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El. knyga: Practical Guide to Commercial Real Estate Transactions: From Contract to Closing, Third Edition

  • Formatas: 638 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Aug-2019
  • Leidėjas: American Bar Association
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781634254878
  • Formatas: 638 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 07-Aug-2019
  • Leidėjas: American Bar Association
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781634254878

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For proven guidance and techniques for handling a commercial real estate deal, this practical guide will help you negotiate and close the deal. The authors cover each step of a real estate transaction in the order in which it generally arises, and offers pertinent advice, practice comments, and sample forms throughout.

Because much of the real estate lawyer's practice revolves around transactional documents, the book's chapters emphasize the drafting, negotiation, and revision needed to get a deal closed. Written by a law professor and two real estate practitioners, this book offers a useful combination of text overview and practice pointers. It helps lawyers with less experience navigate through the maze of steps involved in a real estate transaction. At the same time, it serves as a valuable reference for more seasoned attorneys as well as those whose practice is concentrated in other areas of the law. Downloadable forms are available online.

Preface and Acknowledgments xiii
Part I: Introduction 1(8)
Chapter 1 Introduction
3(6)
1.01 Bridging the Gap between Law School and Real Estate Practice
3(2)
1.02 Format of the Book
5(1)
1.03 The Mechanics of a Transaction: Drafting, Negotiation, and Revision
5(1)
1.04 Gathering Information and Allocating Risk
6(1)
1.05 Bargaining Strength
7(2)
Part II: Purchase and Sale Transactions 9(202)
Chapter 2 The Purchase and Sale Agreement
11(126)
2.01 The Need for a Purchase and Sale Agreement
11(2)
2.02 Buyer's Perspective
13(1)
2.03 Seller's Perspective
14(1)
2.04 Relative Bargaining Strength
15(1)
2.05 Statute of Frauds
16(1)
2.06 Form: Letter of Intent
17(1)
2.07 Parties
17(2)
2.08 Form: Purchase and Sale Agreement
19(1)
2.09 Recitals
19(1)
2.10 Definitions
20(1)
2.11 Identity of Property
21(2)
2.12 Agreement to Buy and Sell the Property
23(1)
2.13 Purchase Price
23(1)
2.14 Portion to Be Paid by Assumption of Existing Debt
24(2)
2.15 Portion to Be Paid by Amount Borrowed from a Third-Party Lender
26(1)
2.16 Portion to Be Paid by Seller Financing
26(1)
2.17 Earnest Money
27(3)
2.18 Escrow for Earnest Money
30(1)
2.19 Sale or Removal of Personal Property
31(1)
2.20 Seller's Representations, Warranties, Covenants, and Indemnities
32(6)
2.21 Due Organization of Seller
38(1)
2.22 Authority of Seller; No Approvals Required; No Violations of Other Agreements
39(1)
2.23 No Options
40(2)
2.24 Condition of Property and Improvements
42(2)
2.25 Maintenance and Operation of Property until Closing
44(1)
2.26 Seller's Title and Permitted Encumbrances
44(2)
2.27 Schedule of Tenant Leases; Status of Tenant Leases
46(2)
2.28 No Brokerage Commissions on Leases
48(1)
2.29 Access to the Property
48(2)
2.30 Utilities
50(1)
2.31 Certificates of Occupancy and Other Permits
51(1)
2.32 Compliance with Law
52(1)
2.33 Zoning
53(1)
2.34 Claims and Litigation
54(1)
2.35 Environmental Matters
55(1)
2.36 Employment Matters; Service Contracts
56(1)
2.37 Covenants, Servitudes, Easements, and Reciprocal Easements
57(2)
