On A Point Of Law
520(3)
Question Of Law
520(1)
No Contrary Agreement
521(1)
No Agreement To Dispense With Reasons
521(1)
Tribunal Asked To Determine The Point
521(1)
Exhaustion Of Arbitral Appeals And Reviews
521(1)
Point Must Arise From An Award
522(1)
Appeal Must Be Made Within 28 Days
522(1)
Agreement Or Permission To Appeal
522(1)
Permission Of The Court
522(1)
Powers Available To Deal With Points Of Law
523(1)
I Procedure In Arbitration Claims
523(5)
Application Or Part 8 Claim
523(1)
Time Limit
524(1)
Defendants To The Arbitration Claim
524(1)
Courts Having Jurisdiction Over Arbitration Claims
524(4)
Procedure On Arbitration Claims
528(1)
Hearings In Arbitration Claims Under Part 62
528(1)
J Appeals To The Court Of Appeal
528(1)
Key Points Summary
529(2)
32 Enforcement Of Settlements And Awards
531(12)
A Introduction
531(1)
B Basic Methods Of Enforcing Compromise Agreements
532(1)
C Merger Or Discharge Of Original Obligation By Compromise
532(1)
Express Term Reviving Old Obligations In The Event Of Non-Performance
532(1)
Compromise Based On Performance Of The Agreed Terms
532(1)
Compromise Ineffective
533(1)
D Making A Choice On Enforcement Options
533(1)
E Enforcement Of Compromises Recorded As A Contract
533(2)
Enforcement By Civil Proceedings
533(1)
Defences To Claims For Breach Of Compromise Agreements
534(1)
Bankruptcy And Winding Up
534(1)
F Challenging A Settlement Recorded As A Contract
535(1)
G Enforcement Of Court Orders
535(1)
H Costs Only Proceedings
536(1)
I Enforcement Of Construction Industry Adjudication Decisions
537(1)
J Arbitration Settlements And Awards
537(2)
Negotiated Settlements In Arbitration Proceedings
537(1)
Enforcement Of Domestic Arbitral Awards
538(1)
Recognition And Enforcement Of New York Convention Arbitration Awards
538(1)
Grounds For Refusing Recognition Or Enforcement Of A New York Convention Award
539(1)
Enforcement Of Geneva Convention Awards
539(1)
Key Points Summary 539(4)
Appendices
Appendix 1 CEDR Model Mediation Agreement (13th edn)
543(4)
Appendix 2 Arbitration Act 1996
547(40)
Index 587
Professor Susan Blake is a Barrister and the Associate Dean of Education at The City Law School, City, University of London.

Associate Professor Julie Browne is a Barrister and Deputy Course Director of the BPTC at The City Law School, City, University of London.

Professor Stuart Sime is a Barrister and Course Director of the BPTC at The City Law School, City, University of London.
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