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Practical Engineering Geology [Minkštas viršelis]

5.00/5 (6 ratings by Goodreads)
(Hencher Associates, UK)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 448 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x189 mm, weight: 870 g, 58 Tables, black and white; 115 Line drawings, black and white; 148 Halftones, black and white
  • Serija: Applied Geotechnics
  • Išleidimo metai: 13-Jan-2012
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415469090
  • ISBN-13: 9780415469098
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Practical Engineering GeologyDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 448 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x189 mm, weight: 870 g, 58 Tables, black and white; 115 Line drawings, black and white; 148 Halftones, black and white
  • Serija: Applied Geotechnics
  • Išleidimo metai: 13-Jan-2012
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415469090
  • ISBN-13: 9780415469098
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780415469098.html
Raktažodžiai:
Steve Hencher presents a broad and fresh view on the importance of engineering geology to civil engineering projects.

Practical Engineering Geology provides an introduction to the way that projects are managed, designed and constructed and the ways that the engineering geologist can contribute to cost-effective and safe project achievement. The need for a holistic view of geological materials, from soil to rock, and of geological history is emphasised. Chapters address key aspects of













Geology for engineering and ground modelling Site investigation and testing of geological materials Geotechnical parameters Design of slopes, tunnels, foundations and other engineering structures Identifying hazards Avoiding unexpected ground conditions









The book is illustrated throughout with case examples and should prove useful to practising engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers and to MSc level students of engineering geology and other geotechnical subjects.

Recenzijos

" Hencher has penned a book on his experiences that provides insights for students, young professionals and seasoned pros working in engineering geologyThe excellent book provides practical solutions and example methodologies to address engineering geology challenges which are worthwhile for those practicing in the field. This book is highly recommended for practicing engineering geologists in America who would like to learn about the geoengineering challenges found in other parts of the world and the innovative solutions offered." The Professional Geologist, 2014

"This book meets its stated aims and should be required reading for aspiring young engineering geologists, or their seniors, to help make them aware of their roles and responsibilities. It would do no harm for this book to be read also by geotechnical engineers who need to be clear about the geologists role in the project team." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology

"The perspective, depth, and detail contained in Henchers Practical Engineering Geology make it highly desirable for all practicing engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers to have in their libraries. . a must have volume. Henchers book has plenty of content for all serious engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience

"Each chapter contains straightforward didactic boxes that focus either on a case in point, good working practices or key terms of relevance to each topic." Environmental Earth Sciences " Hencher has penned a book on his experiences that provides insights for students, young professionals and seasoned pros working in engineering geologyThe excellent book provides practical solutions and example methodologies to address engineering geology challenges which are worthwhile for those practicing in the field. This book is highly recommended for practicing engineering geologists in America who would like to learn about the geoengineering challenges found in other parts of the world and the innovative solutions offered." The Professional Geologist, 2014

"This book meets its stated aims and should be required reading for aspiring young engineering geologists, or their seniors, to help make them aware of their roles and responsibilities. It would do no harm for this book to be read also by geotechnical engineers who need to be clear about the geologists role in the project team." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology

"The perspective, depth, and detail contained in Henchers Practical Engineering Geology make it highly desirable for all practicing engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers to have in their libraries. . a must have volume. Henchers book has plenty of content for all serious engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience

"Each chapter contains straightforward didactic boxes that focus either on a case in point, good working practices or key terms of relevance to each topic." Environmental Earth Sciences

Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xv
About the author xvi
1 Engineering geology
1(13)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 What do engineering geologists do?
1(1)
1.3 What an engineering geologist needs to know
2(3)
1.4 The role of an engineering geologist in a project
5(4)
1.4.1 General
5(1)
1.4.2 Communication within the geotechnical team
5(4)
1.5 Rock and soil as engineering materials
9(2)
1.6 Qualifications and training
11(3)
2 Introduction to civil engineering projects
14(24)
2.1 Management: parties and responsibilities
14(4)
2.1.1 The owner/client/employer
14(1)
2.1.2 The architect and engineer
14(2)
2.1.3 The project design
16(1)
2.1.4 The contractor
17(1)
2.1.5 Independent checking engineer
18(1)
2.2 Management: contracts
18(9)
2.2.1 Risk allocation for geotechnical conditions
19(2)
2.2.2 Reference ground conditions
21(2)
2.2.3 Claims procedures
23(1)
2.2.4 Dispute resolution
24(1)
2.2.5 Legal process and role of expert witness
25(1)
2.2.6 Final word on contracts: attitudes of parties
26(1)
2.3 Design of structures: an introduction
27(6)
2.3.1 Foundations
27(1)
2.3.1.1 Loading from a building
27(2)
2.3.1.2 Options for founding structures
29(2)
2.3.2 Tunnels
31(2)
2.4 Design: design codes
33(3)
2.5 Design: application of engineering geological principles
36(2)
3 Geology and ground models
38(77)
3.1 Concept of modelling
38(2)
3.1.1 Introduction
38(2)
3.2 Relevance of geology to engineering
40(1)
3.3 Geological reference models
41(22)
3.3.1 A holistic approach
41(1)
3.3.2 The need for simplification and classification
42(1)
3.3.3 Igneous rocks and their associations
43(3)
3.3.4 Sediments and associations - soils and rocks
46(1)
3.3.4.1 General nature and classification
46(6)
3.3.4.2 Sedimentary environments
52(8)
3.3.5 Metamorphic rocks and their associations
60(3)
3.4 Geological structures
63(24)
3.4.1 Introduction
63(1)
3.4.2 Types of discontinuity
64(1)
3.4.3 Geological interfaces
64(1)
3.4.4 Faults
64(3)
3.4.5 Periglacial shears
67(1)
3.4.6 Joints
67(6)
3.4.7 Differentiation into sets
73(1)
3.4.8 Orthogonal systematic
74(2)
3.4.9 Non-orthogonal, systematic
76(2)
3.4.10 Shear joints
78(1)
3.4.11 Complex geometries
78(2)
3.4.12 Sheeting joints
80(4)
3.4.13 Morphology of discontinuity surfaces
84(1)
3.4.13.1 Sedimentary rocks
85(1)
3.4.13.2 Tension fractures
86(1)
3.5 Weathering
87(4)
3.5.1 Weathering processes
87(1)
3.5.2 Weathering profiles
88(3)
3.6 Water
91(5)
3.6.1 Introduction
91(1)
3.6.2 Groundwater response to rainfall
92(2)
3.6.3 Preferential flow paths through soil
94(1)
3.6.4 Preferential flow paths through rock
95(1)
3.7 Geological hazards
96(4)
3.7.1 Introduction
96(1)
3.7.2 Landslides in natural terrain
97(1)
3.7.2.1 Modes of failure
97(1)
3.7.2.2 Slope deterioration and progressive failure
98(2)
3.7.3 Earthquakes and volcanoes
100(1)
3.8 Ground models for engineering projects
100(15)
3.8.1 Introduction
100(2)
3.8.2 General procedures for creating a model
102(1)
3.8.3 Fracture networks
103(1)
3.8.4 Examples of models
103(12)
4 Site investigation
115(70)
4.1 Nature of site investigation
115(1)
4.2 Scope and extent of ground investigation
116(8)
4.2.1 Scope and programme of investigation
116(3)
4.2.2 Extent of ground investigation
119(5)
4.3 Procedures for site investigation
124(15)
4.3.1 General
124(1)
4.3.2 Desk study
124(1)
4.3.2.1 Sources of information