2.38 Licenses and Franchises
59(1)
2.39 Trademarks; Copyrights; Visual Artists' Rights
59(1)
2.40 Insurance
60(1)
2.41 Casualty
61(1)
2.42 Condemnation
62(1)
2.43 Real Property Taxes and Assessments
63(1)
2.44 No Prior Mortgages
64(1)
2.45 No Other Liens
65(1)
2.46 Buyer's Representations, Warranties, and Covenants
66(1)
2.47 Due Organization of Buyer
67(1)
2.48 Authority of Buyer; No Approvals Required; No Violations of Other Agreements
68(1)
2.49 Survival of Representations, Warranties, Covenants, and Indemnities; Relationship to Due Diligence
68(3)
2.50 Conditions Precedent to Buyer's Obligation to Close
71(2)
2.51 Study Period
73(1)
2.52 Continuing Accuracy of Seller's Representations and Warranties; Performance of Covenants
74(4)
2.53 Buyer's Access to the Property during Due Diligence Period
78(1)
2.54 Financing
79(3)
2.55 Authority of Seller
82(1)
2.56 Condition of Property and Improvements
83(2)
2.57 Delivery of Deed
85(1)
2.58 Title Insurance Policy
86(3)
2.59 Affidavit to Title Company
89(1)
2.60 Survey
90(1)
2.61 Appraisal
91(1)
2.62 Assignment of Seller's Interest in Leases
92(1)
2.63 Tenant Estoppels
92(2)
2.64 Form: Tenant Estoppel Certificate
94(1)
2.65 Notices to Tenants
94(1)
2.66 Delivery of Security Deposits
95(1)
2.67 Assignment of Seller's Interest in All Other Property and Agreements
96(1)
2.68 FIRPTA Affidavit
97(1)
2.69 Form: FIRPTA Affidavit
97(1)
2.70 Permits, Certificates, Plans, Warranties, and Keys
97(1)
2.71 Conditions Precedent to Seller's Obligation to Close
98(1)
2.72 Payment of Purchase Price
99(1)
2.73 Continuing Accuracy of Buyer's Representations and Warranties; Performance of Covenants
100(1)
2.74 Authority of Buyer
101(1)
2.75 Waiver of Closing Conditions
101(2)
2.76 Casualty or Condemnation before Closing
103(1)
2.77 Closing Date, Time, Location, and Mechanics
104(1)
2.78 Defaults and Remedies
105(2)
2.79 Nonrecourse
107(1)
2.80 Transfer Taxes, Gains Taxes, and Sales Taxes
108(1)
2.81 Apportionments, Prorations, and Adjustments
109(3)
2.82 Brokerage Commissions
112(1)
2.83 Recording of Purchase Agreement
113(1)
2.84 Payment of Expenses
114(2)
2.85 Time Is of the Essence
116(1)
2.86 Assignment of Purchase Agreement
116(2)
2.87 Miscellaneous Sections of the Purchase Agreement
118(1)
2.88 Further Assurances
119(1)
2.89 Integration, Merger, and Waiver
119(2)
2.90 Choice of Law; Choice of Forum
121(1)
2.91 Notices
121(1)
2.92 Other Miscellaneous Provisions
122(1)
2.93 Counterparts and Multiple Originals
123(1)
2.94 Signature Lines; Date
123(2)
2.95 Legal Description and Other Exhibits
125(12)
Chapter 3 Due Diligence
137(74)
3.01 What Is Due Diligence? Gathering Information, Reviewing Information, and Addressing Problems
137(1)
3.02 Due Diligence and the Purchase Agreement
138(1)
3.03 Contract Remedies for Problems Unearthed during Due Diligence
139(2)
3.04 Checklist: Due Diligence and Closing Checklist
141(1)
3.05 Title and Survey Matters
141(1)
3.06 The Title Commitment
142(4)
3.07 The Form Title Insurance Policy
146(3)
3.08 Real Property Taxes and Assessments
149(3)
3.09 Covenants, Servitudes, Easements, and Reciprocal Easements
152(3)
3.10 Existing Mortgages
155(1)
3.11 Tenant Leases and Parties in Possession
156(3)
3.12 Mechanics' Liens
159(1)
3.13 Violations
160(2)
3.14 Judgments and Lis Pendens
162(1)
3.15 State and Federal Tax Liens
163(1)
3.16 Air Rights and Development Rights; Mineral Rights
164(1)
3.17 Permitted Encumbrances
165(2)
3.18 Title Endorsements
167(1)
3.19 Checklist: Title Endorsements
167(1)
3.20 Zoning and Subdivision Laws
168(2)
3.21 Coinsurance and Reinsurance