124(1)
4.3.2.2 Air photograph interpretation
125(3)
4.3.3 Planning a ground investigation
128(1)
4.3.3.1 Equation 1: geological factors
129(6)
4.3.3.2 Equation 2: environmental factors
135(1)
4.3.3.3 Equation 3: construction-related factors
136(1)
4.3.3.4 Discussion
137(2)
4.4 Field reconnaissance and mapping
139(12)
4.4.1 General
139(4)
4.4.2 Describing field exposures
143(8)
4.5 Geophysics
151(3)
4.5.1 Seismic methods
152(1)
4.5.2 Resistivity
153(1)
4.5.3 Other techniques
153(1)
4.5.4 Down-hole geophysics
154(1)
4.6 Sub-surface investigation
154(7)
4.6.1 Sampling strategy
154(1)
4.6.2 Boreholes in soil
155(3)
4.6.3 Rotary drilling
158(3)
4.7 In situ testing
161(7)
4.8 Logging borehole samples
168(4)
4.9 Down-hole logging
172(2)
4.10 Instrumentation
174(5)
4.11 Environmental hazards
179(5)
4.11.1 General
179(1)
4.11.2 Natural terrain landslides
180(1)
4.11.3 Coastal recession
181(1)
4.11.4 Subsidence and settlement
182(1)
4.11.5 Contaminated land
182(1)
4.11.6 Seismicity
183(1)
4.11.6.1 Principles
183(1)
4.11.6.2 Design codes
183(1)
4.11.6.3 Collecting data
183(1)
4.12 Laboratory testing
184(1)
4.13 Reporting
184(1)
5 Geotechnical parameters
185(46)
5.1 Physical properties of rocks and soils
185(1)
5.2 Material vs. mass
185(1)
5.3 Origins of properties
185(10)
5.3.1 Fundamentals
185(2)
5.3.2 Friction between minerals
187(1)
5.3.3 Friction of natural soil and rock
187(2)
5.3.4 True cohesion
189(1)
5.3.5 Geological factors
189(1)
5.3.5.1 Weathering
190(1)
5.3.5.2 Diagenesis and lithification (formation of rock from soil)
191(2)
5.3.5.3 Fractures
193(1)
5.3.5.4 Soil and rock mixtures
193(2)
5.4 Measurement methods
195(10)
5.4.1 Compressive strength
196(5)
5.4.2 Tensile strength
201(1)
5.4.3 Shear strength
201(2)
5.4.3.1 True cohesion
203(1)
5.4.3.2 Residual strength
203(1)
5.4.4 Deformability
204(1)
5.4.5 Permeability
204(1)
5.5 Soil properties
205(2)
5.5.1 Clay soils
205(2)
5.5.2 Granular soil
207(1)
5.5.3 Soil mass properties
207(1)
5.6 Rock properties
207(6)
5.6.1 Intact rock
207(1)
5.6.1.1 Fresh to moderately weathered rock
207(1)
5.6.1.2 Weathered rock
208(1)
5.6.2 Rock mass strength
209(2)
5.6.3 Rock mass deformability
211(2)
5.7 Rock discontinuity properties
213(13)
5.7.1 General
213(1)
5.7.2 Parameters
214(1)
5.7.3 Shear strength of rock joints
215(1)
5.7.3.1 Basic friction, Φb
215(6)
5.7.3.2 Roughness
221(1)
5.7.4 Infilled joints
222(1)
5.7.5 Estimating shear strength using empirical methods
223(2)
5.7.6 Dynamic shear strength of rock joints
225(1)
5.8 Rock-soil mixes
226(2)
5.8.1 Theoretical effect on shear strength of included boulders
227(1)
5.8.2 Bearing capacity of mixed soil and rock
228(1)
5.9 Rock used in construction
228(3)
5.9.1 Concrete aggregate
228(1)
5.9.2 Armourstone
229(1)
5.9.3 Road stone
229(1)
5.9.4 Dimension stone
229(2)
6 Analysis, design and construction
231(79)
6.1 Introduction
231(1)
6.2 Loads
231(6)
6.2.1 Natural stress conditions
231(5)
6.2.2 Loadings from a building
236(1)
6.3 Temporary and permanent works
237(1)
6.4 Foundations
238(15)
6.4.1 Shallow foundations
238(3)
6.4.2 Buoyant foundations
241(1)
6.4.3 Deep foundations
242(1)
6.4.3.1 Piled foundations
242(3)
6.4.3.2 Design
245(6)
6.4.3.3 Proof testing
251(1)
6.4.3.4 Barrettes
251(1)
6.4.3.5 Caissons
252(1)
6.5 Tunnels and caverns
253(15)
6.5.1 General considerations for tunnelling
253(1)
6.5.2 Options for construction
254(1)