170(1)
3.22 Survey
170(4)
3.23 Access to the Property
174(1)
3.24 Utilities
175(1)
3.25 Torrens Registration
175(1)
3.26 Lease Review and Estoppels
176(1)
3.27 Obtaining Tenant Leases
177(1)
3.28 Reviewing Tenant Leases
178(1)
3.29 Form: Lease Review Summary
179(1)
3.30 Permitted Uses; Radius Restrictions; Covenants of Continuous Operation
180(1)
3.31 Duration of Leases
181(1)
3.32 Renewal Options
182(1)
3.33 Expansion Options
183(1)
3.34 Termination Options
183(1)
3.35 Purchase Options; Rights of First Refusal; Rights of First Offer
184(2)
3.36 Assignment and Subletting Rights
186(2)
3.37 Security Deposits
188(1)
3.38 Guarantees
189(1)
3.39 Landlord's Construction Obligations; Improvements by Tenants
190(1)
3.40 Leasehold Financing
191(1)
3.41 Tenant Estoppels
192(3)
3.42 Form: Tenant Estoppel Certificate
195(1)
3.43 Subordination, Nondisturbance, and Attornment Agreements
195(4)
3.44 Form: Subordination, Nondisturbance, and Attornment Agreement
199(1)
3.45 Condition of Property and Improvements
199(1)
3.46 Suitability for Intended Use
200(1)
3.47 Suitability for Construction
200(1)
3.48 Availability of Necessary Permits
201(1)
3.49 Environmental Matters
202(1)
3.50 Assignability of Contracts and Licenses to Buyer
203(1)
3.51 Corporate, Partnership, and Limited Liability Entity Matters
204(1)
3.52 Due Organization of Parties
204(1)
3.53 Authority of Parties
205(2)
3.54 Financing Matters
207(4)
Part III: Loan Transactions 211(104)
Chapter 4 The Loan Commitment
213(34)
4.01 The Need for a Loan Commitment
213(3)
4.02 Comparing the Loan Commitment to the Purchase Agreement
216(2)
4.03 Lender's Perspective
218(2)
4.04 Borrower's Perspective
220(1)
4.05 Terms of the Loan Commitment
220(3)
4.06 Form: Loan Agreement
223(1)
4.07 Tenant Leases; Lease Priorities
223(2)
4.08 Environmental Matters
225(1)
4.09 Insurance
226(3)
4.10 Assignability of Contracts and Licenses
229(2)
4.11 Real Property Taxes and Assessments
231(1)
4.12 Prior Mortgages
232(1)
4.13 Appraisal
233(1)
4.14 Creditworthiness Matters
234(1)
4.15 Loan Guarantees and Other Forms of Credit Enhancement
234(2)
4.16 Opinion of Borrower's Counsel
236(1)
4.17 Nonrecourse Provision
236(2)
4.18 Loan Commitment Fee
238(1)
4.19 Loan Expenses
238(1)
4.20 Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Financing: Introduction and Purposes
239(2)
4.21 Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Financing: Documentation
241(6)
Chapter 5 Post-Loan Commitment Due Diligence
247(22)
5.01 Due Diligence and the Loan Commitment
247(2)
5.02 Loan Commitment Remedies for Problems Unearthed during Due Diligence
249(1)
5.03 Title and Survey Matters
250(2)
5.04 The Title Commitment to Lender and the Form Title Insurance Policy
252(1)
5.05 Mechanics' Liens
253(2)
5.06 Lease Review
255(1)
5.07 Renewal, Expansion, Contraction, and Termination Options
255(2)
5.08 Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal
257(1)
5.09 Landlord's Construction Obligations
258(1)
5.10 Tenant Estoppels
259(1)
5.11 Subordination, Nondisturbance, and Attornment Agreements
260(1)
5.12 Creditworthiness Matters
261(1)
5.13 Environmental Matters
262(1)
5.14 Insurance
262(1)
5.15 Contracts and Licenses
263(2)
5.16 Prior Mortgages
265(1)
5.17 Appraisal
266(3)
Chapter 6 Loan Documents
269(46)
6.01 Document Preparation
269(2)
6.02 Note
271(1)
6.03 Form: Promissory Note
272(1)
6.04 Mortgage
273(1)
6.05 Similarities to and Differences from the Loan Commitment
274(1)
6.06 Form: Mortgage and Security Agreement
275(1)
6.07 Granting Clause
275(1)
6.08 Due-on-Transfer
276(2)
6.09 Prepayment