6.5.3 Soft ground tunnelling
255(3)
6.5.4 Hard rock tunnelling
258(1)
6.5.4.1 Drill and blast/roadheaders
258(2)
6.5.4.2 TBM tunnels in rock
260(1)
6.5.5 Tunnel support
260(1)
6.5.5.1 Temporary works
260(1)
6.5.5.2 Permanent design
261(4)
6.5.6 Cavern design
265(1)
6.5.7 Underground mining
266(1)
6.5.8 Risk assessments for tunnelling and underground works
266(1)
6.5.8.1 Assessment at the design stage
267(1)
6.5.8.2 Risk registers during construction
267(1)
6.6 Slopes
268(20)
6.6.1 Rock slopes
268(1)
6.6.1.1 Shallow failures
269(3)
6.6.1.2 Structural
272(2)
6.6.1.3 Deep-seated failure
274(1)
6.6.2 Soil slopes
274(5)
6.6.3 Risk assessment
279(1)
6.6.4 General considerations
279(2)
6.6.5 Engineering options
281(1)
6.6.5.1 Surface treatment
281(1)
6.6.5.2 Rock and boulder falls
282(1)
6.6.5.3 Mesh
283(1)
6.6.5.4 Drainage
283(2)
6.6.5.5 Reinforcement
285(1)
6.6.5.6 Retaining walls and barriers
286(1)
6.6.5.7 Maintenance
287(1)
6.7 Site formation, excavation and dredging
288(1)
6.7.1 Excavatability
288(1)
6.7.2 Dredging
288(1)
6.8 Ground improvement
288(5)
6.8.1 Introduction
288(1)
6.8.2 Dynamic compaction
289(1)
6.8.3 Static preloading
289(1)
6.8.4 Stone columns
290(1)
6.8.5 Soil mixing and jet-grouted columns
290(1)
6.8.6 Drainage
290(1)
6.8.7 Geotextiles
291(1)
6.8.7.1 Strengthening the ground
291(1)
6.8.7.2 Drainage and barriers
291(1)
6.8.8 Grouting
292(1)
6.8.9 Cavities
292(1)
6.9 Surface mining and quarrying
293(1)
6.10 Earthquakes
294(10)
6.10.1 Ground motion
294(2)
6.10.2 Liquefaction
296(1)
6.10.3 Design of buildings
297(2)
6.10.4 Tunnels
299(1)
6.10.5 Landslides triggered by earthquakes
300(1)
6.10.5.1 Landslide mechanisms
300(2)
6.10.5.2 Empirical relationships
302(1)
6.10.6 Slope design to resist earthquakes
303(1)
6.10.6.1 Pseudo-static load analysis
304(1)
6.10.6.2 Displacement analysis
304(1)
6.11 Construction vibrations
304(1)
6.11.1 Blasting
304(1)
6.11.2 Piling vibrations
305(1)
6.12 Numerical modelling for analysis and design
305(2)
6.12.1 General purpose
305(1)
6.12.2 Problem-specific software
306(1)
6.13 Role of engineering geologist during construction
307(3)
6.13.1 Keeping records
307(1)
6.13.2 Checking ground model and design assumptions
307(2)
6.13.3 Fraud
309(1)
7 Unexpected ground conditions and how to avoid them: case examples
310(34)
7.1 Introduction
310(1)
7.2 Ground risks
310(1)
7.3 Geology: material-scale factors
311(4)
7.3.1 Chemical reactions: Carsington Dam, UK
311(1)
7.3.2 Strength and abrasivity of flint and chert: gas storage caverns Killingholme, Humberside, UK
312(1)
7.3.3 Abrasivity: TBM Singapore
312(2)
7.3.4 Concrete aggregate reaction: Pracana Dam, Portugal
314(1)
7.4 Geology: mass-scale factors
315(7)
7.4.1 Pre-existing shear surfaces: Carsington Dam failure
315(1)
7.4.2 Faults in foundations: Kornhill development, Hong Kong
316(1)
7.4.3 Faults: TBM collapse, Halifax, UK
316(2)
7.4.4 Geological structure: Ping Lin Tunnel, Taiwan
318(1)
7.4.5 Deep weathering and cavern infill: Tung Chung, Hong Kong
318(2)
7.4.6 Predisposed rock structure: Pos Selim landslide, Malaysia
320(2)
7.5 General geological considerations
322(2)
7.5.1 Tunnel liner failure at Kingston on Hull, UK
322(1)
7.5.2 Major temporary works failure: Nicoll Highway collapse, Singapore
323(1)
7.5.3 General failings in ground models
324(1)
7.6 Environmental factors
324(6)
7.6.1 Incorrect hydrogeological ground model and inattention to detail: landfill site in the UK
324(3)
7.6.2 Corrosive groundwater conditions and failure of ground anchors: Hong Kong and UK
327(1)
7.6.3 Explosive gases: Abbeystead, UK
328(1)
7.6.4 Resonant damage from earthquakes at great distance: Mexico and Turkey
328(2)
7.7 Construction factors
330(3)
7.7.1 Soil grading and its consequence: piling at Drax Power Station, UK
330(2)
7.7.2 Construction of piles in karstic limestone, Wales, UK
332(1)
7.8 Systematic failing
333(11)
7.8.1 Heathrow Express Tunnel collapse
333(3)
7.8.2 Planning for a major tunnelling system under the sea: SSDS Hong Kong
336(3)
7.8.3 Inadequate investigations and mismanagement: the application for a rock research laboratory, Sellafield, UK
339(2)
7.8.4 Landslide near Busan, Korea
341(1)
7.8.5 A series of delayed landslides on Ching Cheung Road, Hong Kong
342(2)
Appendix A Training, institutions and societies
344(12)
A.1 Training
344(5)
A.1.1 United Kingdom
344(1)
A.1.2 Mainland Europe
345(1)
A.1.3 United States of America
346(1)
A.1.4 Canada
347(1)
A.1.5 China
348(1)
A.1.6 Hong Kong
349(1)
A.2 Institutions
349(3)
A.2.1 Introduction
349(1)
A.2.2 The Institution of Geologists (IG)
350(1)
A.2.3 The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE)
351(1)
A.2.3.1 Member
351(1)
A.2.3.2 Fellow
351(1)
A.2.4 Institution of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3)
352(1)
A.2.5 Other countries
352(1)
A.3 Learned societies
352(4)
A.3.1 Introduction
352(1)
A.3.2 Geological Society of London
352(1)
A.3.3 International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment
353(1)
A.3.4 British Geotechnical Association (BGA)
353(1)
A.3.5 Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists
353(1)
A.3.6 International Society for Rock Mechanics
354(1)
A.3.7 International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
354(2)
Appendix B Conversion factors (to 2 decimal places) and some definitions
356(3)
Appendix C Soil and rock terminology for description and classification for engineering purposes
359(20)
C.1 Warning
359(1)
C.2 Introduction and history
359(1)
C.3 Systematic description
360(2)
C.3.1 Order of description
360(1)
C.3.1.1 Soil
361(1)
C.3.1.2 Rock
361(1)
C.4 Soil description
362(1)
C.5 Rock description and classification
362(12)
C.5.1 Strength
362(3)
C.5.2 Joints and discontinuities
365(3)
C.5.3 Discussion
368(1)
C.5.4 Weathering
368(1)
C.5.4.1 Material weathering classifications
369(2)
C.5.4.2 Mass weathering classifications
371(3)
C.6 Rock mass classifications
374(5)
C.6.1 RQD
374(1)
C.6.2 More sophisticated rock mass classification schemes
375(1)
C.6.2.1 RMR
375(1)
C.6.2.2 Q SYSTEM
376(1)
C.6.2.3 GSI
376(2)
C.6.3 Slope classifications
378(1)
Appendix D Examples of borehole and trial pit logs
379(15)
D.1 Contractor's borehole logs
379(5)
D.1.1 UK example
379(5)
D.1.2 Hong Kong example
384(1)
D.2 Consultant's borehole log, Australia
384(9)
D.3 Contractor's trial pit logs
393(1)
Appendix E Tunnelling risk
394(23)
Appendix E-1 Example of tunnelling risk assessment at project option stage for Young Dong Mountain Loop Tunnel, South Korea
394(7)
Appendix E-2 Example of hazard and risk prediction table
401(14)
Appendix E-3 Example risk register
415(2)
References 417(26)
Index 443
Steve Hencher is a Director of consulting engineers Halcrow and Research Professor of Engineering Geology at the University of Leeds.