278(1)
6.10 Yield Maintenance and Defeasance
279(1)
6.11 Limitations on Junior Financing
280(3)
6.12 Cross-Default
283(2)
6.13 Maintaining the Property
285(1)
6.14 Events of Default
286(2)
6.15 Pre-Foreclosure Remedies
288(1)
6.16 Foreclosure
289(3)
6.17 Nonrecourse Provision
292(2)
6.18 Releases and Partial Releases
294(2)
6.19 Escrows for Payment of Taxes and Insurance
296(1)
6.20 Usury
297(1)
6.21 Bankruptcy
298(2)
6.22 Deed of Trust
300(1)
6.23 Assignment of Leases and Rents
301(1)
6.24 Form: Assignment of Leases and Rents
302(1)
6.25 Security Agreements and Financing Statements; Fixture Filings
302(2)
6.26 Guarantees
304(2)
6.27 Form: Environmental Indemnity Agreement
306(1)
6.28 Form: Nonrecourse Carveout Guarantee
306(1)
6.29 Participation Agreements
306(1)
6.30 Seller Financing
307(1)
6.31 Assumption of Existing Financing
308(2)
6.32 Acquisition Subject to Existing Financing
310(1)
6.33 Subordinate Lending
311(4)
Part IV: The Closing 315(50)
Chapter 7 Preparing for the Closing
317(30)
7.01 The Need for a Closing
317(1)
7.02 The Closing Checklist
318(2)
7.03 Checklist: Due Diligence and Closing Checklist
320(1)
7.04 Document Preparation
320(1)
7.05 Deed
321(3)
7.06 Corporate, Partnership, and Limited Liability Entity Documents; Power of Attorney
324(2)
7.07 Form: Certificate of Secretary, with Attached Resolutions
326(1)
7.08 Bill of Sale
326(2)
7.09 Form: Bill of Sale
328(1)
7.10 Title Insurance
328(2)
7.11 Payoff Letters and Satisfactions of Existing Mortgages
330(2)
7.12 Opinions of Counsel
332(1)
7.13 Method of Payment
333(1)
7.14 Insurance Coverage
334(1)
7.15 Leases, Employment Agreements, Service Contracts, Licenses, and Other Agreements
335(1)
7.16 Permits, Certificates, Plans, Warranties, and Keys
336(1)
7.17 Utility Readings
337(1)
7.18 Calculating Closing Apportionments, Proration, and Adjustments
338(1)
7.19 Calculating Fees, Commissions, Taxes, and Other Closing Costs
339(2)
7.20 Notices
341(1)
7.21 The Walk-Through and the Post-Closing Agreement
342(1)
7.22 Form: Post-Closing Agreement
343(1)
7.23 The Closing Statement
343(4)
Chapter 8 Running the Closing
347(12)
8.01 Structure of a Typical Closing
347(1)
8.02 The Table, or New York-Style, Closing
348(1)
8.03 The Escrow Closing
349(2)
8.04 Following the Closing Checklist
351(1)
8.05 Form: Closing Instruction Letter from Buyer
352(1)
8.06 Title Insurance
352(1)
8.07 Execution and Acknowledgment of Documents
353(2)
8.08 Multiple Copies
355(2)
8.09 Delivery and Distribution of Funds
357(2)
Chapter 9 Post-Closing Matters
359(6)
9.01 Recordation of Documents
359(1)
9.02 Distribution of Documents
360(1)
9.03 Following Up
361(1)
9.04 Organizing the File
362(3)
Appendices 365(242)
Appendix A: Form of Letter of Intent
365(3)
Appendix B: Form of Purchase and Sale Agreement
368(49)
Appendix C: Form of Due Diligence and Closing Checklist
417(14)
Appendix D: Checklist of Title Endorsements
431(2)
Appendix E: Lease Review Summary Form
433(7)
Appendix F: Form of Subordination, Nondisturbance, and Attornment Agreement
440(7)
Appendix G: Form of Loan Agreement
447(65)
Appendix H: Form of Promissory Note
512(5)
Appendix I: Form of Mortgage and Security Agreement
517(29)
Appendix J: Form of Assignment of Leases and Rents
546(14)
Appendix K: Form of Environmental Indemnity Agreement
560(16)
Appendix L Form of Nonrecourse Carveout Guarantee
576(15)
Appendix M Form of Certificate of Secretary, with Attached Resolutions
591(4)
Appendix N Form of Post-Closing Agreement
595(6)
Appendix O Form of Closing Instruction Letter
601(6)
About the Authors 607(2)
Index 609